Altered fear learning across development in both mouse and human
... PSYCHOLOGICAL AND COGNITIVE SCIENCES ...
... PSYCHOLOGICAL AND COGNITIVE SCIENCES ...
Neurons, Brain Chemistry, and Neurotransmission
... Different neurotransmitters fulfill different functions in the brain. Some neurotransmitters act to stimulate the firing of a postsynaptic neuron. Neurotransmitters that act this way are called excitatory neurotransmitters because they lead to changes that generate an action potential in the respond ...
... Different neurotransmitters fulfill different functions in the brain. Some neurotransmitters act to stimulate the firing of a postsynaptic neuron. Neurotransmitters that act this way are called excitatory neurotransmitters because they lead to changes that generate an action potential in the respond ...
Epileptiform Activity Can Be Initiated in Various Neocortical Layers
... cerebral spinal fluid containing nominally zero magnesium. The neocortical slices (400-mm thick) were harvested from Sprague-Dawley rats (P21–28). Optical imaging was made by using a high speed photodiode array. Spontaneous epileptiform activity emerged 20 – 40 min after the preparation was perfused ...
... cerebral spinal fluid containing nominally zero magnesium. The neocortical slices (400-mm thick) were harvested from Sprague-Dawley rats (P21–28). Optical imaging was made by using a high speed photodiode array. Spontaneous epileptiform activity emerged 20 – 40 min after the preparation was perfused ...
Cerebellar control of visceral responses–possible mechanisms
... active, they are subject to fastigial suppression leading to motility increases. If, however, no such spinal sympathetic reflex activity is going on, the same fastigial stimulation may now depress motility by enhancing the inhibitory adrenergic discharge. Hence, when the cerebellar influence on auto ...
... active, they are subject to fastigial suppression leading to motility increases. If, however, no such spinal sympathetic reflex activity is going on, the same fastigial stimulation may now depress motility by enhancing the inhibitory adrenergic discharge. Hence, when the cerebellar influence on auto ...
Sleep/Neurology-The Orexin System
... ‡‡Liguori C, Romigi A, Nuccetelli M, et al. Orexinergic System Dysregulation, Sleep Impairment, and Cognitive Decline in Alzheimer Disease. JAMA Neuro. 2014;71(12):1498-1505. ...
... ‡‡Liguori C, Romigi A, Nuccetelli M, et al. Orexinergic System Dysregulation, Sleep Impairment, and Cognitive Decline in Alzheimer Disease. JAMA Neuro. 2014;71(12):1498-1505. ...
Sprecher_2011_larval.. - Institute of Neuroinformatics
... one domain innervated by PRs and one devoid of PR axons. The topology of PR projections, in particular the relationship between Rh5 and Rh6 afferents, is maintained from the nerve entering the brain to the axon terminals. The target neurons can be subdivided according to neurotransmitter or neuropep ...
... one domain innervated by PRs and one devoid of PR axons. The topology of PR projections, in particular the relationship between Rh5 and Rh6 afferents, is maintained from the nerve entering the brain to the axon terminals. The target neurons can be subdivided according to neurotransmitter or neuropep ...
Cystatin C prevents degeneration of rat nigral dopaminergic neurons
... Destruction of nigrostriatal dopaminergic (DA) pathway triggers various persistent responses, such as inflammation and increased synthesis of neural growth factors, both in striatum and in substantia nigra. The pathological processes involved in such responses are poorly characterized and could cont ...
... Destruction of nigrostriatal dopaminergic (DA) pathway triggers various persistent responses, such as inflammation and increased synthesis of neural growth factors, both in striatum and in substantia nigra. The pathological processes involved in such responses are poorly characterized and could cont ...
PDF - Department of Neurobiology and Behavior
... shifted data. P values for the rate minimum and maximum of the real data set were calculated by analyzing the frequency with which shifted data sets generated larger maxima or smaller minima in firing rates. Maximal rate increases and decreases with P values ⬍0.05 were considered significant. The am ...
... shifted data. P values for the rate minimum and maximum of the real data set were calculated by analyzing the frequency with which shifted data sets generated larger maxima or smaller minima in firing rates. Maximal rate increases and decreases with P values ⬍0.05 were considered significant. The am ...
General Cortical and Special Prefrontal Connections: Principles
... far from each other and are architectonically distinct, but they have in common the simplest types of laminar structure (Figure 1c, i, c, ii). Neuronal density per unit volume is often a reliable indicator of type for sensory and association cortices. Other architectonic parameters also help describ ...
... far from each other and are architectonically distinct, but they have in common the simplest types of laminar structure (Figure 1c, i, c, ii). Neuronal density per unit volume is often a reliable indicator of type for sensory and association cortices. Other architectonic parameters also help describ ...
Neural correlates of positive and negative performance feedback in
... negative feedback than during positive (e.g., [9-11]). On the other hand, Aron et al. [1] reported stronger midbrain activation during negative feedback than during positive, whereas positive feedback did not yield stronger activation than negative feedback. These heterogeneous results need further ...
... negative feedback than during positive (e.g., [9-11]). On the other hand, Aron et al. [1] reported stronger midbrain activation during negative feedback than during positive, whereas positive feedback did not yield stronger activation than negative feedback. These heterogeneous results need further ...
Martin, Neuroscientist 2005
... into spinal segments constrains which spinal circuits a corticospinal neuron can engage, and therefore the neuron’s functions. This level of corticospinal axon targeting is mediated by target-derived diffusible substances. Although this process is highly complex and well regulated, only coarse patte ...
... into spinal segments constrains which spinal circuits a corticospinal neuron can engage, and therefore the neuron’s functions. This level of corticospinal axon targeting is mediated by target-derived diffusible substances. Although this process is highly complex and well regulated, only coarse patte ...
The Dialectics of Hebb and Homeostasis within
... 2008; Keck et al., 2013; Hengen et al 2013). In the rodent V1 this process of rebalancing activity unfolds slowly, over a time scale of hours to days, which is likely fast enough to compensate for most perturbations these networks normally encounter during experience-dependent development. However, ...
... 2008; Keck et al., 2013; Hengen et al 2013). In the rodent V1 this process of rebalancing activity unfolds slowly, over a time scale of hours to days, which is likely fast enough to compensate for most perturbations these networks normally encounter during experience-dependent development. However, ...
On the Decision Boundaries of Hyperbolic Neurons
... Yperbolic neural network as has been proposed in 2000 [1] is one possible extension of usual realvalued neural networks to two dimensions. It is based on hyperbolic numbers which are a counterpart to complex numbers. Complex–valued neural networks have found many applications in recent years [3]. De ...
... Yperbolic neural network as has been proposed in 2000 [1] is one possible extension of usual realvalued neural networks to two dimensions. It is based on hyperbolic numbers which are a counterpart to complex numbers. Complex–valued neural networks have found many applications in recent years [3]. De ...
Higginbotham H, Eom TY, Mariani LE, Bachleda A, Hirt J, Gukassyan V, Cusack CL, Lai C, Caspary T, Anton ES. Developmental Cell. 2012, Nov 13 23(5):925-38. Arl13b in primary cilia regulates the migration and placement of interneurons in the developing cerebral cortex.
... (A and B) GFP-labeled coronal hemisections show interneuron migration defects in Arl13bLox/Lox;Dlx5/6-CIE mutants, with clusters of cells stuck at the pallialsubpallial boundary (5B, arrow). (C and D) Loss of characteristic interneuronal migratory streams in Arl13bLox/Lox;Dlx5/6-CIE cortex. Arrowhea ...
... (A and B) GFP-labeled coronal hemisections show interneuron migration defects in Arl13bLox/Lox;Dlx5/6-CIE mutants, with clusters of cells stuck at the pallialsubpallial boundary (5B, arrow). (C and D) Loss of characteristic interneuronal migratory streams in Arl13bLox/Lox;Dlx5/6-CIE cortex. Arrowhea ...
Full-Text PDF
... Recently, we showed that knockdown of VGLUT1 in individual cortical neurons results in cell-autonomous reductions in the synaptic expression of both SV and AZ proteins [15]. In this case, it is unlikely that the observed effects were due to changes in network activity since VGLUT1 was knocked down i ...
... Recently, we showed that knockdown of VGLUT1 in individual cortical neurons results in cell-autonomous reductions in the synaptic expression of both SV and AZ proteins [15]. In this case, it is unlikely that the observed effects were due to changes in network activity since VGLUT1 was knocked down i ...
Vol 431 No 7010 pp723-882
... disorders. In the past decade, biological findings on dopamine function have been infused with concepts taken from computational theories of reinforcement learning. These more abstract approaches have now been applied to describe the biological algorithms at play in our brains when we form value jud ...
... disorders. In the past decade, biological findings on dopamine function have been infused with concepts taken from computational theories of reinforcement learning. These more abstract approaches have now been applied to describe the biological algorithms at play in our brains when we form value jud ...
kbook or W NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS
... Can we use what we know to control someone else’s brain? How likely is it that once we know exactly how the brain functions that we will be able to control another person’s brain? It sounds like science fiction, but we can actually do it right now, even with the limited knowledge we have. Transcrani ...
... Can we use what we know to control someone else’s brain? How likely is it that once we know exactly how the brain functions that we will be able to control another person’s brain? It sounds like science fiction, but we can actually do it right now, even with the limited knowledge we have. Transcrani ...
Similarities between Severe Tinnitus and Chronic Pain
... neural plasticity that can be caused by altered balance between inhibition and excitation and by establishment of new neural pathways through opening of synapses that are normally ineffective (dormant) (Wall, 1977). Such changes in the nervous system may be more or less permanent. One strong indicat ...
... neural plasticity that can be caused by altered balance between inhibition and excitation and by establishment of new neural pathways through opening of synapses that are normally ineffective (dormant) (Wall, 1977). Such changes in the nervous system may be more or less permanent. One strong indicat ...
Learning-related postburst afterhyperpolarization reduction in CA1
... Transgenic mice with a constitutively active form of CREB have recently been shown to have CA1 pyramidal neurons with significantly reduced AHPs (28). Interestingly, EBC is also significantly impaired by disruption of the cAMP/PKA pathway in the cerebellum (29), a structure known to be critically in ...
... Transgenic mice with a constitutively active form of CREB have recently been shown to have CA1 pyramidal neurons with significantly reduced AHPs (28). Interestingly, EBC is also significantly impaired by disruption of the cAMP/PKA pathway in the cerebellum (29), a structure known to be critically in ...
