Calcium Transients in the Garter Snake Vomeronasal Organ
... patterns of activity displayed a scattered appearance with a heterogeneous organization in which it was possible to find nonuniform foci of activity distributed in multiple epithelial regions separated by silent sectors. Within each lamina there were important variations in the amplitude and time co ...
... patterns of activity displayed a scattered appearance with a heterogeneous organization in which it was possible to find nonuniform foci of activity distributed in multiple epithelial regions separated by silent sectors. Within each lamina there were important variations in the amplitude and time co ...
Cumming BG, Parker AJ.
... in the vicinity of the receptive field. The results for these four neurons closely resembled those for the rest of the population. It would have been possible to manipulate the relative disparity between the foreground and background of the RDS simply by changing the disparity of the background regi ...
... in the vicinity of the receptive field. The results for these four neurons closely resembled those for the rest of the population. It would have been possible to manipulate the relative disparity between the foreground and background of the RDS simply by changing the disparity of the background regi ...
THE SUBFORNICAL ORGAN AND AREA POSTREMA MEDIATE
... lesions exhibit a profound decrease in body weight and food intake and no longer exhibit decreases in body weight in response to peripheral leptin administration. ii ...
... lesions exhibit a profound decrease in body weight and food intake and no longer exhibit decreases in body weight in response to peripheral leptin administration. ii ...
Organization of brainstem nuclei
... zone (vestibular nuclei) dorsolaterally and terminating in a general motor efferent zone ventromedially (hypoglossal). Intervening in a dorsal-to-ventral sequence are the somatic afferent column (spinal nucleus of the trigeminal), the visceral afferent column (solitary nucleus and the dorsolateral s ...
... zone (vestibular nuclei) dorsolaterally and terminating in a general motor efferent zone ventromedially (hypoglossal). Intervening in a dorsal-to-ventral sequence are the somatic afferent column (spinal nucleus of the trigeminal), the visceral afferent column (solitary nucleus and the dorsolateral s ...
Normal sleep and circadian rhythms: Neurobiologic mechanisms
... desynchronized and also is seen in the state of relaxed wakefulness (with eyes closed). Activated refers to an active mind (dreams) and the EEG pattern characteristic of wakefulness. Paradoxically, individuals in REM sleep, although activated, are behaviorally less responsive than during the wake st ...
... desynchronized and also is seen in the state of relaxed wakefulness (with eyes closed). Activated refers to an active mind (dreams) and the EEG pattern characteristic of wakefulness. Paradoxically, individuals in REM sleep, although activated, are behaviorally less responsive than during the wake st ...
Rapid Translocation of Zn 2+ from Nerve Terminals
... Zn2⫹ imaging For extracellular Zn2⫹ fluorescence imaging, hippocampal slices were preloaded with 20 M NG dipotassium salt at room temperature in the dark for at least 30 min, and recordings were made with NG dipotassium salt in the ACSF bathing the slice. For intracellular Zn2⫹ imaging, the slices ...
... Zn2⫹ imaging For extracellular Zn2⫹ fluorescence imaging, hippocampal slices were preloaded with 20 M NG dipotassium salt at room temperature in the dark for at least 30 min, and recordings were made with NG dipotassium salt in the ACSF bathing the slice. For intracellular Zn2⫹ imaging, the slices ...
Selective stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus in Parkinson`s
... 1994, Miller and DeLong, 1987), which was later also found in PD patients (Benazzouz, et al., 2002). The cortico-subthalamic pathway The classical model of the basal ganglia circuitry for motor control consists of the direct and indirect pathways (Albin, et al., 1989, Alexander and Crutcher, 1990). ...
... 1994, Miller and DeLong, 1987), which was later also found in PD patients (Benazzouz, et al., 2002). The cortico-subthalamic pathway The classical model of the basal ganglia circuitry for motor control consists of the direct and indirect pathways (Albin, et al., 1989, Alexander and Crutcher, 1990). ...
Physiology of the Mammalian Circadian System
... suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN), first identified in the early 1970s as critical for the normal expression of circadian rhythms, and long considered to be the master circadian pacemaker in mammals. Only in the past few years, however, has the SCN given up the secret of how it generates circadian rhythm ...
... suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN), first identified in the early 1970s as critical for the normal expression of circadian rhythms, and long considered to be the master circadian pacemaker in mammals. Only in the past few years, however, has the SCN given up the secret of how it generates circadian rhythm ...
AXOTOMIZED SPINAL COMMISSURAL INTERNEURONS OF THE ADULT FELINE:
... Acquiring knowledge of the morphological, molecular, and functional changes that occur to neurons following axotomy is a key step for a comprehensive understanding of the nervous system and how it reacts to injury. Propriospinal commissural interneurons (PCIs or CINs) are a class of neuron with axon ...
... Acquiring knowledge of the morphological, molecular, and functional changes that occur to neurons following axotomy is a key step for a comprehensive understanding of the nervous system and how it reacts to injury. Propriospinal commissural interneurons (PCIs or CINs) are a class of neuron with axon ...
Independent Functions of Slit–Robo Repulsion and Netrin– Frazzled
... idea that Netrin, secreted by midline cells, signals through DCC (Deleted in Colorectal Carcinoma)/UNC40/Frazzled receptors to attract commissural axons toward and across the midline, whereas Slit signals through Robo family receptors to prevent commissural axons from recrossing the midline, as well ...
... idea that Netrin, secreted by midline cells, signals through DCC (Deleted in Colorectal Carcinoma)/UNC40/Frazzled receptors to attract commissural axons toward and across the midline, whereas Slit signals through Robo family receptors to prevent commissural axons from recrossing the midline, as well ...
State transitions between wake and sleep, and within the
... whom go along with Dement and Kleitman7 and Rechtschaffen and Kales8 who define sleep onset in stage 1 based on criteria of alpha reduction. The most frequently used definition, however, situates it at the first appearance of sleep spindles or K-complexes (stage 2),6,9,10,24–26 probably because this ...
... whom go along with Dement and Kleitman7 and Rechtschaffen and Kales8 who define sleep onset in stage 1 based on criteria of alpha reduction. The most frequently used definition, however, situates it at the first appearance of sleep spindles or K-complexes (stage 2),6,9,10,24–26 probably because this ...
Protracted Synaptogenesis after Activity
... (Engert and Bonhoeffer, 1999; Maletic-Savatic et al., 1999; Jourdain et al., 2003; Nägerl et al., 2004). Because dendritic spines are the site of most excitatory synapses in the CNS, this is thought to be one important mechanism whereby functional changes induced by activity are made more permanent ...
... (Engert and Bonhoeffer, 1999; Maletic-Savatic et al., 1999; Jourdain et al., 2003; Nägerl et al., 2004). Because dendritic spines are the site of most excitatory synapses in the CNS, this is thought to be one important mechanism whereby functional changes induced by activity are made more permanent ...
Organization of projections from the basomedial nucleus of the
... The amygdala has been implicated in a wide variety of functions, from sexual and social behaviors to emotion and sensory-associative learning (see Discussion). It is becoming clear that specific amygdalar nuclei contribute differentially to the various functions associated with this part of the infe ...
... The amygdala has been implicated in a wide variety of functions, from sexual and social behaviors to emotion and sensory-associative learning (see Discussion). It is becoming clear that specific amygdalar nuclei contribute differentially to the various functions associated with this part of the infe ...
Gastric Effects of Cholecystokinin and Its Interaction with Leptin on
... a brainstem compartment and a gastric compartment. Peptides were applied only to the gastric compartment and their effects on the NTS neuronal activity were evaluated. The test compounds, CCK and leptin, were dissolved in the vehicle solution. The concentrated solution was applied to the Krebs’ solu ...
... a brainstem compartment and a gastric compartment. Peptides were applied only to the gastric compartment and their effects on the NTS neuronal activity were evaluated. The test compounds, CCK and leptin, were dissolved in the vehicle solution. The concentrated solution was applied to the Krebs’ solu ...
Neuro-Opthalmology (Developments in Ophthalmology, Vol. 40)
... global layer MIFs. Palisade endings are unique to eye muscles, and have been found in all mammalian species investigated up to now. The function of palisade endings is uncertain, but it is possible that they are ‘sensory receptors’. Motoneurons innervating the eye muscles lie in the oculomotor, troc ...
... global layer MIFs. Palisade endings are unique to eye muscles, and have been found in all mammalian species investigated up to now. The function of palisade endings is uncertain, but it is possible that they are ‘sensory receptors’. Motoneurons innervating the eye muscles lie in the oculomotor, troc ...
1 - Test Bank
... 25. The primary purpose of the myelin sheath is to ________. a. insulate the neuron so it can transmit information more efficiently Correct: The myelin sheath protects and insulates the neuron, and helps to speed up the process of neural communication. b. receive messages from outside the neuron and ...
... 25. The primary purpose of the myelin sheath is to ________. a. insulate the neuron so it can transmit information more efficiently Correct: The myelin sheath protects and insulates the neuron, and helps to speed up the process of neural communication. b. receive messages from outside the neuron and ...
ATLAS OF FUNCTIONAL NEUROANATOMY
... with a focus on where the information has been interrupted. The Atlas starts with an Orientation to the various parts of the nervous system, presented from the spinal cord upward to the brain. Radiographic material has been added, since this is the way the CNS will be viewed and investigated by all ...
... with a focus on where the information has been interrupted. The Atlas starts with an Orientation to the various parts of the nervous system, presented from the spinal cord upward to the brain. Radiographic material has been added, since this is the way the CNS will be viewed and investigated by all ...
Chapter 3 Two parts of nucleus prepositus hypoglossi project to two
... The dorsolateral column of the mesencephalic periaqueductal gray (PAG) is a separate part of the PAG. Its afferent sources, efferent targets and neurochemical properties differ from the adjacent PAG columns. The dorsolateral PAG is thought to be associated with aversive behaviors, but it is not yet ...
... The dorsolateral column of the mesencephalic periaqueductal gray (PAG) is a separate part of the PAG. Its afferent sources, efferent targets and neurochemical properties differ from the adjacent PAG columns. The dorsolateral PAG is thought to be associated with aversive behaviors, but it is not yet ...
The Role of Kv7 in Peripheral Neurons
... pharmacological blockers can lead to increased nociception. However, the specific localization and the functional role of each Kv7 subunits within the peripheral sensory system have not been fully elucidated. In this thesis, I first investigate the expression pattern of Kv7.5 with immunohistochemica ...
... pharmacological blockers can lead to increased nociception. However, the specific localization and the functional role of each Kv7 subunits within the peripheral sensory system have not been fully elucidated. In this thesis, I first investigate the expression pattern of Kv7.5 with immunohistochemica ...
Ethanol Potentiation of Glycine-Induced Responses in Dissociated
... fetal alcohol syndrome/fetal alcohol effects are neurobehavioral disturbances, such as hyperactivity, learning disabilities, depression, and psychosis (Clarren and Smith, 1978). The mechanisms underlying EtOH effects on the developing human brain, however, are poorly understood. According to a very ...
... fetal alcohol syndrome/fetal alcohol effects are neurobehavioral disturbances, such as hyperactivity, learning disabilities, depression, and psychosis (Clarren and Smith, 1978). The mechanisms underlying EtOH effects on the developing human brain, however, are poorly understood. According to a very ...