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Understanding the process of multisensory integration
Understanding the process of multisensory integration

to eat or to sleep? orexin in the regulation of feeding and wakefulness
to eat or to sleep? orexin in the regulation of feeding and wakefulness

... ■ Abstract Orexin-A and orexin-B are neuropeptides originally identified as endogenous ligands for two orphan G-protein–coupled receptors. Orexin neuropeptides (also known as hypocretins) are produced by a small group of neurons in the lateral hypothalamic and perifornical areas, a region classicall ...
Activity dynamics and behavioral correlates of CA3 and CA1
Activity dynamics and behavioral correlates of CA3 and CA1

Intrinsic Connections of Macaque of Cells Outside Lamina 4c` Striate
Intrinsic Connections of Macaque of Cells Outside Lamina 4c` Striate

... with retrograde transport as well. Microinjections into lamina 2/3A lead to the scattered labeling of neurons in lamina 3B/4A (Fig. 6) a result that reinforces the observation, described above, that the spreading component of the 2/3A projection derives from lamina 3B/4A. There are, however, no indi ...
By ON THE ROLE OF THE SUPERIOR COLLICULUS IN THE CONTROL... VISUALLY-GUIDED SACCADES
By ON THE ROLE OF THE SUPERIOR COLLICULUS IN THE CONTROL... VISUALLY-GUIDED SACCADES

... and saccadic preparation interact within the SC to influence saccadic reaction time. I concluded that saccade latency was strongly dependant on the spatial representation and interaction of visual and saccade related signals in the SC. Together, these findings provide novel insight into the neural m ...
Are there differences between the secretion characteristics of NGF
Are there differences between the secretion characteristics of NGF

... been demonstrated for neurotrophin-mediated neurotrophin secretion occurring as a consequence of Trk receptor activation (Canossa et al., 1997). However, discordant results have been reported for high potassium-mediated secretion of BDNF from virus-transduced primary cultures of hippocampal neurons ...
1 OSCILLATORY ENTRAINMENT OF THALAMIC NEURONS BY
1 OSCILLATORY ENTRAINMENT OF THALAMIC NEURONS BY

... 2007), which translates to ~ 1083 local neurons that contribute to LFPs and ~ 1849 neurons to ...
The Nervous System: Spinal Nerves
The Nervous System: Spinal Nerves

Unraveling the Genetics of Distal Hereditary Motor Neuronopathies
Unraveling the Genetics of Distal Hereditary Motor Neuronopathies

... The hereditary motor neuronopathies (HMN [MIM 158590]) are a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by an exclusive involvement of the motor part of the peripheral nervous system. They are usually subdivided in proximal HMN, i.e., the classical spinal muscular atrophy syndromes and distal he ...
Session 230 IOP Measurement and characterization I
Session 230 IOP Measurement and characterization I

Functional Heterogeneity in the Bed Nucleus of the Stria Terminalis
Functional Heterogeneity in the Bed Nucleus of the Stria Terminalis

... Role of the oval nucleus and CRF. Much evidence suggests that CRF exerts anxiogenic effects through its actions in BNST. For instance, intra-BNST (Sahuque et al., 2006) or intracerebroventricular injections of CRF (Lee and Davis, 1997) cause anxiogenic effects, and the latter are blocked by intra-BN ...
Hox Genes: Choreographers in Neural Development, Architects of
Hox Genes: Choreographers in Neural Development, Architects of

... The neural circuits governing vital behaviors, such as respiration and locomotion, are comprised of discrete neuronal populations residing within the brainstem and spinal cord. Work over the past decade has provided a fairly comprehensive understanding of the developmental pathways that determine th ...
to the Proceedings
to the Proceedings

... spatial orientation. Across a range of species, landmark orientation and landmark memory have been demonstrated, as well as the use of sky compass cues for path integration and long-range migrations. In contrast to behavioral data, considerable progress on the neural mechanisms underlying spatial re ...


... JNCL is the result of mutations in the CLN3 gene that codes for a transmembrane protein whose precise function remains unknown [7,9,10]. CLN3-null mutant mice (Cln3–/–) present with a JNCL-like phenotype, including the intralysosomal accumulation of autofluorescent storage material and the loss of s ...
Neural Control - International Continence Society
Neural Control - International Continence Society

... Figure 3. Diagram showing neural circuits controlling continence and micturition. (A) Urine storage reflexes. During the storage of urine, distention of the bladder produces low level vesical afferent firing, which in turn stimulates (1) the sympathetic outflow to the bladder outlet (base and urethr ...
MODELING THE MIRROR: GRASP LEARNING AND ACTION
MODELING THE MIRROR: GRASP LEARNING AND ACTION

... Copyright 2002 ...
The Basal Forebrain Cholinergic Projection
The Basal Forebrain Cholinergic Projection

... the basal forebrain and are divided into several subtypes based on their morphology, spontaneous or evoked firing pattern, and neuromodulatory function. Various CBPs are often co-expressed in a high percentage of GABAergic neurons in the cortex and hippocampus and serve to distinguish subpopulations ...
The basal forebrain cholinergic projection system in mice. In
The basal forebrain cholinergic projection system in mice. In

... the basal forebrain and are divided into several subtypes based on their morphology, spontaneous or evoked firing pattern, and neuromodulatory function. Various CBPs are often co-expressed in a high percentage of GABAergic neurons in the cortex and hippocampus and serve to distinguish subpopulations ...
Neuromorphic computing
Neuromorphic computing

... This kind of computing is very similar to what can be found in a robotic controller. But the sensors and actuators are completely different, compared to humans and animals, thus the brain is substituted by a computer. ...
- CUNY Academic Works
- CUNY Academic Works

After all, it`s still replication: A reply to Jacob on simulation and mirror
After all, it`s still replication: A reply to Jacob on simulation and mirror

Neural mechanism of rapid eye movement sleep generation
Neural mechanism of rapid eye movement sleep generation

... The EEG pattern and the eye movements that occur during REM sleep are apparently similar to that observed during wakefulness. The autonomic tone increases resulting in fast and irregular respiration, increased heart rate and elevated brain temperature. The brain glucose metabolism increases signific ...
indirect projections from the suprachiasmatic nucleus to major
indirect projections from the suprachiasmatic nucleus to major

... tuberomammillary nucleus (dorsal division: P 3.8 and P 4.16; ventral division: P 4.16 and P 4.3); ventral tegmental area (P 5.3 and P 5.6) and substantia nigra pars compacta (P 5.8 and P 6.04); dorsal raphe nucleus (P 7.8, P 8.2 and P 8.8); pedunculopontine (P 7.64 and P 8.3) and laterodorsal tegmen ...
Spatial distribution and characterization of non
Spatial distribution and characterization of non

... basal locations but maintain an apical contact during mitoses [7,11,14]. These subapical progenitors are mainly characterized by undergoing multiple and fast rounds of division. The non-apical progenitor populations have been widely studied in the mammalian brain, and there is some evidence that the ...
Estradiol, Substance P, and the PI3K-Akt
Estradiol, Substance P, and the PI3K-Akt

... neurokinin 1 (NK-1) receptor. These neurons are activated in overlapping areas on the same timecourse. Substance P-induced hyperalgesia is also blocked by PI3K pathway inhibition. These results suggest that inflammation-induced hyperalgesia is mediated by substance P and dependent on the PI3K pathwa ...
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Central pattern generator

Central pattern generators (CPGs) are biological neural networks that produce rhythmic patterned outputs without sensory feedback. CPGs have been shown to produce rhythmic outputs resembling normal ""rhythmic motor pattern production"" even in isolation from motor and sensory feedback from limbs and other muscle targets. To be classified as a rhythmic generator, a CPG requires:1. ""two or more processes that interact such that each process sequentially increases and decreases, and 2. that, as a result of this interaction, the system repeatedly returns to its starting condition.
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