Patterns of sensory intermodality relationships in the cerebral cortex
... areas was determined according to Nissl stain cytoarchitecture (Welker, '71, '76; Welker and Sinha, '721, and by the lateral callosal band of labeling through which the border passed (Figs. 2B,C; Olavarria et al., '84). The medial border of area S1 was also delineated by bands of dense callosal labe ...
... areas was determined according to Nissl stain cytoarchitecture (Welker, '71, '76; Welker and Sinha, '721, and by the lateral callosal band of labeling through which the border passed (Figs. 2B,C; Olavarria et al., '84). The medial border of area S1 was also delineated by bands of dense callosal labe ...
Role of the basal ganglia in conditional associative learning
... In the typical course of daily events, we make a variety of body movements on the basis of what we sense in our environment. Often, we gaze at an object present in our peripersonnal space (e.g. a cup of coffee), attend to its features and place, reach toward it, and grasp it. Such movements were ter ...
... In the typical course of daily events, we make a variety of body movements on the basis of what we sense in our environment. Often, we gaze at an object present in our peripersonnal space (e.g. a cup of coffee), attend to its features and place, reach toward it, and grasp it. Such movements were ter ...
Changes in Intracellular pH Associated with Glutamate Excitotoxicity
... Na+ with N-methyl-glucamine+ (NMG+), retarded the rate of recovery from GLU-induced acidification. The rapid acidification and rebound alkalinization could be mimicked by challenging neurons with elevated external K+ or replacement of external Na+ with NMG+. Two or more hours following toxic GLU exp ...
... Na+ with N-methyl-glucamine+ (NMG+), retarded the rate of recovery from GLU-induced acidification. The rapid acidification and rebound alkalinization could be mimicked by challenging neurons with elevated external K+ or replacement of external Na+ with NMG+. Two or more hours following toxic GLU exp ...
The dynamics of visual responses in the primary visual cortex
... spatial strength of connections between neurons is taken to be the spatial density of synaptic connections revealed by anatomical investigations of cortex (e.g., Lund, 1988; Callaway, 1998). This model causes significant sharpening of orientation selectivity of V1 neurons compared to their feedforwar ...
... spatial strength of connections between neurons is taken to be the spatial density of synaptic connections revealed by anatomical investigations of cortex (e.g., Lund, 1988; Callaway, 1998). This model causes significant sharpening of orientation selectivity of V1 neurons compared to their feedforwar ...
Musculo-Skeletal Mechanics
... length is not altered - the muscle is activated, but the joint over which the muscle works does not move. One example of this is holding a heavy object in the hand with the elbow held stationary and bent at 90 degrees. Trying to lift something that proves to be too heavy to move is another example. ...
... length is not altered - the muscle is activated, but the joint over which the muscle works does not move. One example of this is holding a heavy object in the hand with the elbow held stationary and bent at 90 degrees. Trying to lift something that proves to be too heavy to move is another example. ...
- Wiley Online Library
... weeks (Davis et al., 1990). Retrograde labeling studies show a strict correlation of coordinated swimming with regrowth of the descending supraspinal axons to the level of the lumbar enlargement (Davis et al., 1990). Experiments following regeneration for periods of 6 months or less routinely report ...
... weeks (Davis et al., 1990). Retrograde labeling studies show a strict correlation of coordinated swimming with regrowth of the descending supraspinal axons to the level of the lumbar enlargement (Davis et al., 1990). Experiments following regeneration for periods of 6 months or less routinely report ...
BMC Neuroscience Serial pathways from primate prefrontal cortex to autonomic areas
... the same hypothalamic site, revealed by labeled projection neurons in its basal complex, and in the medial, central, and cortical nuclei (Fig. 2F). We confirmed these findings in another case by placing a retrograde tracer in the lateral hypothalamic area (Fig. 3C; Table 1, case AW). We mapped proje ...
... the same hypothalamic site, revealed by labeled projection neurons in its basal complex, and in the medial, central, and cortical nuclei (Fig. 2F). We confirmed these findings in another case by placing a retrograde tracer in the lateral hypothalamic area (Fig. 3C; Table 1, case AW). We mapped proje ...
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... receptive Welds to decrease by more than 20%. Pairing NB stimulation with sounds that are modulated and vary in their carrier frequency results in intermediate receptive Weld plasticity (35% increase in bandwidth). These results suggest that release of acetylcholine marks certain sounds as behaviora ...
... receptive Welds to decrease by more than 20%. Pairing NB stimulation with sounds that are modulated and vary in their carrier frequency results in intermediate receptive Weld plasticity (35% increase in bandwidth). These results suggest that release of acetylcholine marks certain sounds as behaviora ...
Three-dimensional organization of dendrites and local axon
... i.e., the medium-sized spiny projection neurons (MSN) appear to have a much less clearly ordered geometry than the cortical pyramidal neurons. However, Walker et al. (1993) described a preferred orientation of the dendritic arbors of MSN in the primate striatum along a rostral– dorsal–medial to caud ...
... i.e., the medium-sized spiny projection neurons (MSN) appear to have a much less clearly ordered geometry than the cortical pyramidal neurons. However, Walker et al. (1993) described a preferred orientation of the dendritic arbors of MSN in the primate striatum along a rostral– dorsal–medial to caud ...
cellular mechanisms of classical and operant conditioning A model
... movements in response to inedible or distasteful objects taken into the buccal cavity (Morton and Chiel 1993a). During rejection, the two halves of the radula are closed as the odontophore protracts toward the mouth and they are open as the odontophore retracts, which ejects the inedible object from ...
... movements in response to inedible or distasteful objects taken into the buccal cavity (Morton and Chiel 1993a). During rejection, the two halves of the radula are closed as the odontophore protracts toward the mouth and they are open as the odontophore retracts, which ejects the inedible object from ...
Efficient Pseudorandom Generators Based on the DDH Assumption
... uniformly distributed random bits into a longer sequence of bits that cannot be distinguished from uniformly random by a computationally bounded algorithm. It is known that a pseudorandom generator can be constructed from any one-way function [27]. Thus, intractability of the discrete logarithm prob ...
... uniformly distributed random bits into a longer sequence of bits that cannot be distinguished from uniformly random by a computationally bounded algorithm. It is known that a pseudorandom generator can be constructed from any one-way function [27]. Thus, intractability of the discrete logarithm prob ...
Update on models of basal ganglia function and dysfunction
... Finally, while the original model emphasized the separation of basal ganglia and cerebellar cortical-subcortical circuits, recent evidence indicates that cerebellar output reaches the striatum via the thalamus [8], and that basal ganglia output from the STN reaches the cerebellum [9]. There is also ...
... Finally, while the original model emphasized the separation of basal ganglia and cerebellar cortical-subcortical circuits, recent evidence indicates that cerebellar output reaches the striatum via the thalamus [8], and that basal ganglia output from the STN reaches the cerebellum [9]. There is also ...
The Face as a Sensory Organ
... cutaneous stimulation increases the intensity of estimates of the olfactory system.7 It has also been reported that facial skin cooling decreases the heart rate and increases blood pressure.8 Finally, normal sensory pathways allow to draw pleasure and satisfaction when exposed to external stimuli.9 ...
... cutaneous stimulation increases the intensity of estimates of the olfactory system.7 It has also been reported that facial skin cooling decreases the heart rate and increases blood pressure.8 Finally, normal sensory pathways allow to draw pleasure and satisfaction when exposed to external stimuli.9 ...
- Journal of Vestibular Research
... "intrinsic mechanism hypothesis," a new hypothesis of vestibular compensation, the behavioral recovery that follows unilateral deafferentation of the vestibular labyrinth (UVD). The most salient characteristic of vestibular compensation is the decrease in the severity of the static ocular motor and ...
... "intrinsic mechanism hypothesis," a new hypothesis of vestibular compensation, the behavioral recovery that follows unilateral deafferentation of the vestibular labyrinth (UVD). The most salient characteristic of vestibular compensation is the decrease in the severity of the static ocular motor and ...
(2012) Prediction of economic choice by primate amygdala neurons
... predict upcoming left or right eye movements, and it was independent of visual cue position or reaction time (Fig. 2 D, G, and H). Taken together, the neuron’s response predicted the behavioral choice to save or spend irrespective of value, action, and other measured choice parameters. Of 846 task-r ...
... predict upcoming left or right eye movements, and it was independent of visual cue position or reaction time (Fig. 2 D, G, and H). Taken together, the neuron’s response predicted the behavioral choice to save or spend irrespective of value, action, and other measured choice parameters. Of 846 task-r ...
Perception Spike Timing-Dependent Plasticity: From Synapse to
... For neural circuits in vivo, however, spiking in both preand postsynaptic cells is likely to be irregular (98), with occasional high-frequency bursts. How well does the STDP window (Fig. 1) account for the effects of complex spike trains? Do all the pre/post spike pairs contribute independently to l ...
... For neural circuits in vivo, however, spiking in both preand postsynaptic cells is likely to be irregular (98), with occasional high-frequency bursts. How well does the STDP window (Fig. 1) account for the effects of complex spike trains? Do all the pre/post spike pairs contribute independently to l ...
Segundo trabajo
... In order to identify which intracellular pathways were activated by GDNF in striatal neurons, medium was removed on 3DIV and replaced by N2-supplemented medium to deprive cells for 3 hours before GDNF (50 ng/ml) addition. Phosphop42/p44 levels rose sharply (by 2-fold, Fig. 1A) five minutes after GDN ...
... In order to identify which intracellular pathways were activated by GDNF in striatal neurons, medium was removed on 3DIV and replaced by N2-supplemented medium to deprive cells for 3 hours before GDNF (50 ng/ml) addition. Phosphop42/p44 levels rose sharply (by 2-fold, Fig. 1A) five minutes after GDN ...
Complete morphologies of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons in
... structure called an axon that carries the electrical signals generated in the cell body and the dendrites to the next neuron in the network. One of the most studied networks in the human brain is the basal forebrain network, which is made up of large neurons that communicate with one another using a ...
... structure called an axon that carries the electrical signals generated in the cell body and the dendrites to the next neuron in the network. One of the most studied networks in the human brain is the basal forebrain network, which is made up of large neurons that communicate with one another using a ...
Investigating Anatomical and Molecular Aspects of
... While MS are classically understood to oversee length changes in skeletal muscle, GTOs are known for increased activity during active muscle contraction and thus contribute to proprioception through monitoring force of muscle contraction. When a muscle is stretched, or lengthened, a degree of passiv ...
... While MS are classically understood to oversee length changes in skeletal muscle, GTOs are known for increased activity during active muscle contraction and thus contribute to proprioception through monitoring force of muscle contraction. When a muscle is stretched, or lengthened, a degree of passiv ...
Pathfinding by cranial nerve VII (facial) motorneurons
... molecules that are fixed in place, or they could exist as diffusible molecules. In order to function as a guidance cue, immobilized molecules would be expected to be distributed in a restricted spatial pattern, and diffusible molecules in a gradient. Evidence that both these types of guidance cues m ...
... molecules that are fixed in place, or they could exist as diffusible molecules. In order to function as a guidance cue, immobilized molecules would be expected to be distributed in a restricted spatial pattern, and diffusible molecules in a gradient. Evidence that both these types of guidance cues m ...
studying the isolated central nervous system
... Glen Cottrell measured the levels of ACh and 5HT in the snail brain; Christine Sedden used the Falck Hillarp method for the identification of Helix neurons containing 5HT and dopamine and also measured the dopamine content in the Helix brain; Janet Loker showed that many snail neurons that contained ...
... Glen Cottrell measured the levels of ACh and 5HT in the snail brain; Christine Sedden used the Falck Hillarp method for the identification of Helix neurons containing 5HT and dopamine and also measured the dopamine content in the Helix brain; Janet Loker showed that many snail neurons that contained ...
ch_16_lecture_presentation
... 1. Most often, these two divisions have opposing effects • If the sympathetic division causes excitation, the ...
... 1. Most often, these two divisions have opposing effects • If the sympathetic division causes excitation, the ...