(2007) The most superficial sublamina of rat superior colluculus
... the damage area, no sutures were needed. The animal was allowed to recover from the anesthesia, returned to its home cage, and rested before being used for further recording sessions (up to five separated by 3– 4 days). In six animals the primary visual cortex (V1) was ablated to study the effects o ...
... the damage area, no sutures were needed. The animal was allowed to recover from the anesthesia, returned to its home cage, and rested before being used for further recording sessions (up to five separated by 3– 4 days). In six animals the primary visual cortex (V1) was ablated to study the effects o ...
A transcription factor network controls cell migration
... (Turner and Cepko, 1987). While numerous genes that govern this process have been uncovered, precise mechanisms that produce different neuron types remain elusive (for review see Cepko, 2014). ...
... (Turner and Cepko, 1987). While numerous genes that govern this process have been uncovered, precise mechanisms that produce different neuron types remain elusive (for review see Cepko, 2014). ...
PRIMARY VISUAL CORTEX NEURONS THAT CONTRIBUTE TO
... temporal frequency were systematically varied to quantitatively determine the neuron’s preferred tuning characteristics. For all neurons reported in this experiment, their CRF locations were within central 10° and CRF diameters ranged from 0.6° to 1.5°. The CRF of each neuron recorded was classified ...
... temporal frequency were systematically varied to quantitatively determine the neuron’s preferred tuning characteristics. For all neurons reported in this experiment, their CRF locations were within central 10° and CRF diameters ranged from 0.6° to 1.5°. The CRF of each neuron recorded was classified ...
Mechanisms of excitability in the central and peripheral nervous
... function and in pathological conditions. For hippocampus the normal function includes changes in excitability linked to learning and memory. However, it also is intimately linked to pathological increases in excitability observed in epilepsy. In C–fibers, excitability controls sensitivity to respons ...
... function and in pathological conditions. For hippocampus the normal function includes changes in excitability linked to learning and memory. However, it also is intimately linked to pathological increases in excitability observed in epilepsy. In C–fibers, excitability controls sensitivity to respons ...
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... tones was fixed for each animal (5, 7.5, and 15 pps, n ⫽ 4, 2, and 4 rats, respectively). All tones had 3-ms onset and offset ramps. The tones paired with BF stimulation were 250 ms in duration except for the tone trains that were composed of 25-ms tones. To establish the specificity of BF pairing, ...
... tones was fixed for each animal (5, 7.5, and 15 pps, n ⫽ 4, 2, and 4 rats, respectively). All tones had 3-ms onset and offset ramps. The tones paired with BF stimulation were 250 ms in duration except for the tone trains that were composed of 25-ms tones. To establish the specificity of BF pairing, ...
Spike-based Winner-Take-All Computation in a Multi
... by quantifying the performance of a simple spike-based neuronal network, a winner-take-all. This network computes a MAX operation with respect to the statistical properties of its inputs. We will reduce the network to a maximally simplified, minimalistic form that captures the essence of this spike- ...
... by quantifying the performance of a simple spike-based neuronal network, a winner-take-all. This network computes a MAX operation with respect to the statistical properties of its inputs. We will reduce the network to a maximally simplified, minimalistic form that captures the essence of this spike- ...
Characterization of peripheral osmoreceptors - diss.fu
... glucose and many others. The osmolality of the ECF is a measure of the concentration of each of these substances and is defined as the number of moles of the chemical compounds in solution per kilogram of solvent. Loss or gain of systemic water or electrolytes results in changes in ECF osmolality wh ...
... glucose and many others. The osmolality of the ECF is a measure of the concentration of each of these substances and is defined as the number of moles of the chemical compounds in solution per kilogram of solvent. Loss or gain of systemic water or electrolytes results in changes in ECF osmolality wh ...
Macrophages Promote Axon Regeneration with Concurrent Neurotoxicity
... Figure 3. Zymosan-activated macrophages modify the surrounding microenvironment creating passages for axon growth. A, B, A three-dimensional (3D) schematic showing the formation of a graded column of activated microglia and macrophages emanating from a zymosan injection site (A, B, D, green). Phagoc ...
... Figure 3. Zymosan-activated macrophages modify the surrounding microenvironment creating passages for axon growth. A, B, A three-dimensional (3D) schematic showing the formation of a graded column of activated microglia and macrophages emanating from a zymosan injection site (A, B, D, green). Phagoc ...
World of Children 1st ed
... Preterm: birth before 37 weeks or more than 3 weeks before EDD. 11% of babies 67% of infant deaths in U.S. Many go on to develop normally Low Birth Weight: babies weighing less than 5 ½ lbs at birth 7.6 % of babies 13% are African American women U.S. ranks in 17th w/in industrialized cou ...
... Preterm: birth before 37 weeks or more than 3 weeks before EDD. 11% of babies 67% of infant deaths in U.S. Many go on to develop normally Low Birth Weight: babies weighing less than 5 ½ lbs at birth 7.6 % of babies 13% are African American women U.S. ranks in 17th w/in industrialized cou ...
166 - UCSF Physiology - University of California, San Francisco
... vast majority of the neurons are positive for -galactosidase except for a few presumable inhibitory neurons (arrowhead in b). cause only one allele needs to be recom- d–f, Confocal micrographs of neurons from the same region stained for -galactosidase (green) and the inhibitory neuron marker bined ...
... vast majority of the neurons are positive for -galactosidase except for a few presumable inhibitory neurons (arrowhead in b). cause only one allele needs to be recom- d–f, Confocal micrographs of neurons from the same region stained for -galactosidase (green) and the inhibitory neuron marker bined ...
Neural correlates of odor learning in the honeybee antennal lobe
... other 82%, the signal-to-noise ratio was lower and spikes occurred with different amplitudes (Fig. 1c). In such cases it was not possible to separate spike forms unambiguously due to the noise of our recordings, and a threshold level was chosen that may have included the spikes of more than one form ...
... other 82%, the signal-to-noise ratio was lower and spikes occurred with different amplitudes (Fig. 1c). In such cases it was not possible to separate spike forms unambiguously due to the noise of our recordings, and a threshold level was chosen that may have included the spikes of more than one form ...
Pleiotrophin is a Neurotrophic Factor for Spinal Motor Neurons
... of the explants (Fig. 2). In fact, the motor axons formed ‘‘miniventral rootlets.’’ This pattern of motor axon outgrowth was not seen with gelfoams soaked with the vehicle. In similar experiments, parallel results were observed when the source of PTN was HEK293PTN cells, but not when the HEK-293vect ...
... of the explants (Fig. 2). In fact, the motor axons formed ‘‘miniventral rootlets.’’ This pattern of motor axon outgrowth was not seen with gelfoams soaked with the vehicle. In similar experiments, parallel results were observed when the source of PTN was HEK293PTN cells, but not when the HEK-293vect ...
(jns-object). - The Computational Neurobiology Laboratory
... activity correlated with natural movements might be constrained by geometry. The basic theory, although essentially linear, can account for several key features of diverse neurophysiological results and generates strong predictions that are testable with current experimental techniques. An emerging ...
... activity correlated with natural movements might be constrained by geometry. The basic theory, although essentially linear, can account for several key features of diverse neurophysiological results and generates strong predictions that are testable with current experimental techniques. An emerging ...
Thalamic POm projections to the dorsolateral striatum of rats
... Power spectra dominated by 1–2 Hz were observed during deep anesthesia when the rat was unresponsive to noxious stimuli. As ketamine and xylazine were metabolized, the power spectra shifted to frequencies of 5–7 Hz, which indicates a lightly anesthetized state (Friedberg et al. 1999). In this state, ...
... Power spectra dominated by 1–2 Hz were observed during deep anesthesia when the rat was unresponsive to noxious stimuli. As ketamine and xylazine were metabolized, the power spectra shifted to frequencies of 5–7 Hz, which indicates a lightly anesthetized state (Friedberg et al. 1999). In this state, ...
jneurosci.org - INI Institute of Neuroinformatics
... arborizations and bouton formation (see Fig. 1). These “patches” have a high bouton density relative to the surrounding zone, and the density distribution therefore resembles a mountain-like landscape, where the mountain peaks indicate the regions of high bouton density, and the different regions ar ...
... arborizations and bouton formation (see Fig. 1). These “patches” have a high bouton density relative to the surrounding zone, and the density distribution therefore resembles a mountain-like landscape, where the mountain peaks indicate the regions of high bouton density, and the different regions ar ...
Motif distribution, dynamical properties, and computational
... ‘‘neural users”, i.e., to pyramidal neurons in layer 2/3 (which typically project to higher cortical areas) and to pyramidal neurons in layer 5 (which typically project to lower cortical areas or to subcortical structures, but also project for example from V1 back to nonspecific thalamus, i.e. to the ...
... ‘‘neural users”, i.e., to pyramidal neurons in layer 2/3 (which typically project to higher cortical areas) and to pyramidal neurons in layer 5 (which typically project to lower cortical areas or to subcortical structures, but also project for example from V1 back to nonspecific thalamus, i.e. to the ...
Potential switch from eupnea to fictive gasping after blockade of
... Hypoxia or ischemia suppresses inhibitory synaptic transmission within the brain stem (33, 36). There is also evidence that hypoxia induces gasping through both a direct modulation of channel conductances and alteration of ionic homeostasis in the extracellular environment. Specifically, hypoxia sup ...
... Hypoxia or ischemia suppresses inhibitory synaptic transmission within the brain stem (33, 36). There is also evidence that hypoxia induces gasping through both a direct modulation of channel conductances and alteration of ionic homeostasis in the extracellular environment. Specifically, hypoxia sup ...
High baseline activity in inferior temporal cortex
... baseline activity predicts the behavioral performance (Ress et al., 2000; Fox et al., 2007; Hesselmann et al., 2008; Scholvinck et al., 2012). The results of these electrophysiological and neuroimaging studies have changed the traditional view in which the baseline activity was considered noise. How ...
... baseline activity predicts the behavioral performance (Ress et al., 2000; Fox et al., 2007; Hesselmann et al., 2008; Scholvinck et al., 2012). The results of these electrophysiological and neuroimaging studies have changed the traditional view in which the baseline activity was considered noise. How ...
University of Groningen Gustatory neural processing in the
... afferents, postsynaptic afferents or even interneurons involved in intranuclear data processing. Most units recorded are subject to this ambiguity. In two recent studies Nakamura and Norgren extracellularly recorded single-unit responses of NTS neurons in awake rats, after gustatory stimulation with ...
... afferents, postsynaptic afferents or even interneurons involved in intranuclear data processing. Most units recorded are subject to this ambiguity. In two recent studies Nakamura and Norgren extracellularly recorded single-unit responses of NTS neurons in awake rats, after gustatory stimulation with ...
Cellular Mechanisms in the Amygdala Involved in Memory
... underlying fear memory will enhance our understanding of biological mechanism to enemies, as well as our ability to develop treatments for individual afflicted with anxiety disorders, including posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The discovery of long-term potentiation (LTP), a phenomenon in which ...
... underlying fear memory will enhance our understanding of biological mechanism to enemies, as well as our ability to develop treatments for individual afflicted with anxiety disorders, including posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The discovery of long-term potentiation (LTP), a phenomenon in which ...
Pyramidal neurons: dendritic structure and synaptic integration
... and fewer oblique apical dendrites than layer II/III pyramidal neurons. The apical dendrites of hippocampal CA3 pyramidal neurons branch closer to the soma than those of CA1 pyramidal neurons, which typically have a more distinctive main apical dendrite and tuft. CA3 pyramidal neurons also have a cl ...
... and fewer oblique apical dendrites than layer II/III pyramidal neurons. The apical dendrites of hippocampal CA3 pyramidal neurons branch closer to the soma than those of CA1 pyramidal neurons, which typically have a more distinctive main apical dendrite and tuft. CA3 pyramidal neurons also have a cl ...