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S-potentials precede and drive nearly all LGN spikes in a burst.
S-potentials precede and drive nearly all LGN spikes in a burst.

Dissociating Hippocampal Subregions: A Double
Dissociating Hippocampal Subregions: A Double

May 2012 TF Fletcher ()
May 2012 TF Fletcher ()

view - E-LIB Bremen - Universität Bremen
view - E-LIB Bremen - Universität Bremen

... likely that they will fire together in the future, even if only a subset of the cell assembly gets excited by an incomplete stimulus. For example, if we observe a bird singing a characteristic song, we will later be able to identify the type of bird if we only hear its song. Around 20 years after Heb ...
Prelimbic to Accumbens Core Pathway Is Recruited in a Dopamine
Prelimbic to Accumbens Core Pathway Is Recruited in a Dopamine

... (McFarland et al., 2003; McLaughlin and See, 2003; Sun and Rebec, 2003; Stefanik and Kalivas, 2013; Stefanik et al., 2013); however, recent evidence indicates that only subpopulations of neurons within brain structures drive drug-seeking behaviors (Bossert et al., 2011; Cruz et al., 2013, 2014; Moor ...
Olfaction and the Chemical Senses
Olfaction and the Chemical Senses

... systems, where the patterns to be recognized require complex computational processes of reconstruction to convert the raw data from the receptors into a construct that is invariant enough from one exposure to a stimulus to the next so that recognition may take place, recognition cannot occur until s ...
The auditory cortex
The auditory cortex

Serotonergic Integration of Circadian Clock and Ultradian Sleep
Serotonergic Integration of Circadian Clock and Ultradian Sleep

... frontal cortex: 0.24 ⫾ 0.04 (before TSOI) versus 0.30 ⫾ 0.05 (after TSOI), 5 rats; t ⫽ 1.12, df ⫽ 4, paired t test, p ⫽ 0.33. D, The ultradian, state-dependent neuronal activity also remains unaffected by TSOI injection (6 h recording in BF). quantify rhythmicity during transient processes and indif ...
PDF - Journal of Neuroscience
PDF - Journal of Neuroscience

... Charles River Laboratories. Rats were tested at the University of Maryland in accordance with NIH and IACUC guidelines. Surgical procedures and histology. Surgical procedures followed guidelines for aseptic technique. Electrodes were manufactured and implanted ...
The Pedunculopontine Nucleus (PPN) in Parkinson`s Disease
The Pedunculopontine Nucleus (PPN) in Parkinson`s Disease

... responses, reward‐related responses PPN cells change firing rates and  patterns in the parkinsonian state,  become more entrained to motor  cortex Spectral changes in LFP signals very  variable PPN lesions in normal monkeys – reduce STN and SNr firing – cause poverty of movement in primates ...
melanogaster
melanogaster

... exhibit a boost in their response to visual motion during ight compared to quiescence. Pharmacological application of octopamine evokes responses in quiescent ies that mimic those observed during ight, and octopamine neurons that project to the optic lobes increase in activity during ight. Using ...
Differential Characteristics of Face Neuron Responses Within the
Differential Characteristics of Face Neuron Responses Within the

... The monkeys were trained to perform a version of a sequential delayed matching-to-sample task that requires the identification of a face (I-DMS task; Fig. 1A); this behavioral task was the same as that described in our preceding paper (Eifuku et al. 2004). In the I-DMS task, a sample (480 ms) stimul ...
INVESTIGATING THE SOPHISTICATION OF LONG-LATENCY UPPER LIMB
INVESTIGATING THE SOPHISTICATION OF LONG-LATENCY UPPER LIMB

... voluntary motor behaviour involves the sophisticated manipulation of sensory feedback. Although this theory can explain how people move in the world, it does not specifically describe how this control process is implemented by the nervous system. In this thesis, we propose and explore one physiologi ...
L1CAM/Neuroglian controls the axon–axon interactions establishing
L1CAM/Neuroglian controls the axon–axon interactions establishing

... never failed to grow out or to enter the pedunculus, and we observed only minor branching defects in agreement with prior observations (Fig. 2, A–C, J; Goossens et al., 2011). To address whether Nrg is potentially required for the coordination of larger population of axons or for the interaction bet ...
The mirror neuron system and its role in learning Master`s thesis by
The mirror neuron system and its role in learning Master`s thesis by

Cell-intrinsic drivers of dendrite morphogenesis
Cell-intrinsic drivers of dendrite morphogenesis

... In addition to controlling the specificity of dendrite patterning, cell-intrinsic mechanisms also coordinate the timing of dendrite morphogenesis. Neonatal RGCs rapidly lose the ability to extend axons upon the onset of dendrite development (Goldberg et al., 2002; Goldberg, 2004). Furthermore, RGCs ...
Spinal nerve
Spinal nerve

... Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve Femoral nerve Obturator nerve ...
Contents
Contents

Autometallographic Tracing of Bismuth in Human Brain Autopsies
Autometallographic Tracing of Bismuth in Human Brain Autopsies

... It has been demonstrated that bismuth can penetrate the blood barrier (4, 5, 12, 14, 15, 18), and bismuth has been shown to cause selective degeneration of CA1 neurons in hippocampal brain slices (11). Although some of the patients analyzed in the present study had ingested high doses of bismuth for ...
Nicotine excites hypothalamic arcuate anorexigenic
Nicotine excites hypothalamic arcuate anorexigenic

... 1 ␮M ACh evoked a membrane depolarization of 3.2 ⫾ 0.6 mV (n ⫽ 6; Fig. 3A, left) and 100 ␮M ACh evoked a depolarization of 8.8 ⫾ 0.6 mV (n ⫽ 6; Fig. 3A, right). We then studied the pharmacology of the nicotine receptors in POMC neurons. The experiments were conducted in the presence of TTX (0.5 ␮M). ...
The architectural balance of the Ventral Nerve Cord depends
The architectural balance of the Ventral Nerve Cord depends

... Ramón y Cajal (Cajal, 1899). Wiring cost arises from metabolic requirements, signal delay and attenuation, and possible guidance defects (Tessier-Lavigne & Goodman, 1996). Whatever the origin of the wiring cost, it increases with the distance between connected neurons. Among various functionally equ ...
The Reorganization of Primary Auditory Cortex by Invasion of
The Reorganization of Primary Auditory Cortex by Invasion of

... volume of LGN and the lateral posterior nuclei of the thalamus (Restrepo et al. 2002). In contrast to the effects of loss of sensory input, sensory experience can increase the volume of related brain regions. Hippocampus is associated with spatial navigation. A study using Magnetic Resonance Imagin ...


... Caudal medial and orbitofrontal cortices receive input from cortical and subcortical structures associated with emotions, autonomic function and long-term memory, while lateral prefrontal cortices are linked with structures associated with working memory. With the aid of neural tracers we investigat ...
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... strategy  approach  to  maximize  reward  and  minimize  costs;  otherwise,  competitive   opponents  can  exploit  predictable  choice  patterns.  This  thesis  tested  the  hypothesis   that  the  frontal  eye  field  (FEF)  are  involved   ...
studies on the myoneural physiology of echinodermata
studies on the myoneural physiology of echinodermata

... characteristics of a slow response. In any one preparation both 'spontaneous' and electrically released slow contractions are identical, but there is considerable variation in the quantitative details of a slow contraction from preparation to preparation. This variability is found, moreover, neither ...
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Central pattern generator

Central pattern generators (CPGs) are biological neural networks that produce rhythmic patterned outputs without sensory feedback. CPGs have been shown to produce rhythmic outputs resembling normal ""rhythmic motor pattern production"" even in isolation from motor and sensory feedback from limbs and other muscle targets. To be classified as a rhythmic generator, a CPG requires:1. ""two or more processes that interact such that each process sequentially increases and decreases, and 2. that, as a result of this interaction, the system repeatedly returns to its starting condition.
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