Learning-related postburst afterhyperpolarization reduction in CA1
... Transgenic mice with a constitutively active form of CREB have recently been shown to have CA1 pyramidal neurons with significantly reduced AHPs (28). Interestingly, EBC is also significantly impaired by disruption of the cAMP/PKA pathway in the cerebellum (29), a structure known to be critically in ...
... Transgenic mice with a constitutively active form of CREB have recently been shown to have CA1 pyramidal neurons with significantly reduced AHPs (28). Interestingly, EBC is also significantly impaired by disruption of the cAMP/PKA pathway in the cerebellum (29), a structure known to be critically in ...
Separate Representations of Target and Timing Cue Locations in
... recordings. Both areas were identified based on a combination of anatomical localization using an MRI scanned after the chamber placement surgery and observation of saccade-related activity at each recording location. We also performed low-threshold microstimulation to evoke saccades with monkey M t ...
... recordings. Both areas were identified based on a combination of anatomical localization using an MRI scanned after the chamber placement surgery and observation of saccade-related activity at each recording location. We also performed low-threshold microstimulation to evoke saccades with monkey M t ...
Kisspeptin Signaling Is Required for the Luteinizing Introduction of Males
... and GnRH neurons. Kisspeptin signaling is essential for GnRH secretion and reproduction [13,14]. In humans and mice, loss of function mutations in the kisspeptin receptor (Kiss1r) result in failure to progress through puberty and resultant infertility [14]. Kisspeptin stimulates LH secretion in a Gn ...
... and GnRH neurons. Kisspeptin signaling is essential for GnRH secretion and reproduction [13,14]. In humans and mice, loss of function mutations in the kisspeptin receptor (Kiss1r) result in failure to progress through puberty and resultant infertility [14]. Kisspeptin stimulates LH secretion in a Gn ...
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... adults have a diagnosable mental disorder for a given year . Based on the 2004 Census, this results in 57.7 million people requiring help for mental health disorders. The magnitude of the problem is huge and the cost to society in billions of dollars. Many of these disorders do not have definitive t ...
... adults have a diagnosable mental disorder for a given year . Based on the 2004 Census, this results in 57.7 million people requiring help for mental health disorders. The magnitude of the problem is huge and the cost to society in billions of dollars. Many of these disorders do not have definitive t ...
Physiological origins and functional correlates of EEG rhythmic
... of membrane potential oscillations in thalamic relay cells slows when hyperpolarization is increased. This finding raises the possibility that frequencies may gradually slow with the progressive withdrawal of excitatory inputs to thalamocortical circuits. We shall call this the "graded frequency gen ...
... of membrane potential oscillations in thalamic relay cells slows when hyperpolarization is increased. This finding raises the possibility that frequencies may gradually slow with the progressive withdrawal of excitatory inputs to thalamocortical circuits. We shall call this the "graded frequency gen ...
theta oscillation in the hippocampus
... synaptic potentials that entrain the discharge of neuronal populations within the D100–200 ms range. The cellular-synaptic generation of theta activity in the hippocampus was investigated by intracellular recordings from the somata and dendrites of CA1 pyramidal cells in urethaneanesthetized rats. T ...
... synaptic potentials that entrain the discharge of neuronal populations within the D100–200 ms range. The cellular-synaptic generation of theta activity in the hippocampus was investigated by intracellular recordings from the somata and dendrites of CA1 pyramidal cells in urethaneanesthetized rats. T ...
Reflex Testing in The Laboratory
... signals are sent out (motor or efferent; EE fair unt) to the effector organ. In simple stretch reflexes, only two neurons are involved: sensory and motor, graphic, above. In this figure, a stretch reflex is illustrated. The way it works is in this manner: 1) a tendon is stimulated (in this illustra ...
... signals are sent out (motor or efferent; EE fair unt) to the effector organ. In simple stretch reflexes, only two neurons are involved: sensory and motor, graphic, above. In this figure, a stretch reflex is illustrated. The way it works is in this manner: 1) a tendon is stimulated (in this illustra ...
View PDF - MRC Brain Network Dynamics Unit
... together these two systems mediate reward-related learning in basal ganglia circuits. Here, we addressed the potential contribution of cortical and thalamic excitatory inputs to the characteristic multiphasic responses of cholinergic interneurons in vivo. We first recorded and labeled individual cho ...
... together these two systems mediate reward-related learning in basal ganglia circuits. Here, we addressed the potential contribution of cortical and thalamic excitatory inputs to the characteristic multiphasic responses of cholinergic interneurons in vivo. We first recorded and labeled individual cho ...
Input-specific control of reward and aversion in the ventral tegmental
... medial prefrontal cortex as well as on GABAergic (c-aminobutyric-acid-containing) neurons in the rostromedial tegmental nucleus. These results establish that distinct VTA circuits generate reward and aversion, and thereby provide a new framework for understanding the circuit basis of adaptive and pa ...
... medial prefrontal cortex as well as on GABAergic (c-aminobutyric-acid-containing) neurons in the rostromedial tegmental nucleus. These results establish that distinct VTA circuits generate reward and aversion, and thereby provide a new framework for understanding the circuit basis of adaptive and pa ...
Axonal wiring of guanylate cyclase-D
... BamHI for Gucy2d, HindIII for Sema3b and BamHI for Sema3f and analyzed by Southern blot hybridization with a 5⬘ external probe for Gucy2d, and 3⬘ external probes for Sema3b and Sema3f. DNA of positive clones was digested with HindIII or EcoRI for Sema3b and Sema3f, respectively, and probed with 5⬘ e ...
... BamHI for Gucy2d, HindIII for Sema3b and BamHI for Sema3f and analyzed by Southern blot hybridization with a 5⬘ external probe for Gucy2d, and 3⬘ external probes for Sema3b and Sema3f. DNA of positive clones was digested with HindIII or EcoRI for Sema3b and Sema3f, respectively, and probed with 5⬘ e ...
Mammalian Models of CNS Regeneration - Wiley-VCH
... The mammalian spinal cord can be transected, contused or compressed to produce a lesion. Transection or partial transection lesions (Fig. 1.1) have the advantage that the site of initial injury can be accurately estimated. The lesion sites are filled with blood and macrophages and then invaded by men ...
... The mammalian spinal cord can be transected, contused or compressed to produce a lesion. Transection or partial transection lesions (Fig. 1.1) have the advantage that the site of initial injury can be accurately estimated. The lesion sites are filled with blood and macrophages and then invaded by men ...
Multisensory Integration in the Ventral Intraparietal Area of the
... spatially congruent. Interestingly, introducing spatial or temporal disparities between stimuli does not affect the sign or the magnitude of interactions but rather their occurrence. Multisensory stimulation also affects the neuronal response latencies of bimodal stimuli. For a given neuron, these a ...
... spatially congruent. Interestingly, introducing spatial or temporal disparities between stimuli does not affect the sign or the magnitude of interactions but rather their occurrence. Multisensory stimulation also affects the neuronal response latencies of bimodal stimuli. For a given neuron, these a ...
Okamoto Devel Neurbiol Review
... tion of neural circuits regulating monoaminergic systems. Fish and amphibian habenulae can be subdivided into dHb and vHb based on differences in cytoarchitecture (Braford and Northcutt, 1983; Kemali and Làzàr, 1985). The zebrafish dHb projects to the IPN (Aizawa et al., 2005; Gamse et al., 2005) a ...
... tion of neural circuits regulating monoaminergic systems. Fish and amphibian habenulae can be subdivided into dHb and vHb based on differences in cytoarchitecture (Braford and Northcutt, 1983; Kemali and Làzàr, 1985). The zebrafish dHb projects to the IPN (Aizawa et al., 2005; Gamse et al., 2005) a ...
Bridging Areas of Injury in the Spinal Cord
... myelinated axons and more spinal neurons extend axons into the graft (Table 1) (Fig. 8, top). Also, brainstem neurons respond (mean = 57); serotonergic and noradrenergic axons are found 2.0 to 2.5 mm into the graft. This is a significant finding because when peripheral nerve is implanted at the same ...
... myelinated axons and more spinal neurons extend axons into the graft (Table 1) (Fig. 8, top). Also, brainstem neurons respond (mean = 57); serotonergic and noradrenergic axons are found 2.0 to 2.5 mm into the graft. This is a significant finding because when peripheral nerve is implanted at the same ...
Circadian and histaminergic regulation of the sleep
... During 6-hours of sleep deprivation, the histamine release was constantly upregulated and comparable to its level during wakefulness, whereas when the sleep deprivation ceased, the release of histamine immediately dropped to the baseline level. Constant administration of histamine into the basal for ...
... During 6-hours of sleep deprivation, the histamine release was constantly upregulated and comparable to its level during wakefulness, whereas when the sleep deprivation ceased, the release of histamine immediately dropped to the baseline level. Constant administration of histamine into the basal for ...
the phase-space dynamics of systems of spiking neurons
... Science remained out of favor until the beginning of the Renaissance. In 1543 Andreas Vesalius published De Humani Corporis Fabrica that helped correct numerous misconceptions about the human anatomy that had prevailed for fifteen hundred years. The 1641 publication of René Descartes’ Meditationes ...
... Science remained out of favor until the beginning of the Renaissance. In 1543 Andreas Vesalius published De Humani Corporis Fabrica that helped correct numerous misconceptions about the human anatomy that had prevailed for fifteen hundred years. The 1641 publication of René Descartes’ Meditationes ...
Distribution of Agrin mRNAs in the Chick Embryo Nervous System
... agrin-like molecules on the surface of the motor axon (Cohen and Godfrey, 1992). Thus, agrin appears to be involved in neuromuscular synaptogenesis from the time axons contact muscle cells. In addition to agrin’s localization in the synaptic basal lamina, agrin-like proteins are also present in most ...
... agrin-like molecules on the surface of the motor axon (Cohen and Godfrey, 1992). Thus, agrin appears to be involved in neuromuscular synaptogenesis from the time axons contact muscle cells. In addition to agrin’s localization in the synaptic basal lamina, agrin-like proteins are also present in most ...
Binding and Cytotoxic Effects of Clostdium botulinum Type A, C1
... studied the activity of crude type A toxin in synaptosomes prepared from brains of guinea-pigs. They found that toxin did not reduce the formation of acetylcholine, but depressed its release. Bigalke et al. (1978) first examined the effect of the toxin (crystalline type A toxin, M , 900000) on prima ...
... studied the activity of crude type A toxin in synaptosomes prepared from brains of guinea-pigs. They found that toxin did not reduce the formation of acetylcholine, but depressed its release. Bigalke et al. (1978) first examined the effect of the toxin (crystalline type A toxin, M , 900000) on prima ...
The Big Picture File
... Consists of cranial and spinal nerves - connected to the central nervous system 12 pairs of cranial nerves arising from the base of the brain (I, II, III, IV… XII) 31 pairs of spinal nerves, numbered according to the level of the spinal cord from which it arises Cranial and spinal nerves form a netw ...
... Consists of cranial and spinal nerves - connected to the central nervous system 12 pairs of cranial nerves arising from the base of the brain (I, II, III, IV… XII) 31 pairs of spinal nerves, numbered according to the level of the spinal cord from which it arises Cranial and spinal nerves form a netw ...
From Lesions to Leptin: Review Hypothalamic Control of Food
... body weight compared to wild-type control mice (Shimada et al., 1998). Hence, it now seems likely that these specific populations of peptidergic neurons represent ...
... body weight compared to wild-type control mice (Shimada et al., 1998). Hence, it now seems likely that these specific populations of peptidergic neurons represent ...
