Differential Activity-Dependent Development of Corticospinal
... and Martin 2005; Martin and Lee 1999; Martin et al. 2004). Even though we understand that activity- and use-dependent processes are important in determining the regional distribution and morphology of CS axon terminals (Friel and Martin 2005; Li and Martin 2001, 2002; Martin et al. 2004), little is ...
... and Martin 2005; Martin and Lee 1999; Martin et al. 2004). Even though we understand that activity- and use-dependent processes are important in determining the regional distribution and morphology of CS axon terminals (Friel and Martin 2005; Li and Martin 2001, 2002; Martin et al. 2004), little is ...
Evidence of sympathetic ®bers in the male rat pelvic nerve
... 25% the number of ®bers in the rat pelvic nerve31 . To our knowledge there is no clear demonstration of a loss of neural ®bers in the pelvic nerve following lesion of the lumbosacral spinal cord in the rat. However retrograde labelling from the pelvic nerve in this species suggests that the lumbosac ...
... 25% the number of ®bers in the rat pelvic nerve31 . To our knowledge there is no clear demonstration of a loss of neural ®bers in the pelvic nerve following lesion of the lumbosacral spinal cord in the rat. However retrograde labelling from the pelvic nerve in this species suggests that the lumbosac ...
Unit One: Introduction to Physiology: The Cell and General Physiology
... d. Epinephrine have almost the same effects but differences do occur in 1. Epinephrine has a greater effect on cardiac stimulation because it stimulates beta receptors 2. Epinephrine causes weaker constriction of blood vessels but increases CO ...
... d. Epinephrine have almost the same effects but differences do occur in 1. Epinephrine has a greater effect on cardiac stimulation because it stimulates beta receptors 2. Epinephrine causes weaker constriction of blood vessels but increases CO ...
A thalamic reticular networking model of consciousness
... thalamus and telencephalon must pass through the ventral thalamus, the major derivative of which is the thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN). The TRN occupies a striking control position in the brain, sending inhibitory axons back to the thalamus, roughly to the same region where they receive afferents. ...
... thalamus and telencephalon must pass through the ventral thalamus, the major derivative of which is the thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN). The TRN occupies a striking control position in the brain, sending inhibitory axons back to the thalamus, roughly to the same region where they receive afferents. ...
Novel approaches to explore mechanisms of
... Epilepsy comprises a family of neurological disorders characterized by recurrent seizures, which can be highly debilitating. Up to 30% of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy, the most common form of the disorder in adults, arising in the hippocampus, cannot be effectively treated by current pharmac ...
... Epilepsy comprises a family of neurological disorders characterized by recurrent seizures, which can be highly debilitating. Up to 30% of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy, the most common form of the disorder in adults, arising in the hippocampus, cannot be effectively treated by current pharmac ...
ARTICLE Hierarchy of orofacial rhythms revealed through whisking and breathing
... provides rhythmic input to the facial motor neurons that drive protraction of the vibrissae. Neuronal output from this region is reset at each inspiration by direct input from the pre-Bötzinger complex, such that high-frequency sniffing has a one-to-one relationship with whisking, whereas basal res ...
... provides rhythmic input to the facial motor neurons that drive protraction of the vibrissae. Neuronal output from this region is reset at each inspiration by direct input from the pre-Bötzinger complex, such that high-frequency sniffing has a one-to-one relationship with whisking, whereas basal res ...
Response Differences in Monkey TE and Perirhinal Cortex: Stimulus
... Three sets of visual stimuli were used. 1) A small gray dot (0.5° in visual angle) was used as fixation spot. This was located directly in front of the monkeys at the center of the screen. 2) Eight twodimensional (8.5 ⫻ 8.5°) black-and-white patterns were used as stimuli presented in the DMS trials ...
... Three sets of visual stimuli were used. 1) A small gray dot (0.5° in visual angle) was used as fixation spot. This was located directly in front of the monkeys at the center of the screen. 2) Eight twodimensional (8.5 ⫻ 8.5°) black-and-white patterns were used as stimuli presented in the DMS trials ...
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation: Decomposing the
... term action preparation as shorthand to describe processes that occur prior to the actual execution of actions. However, we point out that action preparation is not a ...
... term action preparation as shorthand to describe processes that occur prior to the actual execution of actions. However, we point out that action preparation is not a ...
The role of eyes in early face processing: A rapid adaptation study of
... According to the OSH, larger adaptation effects should be found for inverted than upright adaptors regardless of the category. Thus, in response to S2, a decreased activation should be found for inverted compared to upright adaptors, for each adaptor category tested: houses, mouths, eyes, faces, eye ...
... According to the OSH, larger adaptation effects should be found for inverted than upright adaptors regardless of the category. Thus, in response to S2, a decreased activation should be found for inverted compared to upright adaptors, for each adaptor category tested: houses, mouths, eyes, faces, eye ...
Molecular Underpinnings of Motor Pattern Generation: Differential
... neurons. In particular, differential targeting of the channels in each neuronal cell type could lead to variations in firing properties that help to pattern motor output. To better understand the principles underlying the functional correlates of IA diversity, we sought to define the distribution of ...
... neurons. In particular, differential targeting of the channels in each neuronal cell type could lead to variations in firing properties that help to pattern motor output. To better understand the principles underlying the functional correlates of IA diversity, we sought to define the distribution of ...
Article Full Text PDF
... presynaptic cells and collateral inhibition, was markedly lower at frequencies of spinal stimulation . ,5/second, suggesting an organization of the recurrent collateral network similar to that in the goldfish. Inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) were highly voltage-dependent; their decay time ...
... presynaptic cells and collateral inhibition, was markedly lower at frequencies of spinal stimulation . ,5/second, suggesting an organization of the recurrent collateral network similar to that in the goldfish. Inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) were highly voltage-dependent; their decay time ...
Neural Correlates of Perceived Brightness in the Retina, Lateral
... and a surgical level of anesthesia was achieved with sodium thiopental (initial dose 20 mg / kg, i.v., supplemented as needed). A tracheotomy was performed, and the animal intubated. The animal was then paralyzed with an intravenous inf usion of atracurium besylate (initial dose 5 mg, 0.6 –1.2 mg z ...
... and a surgical level of anesthesia was achieved with sodium thiopental (initial dose 20 mg / kg, i.v., supplemented as needed). A tracheotomy was performed, and the animal intubated. The animal was then paralyzed with an intravenous inf usion of atracurium besylate (initial dose 5 mg, 0.6 –1.2 mg z ...
Lab 10 – Nervous Tissue Nervous Tissue
... layer of astrocyte foot processes known as the glial limitans (not seen in routine slide preparations) which acts as a barrier between the CNS neural tissue and surrounding non-neural tissue; as blood vessels penetrate into the CNS, they are initially surrounded by pia mater and the glial limitans, ...
... layer of astrocyte foot processes known as the glial limitans (not seen in routine slide preparations) which acts as a barrier between the CNS neural tissue and surrounding non-neural tissue; as blood vessels penetrate into the CNS, they are initially surrounded by pia mater and the glial limitans, ...
hypothalamus, pit..
... 4 g of the total 1,400 g of adult brain weight, but it is the only 4 g of brain without which life itself is impossible. The hypothalamus is so critical for life because it contains the integrative circuitry that coordinates autonomic, endocrine, and behavioral responses that are necessary for basic ...
... 4 g of the total 1,400 g of adult brain weight, but it is the only 4 g of brain without which life itself is impossible. The hypothalamus is so critical for life because it contains the integrative circuitry that coordinates autonomic, endocrine, and behavioral responses that are necessary for basic ...
Neural substrates for expectation-modulated fear learning in
... stores memories of the conditioned stimulus–unconditioned stimulus association, but the origin of UCS inputs to the amygdala is unknown. Theory and evidence suggest that instructive UCS inputs to the amygdala will be inhibited when the UCS is expected, but this has not been found during fear conditi ...
... stores memories of the conditioned stimulus–unconditioned stimulus association, but the origin of UCS inputs to the amygdala is unknown. Theory and evidence suggest that instructive UCS inputs to the amygdala will be inhibited when the UCS is expected, but this has not been found during fear conditi ...
Dynamics of sensory thalamocortical synaptic networks during
... Received 29 April 2004; accepted 8 September 2004 ...
... Received 29 April 2004; accepted 8 September 2004 ...
Beyond dreams: do sleep-related movements
... rather than limbs acting them out. Indeed, the scanning hypothesis has itself become a part of the folk psychological interpretation of dreaming. Although the scanning hypothesis remains popular, REMs may not provide the insight into dreaming that many have assumed. This is the view of Chase and Mor ...
... rather than limbs acting them out. Indeed, the scanning hypothesis has itself become a part of the folk psychological interpretation of dreaming. Although the scanning hypothesis remains popular, REMs may not provide the insight into dreaming that many have assumed. This is the view of Chase and Mor ...
The Spinal Cord, Spinal Nerves, and Somatic Reflexes
... with each other and with the brain. This enables sensory information to reach the brain, motor commands to reach the effectors, and input received at one level of the cord to affect output from another level. 2. Locomotion. Walking involves repetitive, coordinated contractions of several muscle grou ...
... with each other and with the brain. This enables sensory information to reach the brain, motor commands to reach the effectors, and input received at one level of the cord to affect output from another level. 2. Locomotion. Walking involves repetitive, coordinated contractions of several muscle grou ...
Topographic Organization of Sensory Projection to the Olfactory Bulb
... receptor probes demonstrates that axons from neurons expressing a given receptor converge on one, or at most, a few glomeruli within the olfactory bulb. Moreover, the position of specific glomeruli is bilaterally symmetric and is constant in different individuals within a species. These data support ...
... receptor probes demonstrates that axons from neurons expressing a given receptor converge on one, or at most, a few glomeruli within the olfactory bulb. Moreover, the position of specific glomeruli is bilaterally symmetric and is constant in different individuals within a species. These data support ...