Ectopic Expression of the Neuropeptide Pigment
... immunoreactivity was visualized with a fluorescent microscope (L EICA DMR) equipped with a digital camera (Olympus DC10). Several pictures were taken to get all planes of focus of the relevant terminals stained in each brain. These were later mounted in a single picture with the help of Corel PHOTO- ...
... immunoreactivity was visualized with a fluorescent microscope (L EICA DMR) equipped with a digital camera (Olympus DC10). Several pictures were taken to get all planes of focus of the relevant terminals stained in each brain. These were later mounted in a single picture with the help of Corel PHOTO- ...
Nerves and how they work File
... Communication between neurons and between neurons and target tissue • Neurons do not directly touch one another • Neither to their directly touch their target tissue i.e. a muscle cell or glandular tissue • There is a minute gap called the …………………? • The action potential does not jump across the ga ...
... Communication between neurons and between neurons and target tissue • Neurons do not directly touch one another • Neither to their directly touch their target tissue i.e. a muscle cell or glandular tissue • There is a minute gap called the …………………? • The action potential does not jump across the ga ...
6 Control of Ventilation and Respiratory Muscles
... inspiratory (firing on inspiration) and some of which are expiratory (firng on expiration). It contains the nucleus ambiguus, which contains primarily inspiratory neurons that project to the larynx, pharynx, and tongue. Stimula tion of these neurons causes dilation of the upper airways, which minim ...
... inspiratory (firing on inspiration) and some of which are expiratory (firng on expiration). It contains the nucleus ambiguus, which contains primarily inspiratory neurons that project to the larynx, pharynx, and tongue. Stimula tion of these neurons causes dilation of the upper airways, which minim ...
ALS - AJNR Blog
... • Evidence of UMN degeneration by clinical examination • Progressive spread of symptoms or signs within a region or to other regions (The body is divided into four regions: cranial, cervical, thoracic and lumbosacral) ...
... • Evidence of UMN degeneration by clinical examination • Progressive spread of symptoms or signs within a region or to other regions (The body is divided into four regions: cranial, cervical, thoracic and lumbosacral) ...
Role of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis in the control
... distinctions within discrete subdivisions of the mPFC, namely ILCx, prelimbic (PL) and anterior cingulate (Cg) cortices (Morgan and LeDoux, 1995; Seamans et al., 1995; Tzschentke and Schmidt, 1999; Vertes, 2006; Grace et al., 2007). The ILCx may also have an important role in regulating adaptive res ...
... distinctions within discrete subdivisions of the mPFC, namely ILCx, prelimbic (PL) and anterior cingulate (Cg) cortices (Morgan and LeDoux, 1995; Seamans et al., 1995; Tzschentke and Schmidt, 1999; Vertes, 2006; Grace et al., 2007). The ILCx may also have an important role in regulating adaptive res ...
Vasopressin Receptors of the Vasopressor (V,)
... perifusion solution. In order to block synaptic transmission, the slices were perifused with a modified solution, in which the CaCl, concentration was lowered to 0.2 mM and the MgSO, concentration was raised to 6 mM (Raggenbass et al., 1987a). Extracellular single-unit recordings were obtained from ...
... perifusion solution. In order to block synaptic transmission, the slices were perifused with a modified solution, in which the CaCl, concentration was lowered to 0.2 mM and the MgSO, concentration was raised to 6 mM (Raggenbass et al., 1987a). Extracellular single-unit recordings were obtained from ...
Impairment of a parabolic bursting rhythm by the ectopic expression
... R15 produces an increase in AHP and a decrease in the spike duration without affecting the bursting activity or intra-burst spike frequency [17]. A simulation study also showed that the transient outward current does not alter the character of the burst [2]. Thus, the specific inhibition of bursting ...
... R15 produces an increase in AHP and a decrease in the spike duration without affecting the bursting activity or intra-burst spike frequency [17]. A simulation study also showed that the transient outward current does not alter the character of the burst [2]. Thus, the specific inhibition of bursting ...
Genetic Analysis of Brain Circuits Underlying Pheromone Signaling
... results provide strong support to behavioral genetic experiments that uncovered the role of nonvomeronasal cues in the control of reproduction (19, 43, 70). The studies summarized above clearly demonstrate the involvement of central olfactory nuclei in the relay of chemosensory information relevant ...
... results provide strong support to behavioral genetic experiments that uncovered the role of nonvomeronasal cues in the control of reproduction (19, 43, 70). The studies summarized above clearly demonstrate the involvement of central olfactory nuclei in the relay of chemosensory information relevant ...
Neuronal Activity in Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata during Target
... activated by stimulation within the SC (Hikosaka and Wurtz, 1983d). For this, electric current was passed through tungsten microelectrodes (Frederick Haer) with impedances between 0.1 and 0.7 M⍀ measured at 1 kHz. Single, biphasic pulses 150 sec in duration were used. Current intensities varied wit ...
... activated by stimulation within the SC (Hikosaka and Wurtz, 1983d). For this, electric current was passed through tungsten microelectrodes (Frederick Haer) with impedances between 0.1 and 0.7 M⍀ measured at 1 kHz. Single, biphasic pulses 150 sec in duration were used. Current intensities varied wit ...
Conductance-Based Model of the Voltage
... from, for example, the cortex (Magill et al. 2000). STN neurons, however, have intrinsic membrane properties that can produce more complex firing patterns. In a subset of STN neurons, the generation of a plateau potential, a long-lasting depolarizing potential, have been reported in several studies ...
... from, for example, the cortex (Magill et al. 2000). STN neurons, however, have intrinsic membrane properties that can produce more complex firing patterns. In a subset of STN neurons, the generation of a plateau potential, a long-lasting depolarizing potential, have been reported in several studies ...
Learning to classify complex patterns using a VLSI network of
... shows how the modules involved in designing the communication channel can be improved utilizing the asynchronous circuit design techniques. Using the device developed, real-time classification of complex patterns of mean firing rates is carried out. The circuits responsible for synaptic plasticity a ...
... shows how the modules involved in designing the communication channel can be improved utilizing the asynchronous circuit design techniques. Using the device developed, real-time classification of complex patterns of mean firing rates is carried out. The circuits responsible for synaptic plasticity a ...
View/Open
... that pass from the optic tracts mainly into the superior colliculi and other portions of the older visual system. Fields of Vision; Perimetry The field of vision is the visual area seen by an eye at a given instant. The area seen to the nasal side is called the nasal field of vision, and the area se ...
... that pass from the optic tracts mainly into the superior colliculi and other portions of the older visual system. Fields of Vision; Perimetry The field of vision is the visual area seen by an eye at a given instant. The area seen to the nasal side is called the nasal field of vision, and the area se ...
Descending Inhibitory Systems
... Pertovaara et al., 1997) but not following development of diabetic neuropathy (Kamei et al., 1992; Pertovaara et al., 2001). On the other hand, peripheral nerve injury may result in compensatory up regulation of descending noradrenergic innervation to the lumbar dorsal horn (Ma and Eisenach, 2003); ...
... Pertovaara et al., 1997) but not following development of diabetic neuropathy (Kamei et al., 1992; Pertovaara et al., 2001). On the other hand, peripheral nerve injury may result in compensatory up regulation of descending noradrenergic innervation to the lumbar dorsal horn (Ma and Eisenach, 2003); ...
Emerging roles of Axin in cerebral cortical development
... Polarization and Migration Newborn neurons exit the ventricular and subventricular zones, and migrate into the intermediate zone. They initially exhibit a multipolar morphology characterized by several thin processes in various directions but subsequently adopt a bipolar morphology with a leading pr ...
... Polarization and Migration Newborn neurons exit the ventricular and subventricular zones, and migrate into the intermediate zone. They initially exhibit a multipolar morphology characterized by several thin processes in various directions but subsequently adopt a bipolar morphology with a leading pr ...
PDF - Oxford Academic - Oxford University Press
... this inhibition are still largely unknown. Notably, whether such an inhibition of nociception occurs at the cortical level has not been investigated at all. Many previous studies have considered the dorsal horn of the spinal cord as an important site for this phenomenon where large myelinated fiber i ...
... this inhibition are still largely unknown. Notably, whether such an inhibition of nociception occurs at the cortical level has not been investigated at all. Many previous studies have considered the dorsal horn of the spinal cord as an important site for this phenomenon where large myelinated fiber i ...
Microstructure of the neocortex: Comparative aspects
... the evolution of the vertebrate brain. One of the fundamental questions in neuroscience is what is special about the neocortex of humans and how does it differ from that of other species? It is clear that distinct cortical areas show important differences within both the same and different species, ...
... the evolution of the vertebrate brain. One of the fundamental questions in neuroscience is what is special about the neocortex of humans and how does it differ from that of other species? It is clear that distinct cortical areas show important differences within both the same and different species, ...
The Spinal Cord, Spinal Nerves, and Spinal Reflexes
... describe the major patterns of interaction among neurons within and among these pools. • 13-6 Describe the steps in a neural reflex, and classify the types of reflexes. ...
... describe the major patterns of interaction among neurons within and among these pools. • 13-6 Describe the steps in a neural reflex, and classify the types of reflexes. ...
Retrieval induces adaptive forgetting of competing memories via
... Remembering a past experience can, surprisingly, cause forgetting. Forgetting arises when other competing traces interfere with retrieval and inhibitory control mechanisms are engaged to suppress the distraction they cause. This form of forgetting is considered to be adaptive because it reduces futu ...
... Remembering a past experience can, surprisingly, cause forgetting. Forgetting arises when other competing traces interfere with retrieval and inhibitory control mechanisms are engaged to suppress the distraction they cause. This form of forgetting is considered to be adaptive because it reduces futu ...
Comparative Study of c-Fos Expression in Rat Dorsal Vagal
... was observed in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV) during the stress, followed by NA, nucleus of solitary tract (NTS) and area postrema (AP). The peak of c-Fos expression in caudal DMV appeared at 120 min of the stress, slower than that in rostral and intermediate DMV. The c-Fos expression ...
... was observed in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV) during the stress, followed by NA, nucleus of solitary tract (NTS) and area postrema (AP). The peak of c-Fos expression in caudal DMV appeared at 120 min of the stress, slower than that in rostral and intermediate DMV. The c-Fos expression ...