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... cochlear nucleus, labeled cells in the following nonauditory structures (among others): cuneate nucleus, external cuneate nucleus, spinal trigeminal nucleus, Roller’s nucleus, pontine nuclei, lateral reticular nucleus, and inferior olive (Fig. 3). Labeled cells were also found in auditory structures ...
... cochlear nucleus, labeled cells in the following nonauditory structures (among others): cuneate nucleus, external cuneate nucleus, spinal trigeminal nucleus, Roller’s nucleus, pontine nuclei, lateral reticular nucleus, and inferior olive (Fig. 3). Labeled cells were also found in auditory structures ...
Representing Spatial Relationships in Posterior
... the spatial analysis involved and the spatial motor control required may be dissociable in time during this process. Spatial cognitive processes that enable object construction appear to rely particularly on the functional integrity of posterior parietal cortex. Damage to this cortical area often pr ...
... the spatial analysis involved and the spatial motor control required may be dissociable in time during this process. Spatial cognitive processes that enable object construction appear to rely particularly on the functional integrity of posterior parietal cortex. Damage to this cortical area often pr ...
Hoopfer et al., Supplemental Data Supplemental Figure S1
... points the protective effect of UBP2 is less than that of Wlds, which strongly prevent ORN degeneration (compare Figures 4D3 and 4F3). Number of brains quantified: 5 days after cut, wt (14), UBP2 (23); 10 days after cut, wt (13), UBP2 (23). Error bars represent SEM. Methods: Quantification was perfo ...
... points the protective effect of UBP2 is less than that of Wlds, which strongly prevent ORN degeneration (compare Figures 4D3 and 4F3). Number of brains quantified: 5 days after cut, wt (14), UBP2 (23); 10 days after cut, wt (13), UBP2 (23). Error bars represent SEM. Methods: Quantification was perfo ...
- Hayden Lab
... To delineate the factors that influence monkeys’ choices, we implemented a logistic general linear model with choice (offer 1 versus offer 2) as a function of seven regressors: both reward sizes, both reward probabilities, outcome of previous trial (reward versus no reward), choice of previous trial ...
... To delineate the factors that influence monkeys’ choices, we implemented a logistic general linear model with choice (offer 1 versus offer 2) as a function of seven regressors: both reward sizes, both reward probabilities, outcome of previous trial (reward versus no reward), choice of previous trial ...
The largest growth cones in the animal kingdom
... Synopsis The marine mollusc, Aplysia californica is a powerful experimental model in cellular and systems neuroscience. Aplysia neurons are large, colored, and located at the ganglionic surface. Because of this, many neurons can be easily identified in terms of their physiological properties, synapt ...
... Synopsis The marine mollusc, Aplysia californica is a powerful experimental model in cellular and systems neuroscience. Aplysia neurons are large, colored, and located at the ganglionic surface. Because of this, many neurons can be easily identified in terms of their physiological properties, synapt ...
Temporal Patterning of Neural Progenitors in Drosophila
... acts in GMCs or young neurons to control the temporal identity of mushroom body neurons (Zhu et al., 2006). Although Chinmo mRNA is equally expressed throughout the entire NB lineage, Chinmo protein shows a temporal gradient in the neuronal progeny. It is absent in NBs and is expressed at its highes ...
... acts in GMCs or young neurons to control the temporal identity of mushroom body neurons (Zhu et al., 2006). Although Chinmo mRNA is equally expressed throughout the entire NB lineage, Chinmo protein shows a temporal gradient in the neuronal progeny. It is absent in NBs and is expressed at its highes ...
Circadian Plasticity of Mammalian Inhibitory Interneurons
... addition projections from the midbrain raphe terminate onto VIP and AVP neurons in both SCN regions, although they form more synaptic contacts in the ventral region [64–66]. 2.1. Electrophysiological Rhythms. The SCN neurons generate self-sustained rhythmic activity with approximately 24 h period an ...
... addition projections from the midbrain raphe terminate onto VIP and AVP neurons in both SCN regions, although they form more synaptic contacts in the ventral region [64–66]. 2.1. Electrophysiological Rhythms. The SCN neurons generate self-sustained rhythmic activity with approximately 24 h period an ...
Glycemic State Regulates Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor
... During a time when role models seem to become rarer and rarer, I‟ve had the privilege of learning from one of the best, Professor Alastair Ferguson. Thank you Al, not only for ironing out the rough edges of my research every step of the way, but also for teaching me the importance of balance in my l ...
... During a time when role models seem to become rarer and rarer, I‟ve had the privilege of learning from one of the best, Professor Alastair Ferguson. Thank you Al, not only for ironing out the rough edges of my research every step of the way, but also for teaching me the importance of balance in my l ...
Synaptic Pruning in Development: A Novel Account in Neural Terms
... 1995] and the dentate gyrus [Eckenho and Rakic, 1991]. The time scale of synaptic elimination was found to vary between di erent cortical areas, coarsely following a dorsal to frontal order [Rakic et al., 1994]. Larger temporal di erences were found between species; in some species, the peak level ...
... 1995] and the dentate gyrus [Eckenho and Rakic, 1991]. The time scale of synaptic elimination was found to vary between di erent cortical areas, coarsely following a dorsal to frontal order [Rakic et al., 1994]. Larger temporal di erences were found between species; in some species, the peak level ...
Neural Correlates of Vibrissa Resonance: Band
... vibrissa frequency tuning was relatively constant, independent of neural tuning. Second, FSU recordings were distributed into higher plots in this display, indicating lower tuning as compared to RSU and NV recordings. The basic qualitative trends in Figure 4A were reflected across the sample in the ...
... vibrissa frequency tuning was relatively constant, independent of neural tuning. Second, FSU recordings were distributed into higher plots in this display, indicating lower tuning as compared to RSU and NV recordings. The basic qualitative trends in Figure 4A were reflected across the sample in the ...
SpinalCord_Nerves_Plexus_Reflexes
... describe the major patterns of interaction among neurons within and among these pools. • 13-6 Describe the steps in a neural reflex, and classify the types of reflexes. • 13-7 Distinguish among the types of motor responses produced by various reflexes, and explain how reflexes interact to produce co ...
... describe the major patterns of interaction among neurons within and among these pools. • 13-6 Describe the steps in a neural reflex, and classify the types of reflexes. • 13-7 Distinguish among the types of motor responses produced by various reflexes, and explain how reflexes interact to produce co ...
Proprioception: - e
... movement, they also (together with touch) sense the size and shape of objects and measure the geometry of external space. Weight-one’s own and that of objects is measured independently by pressure sensors and muscular tension. Based upon neurophysiological studies, convention has identified four com ...
... movement, they also (together with touch) sense the size and shape of objects and measure the geometry of external space. Weight-one’s own and that of objects is measured independently by pressure sensors and muscular tension. Based upon neurophysiological studies, convention has identified four com ...
A Neurodynamical cortical model of visual attention and
... The dichotomy between parallel and serial operations in visual search has been challenged by psychological models suggesting that all types of search task can be solved by a single parallel competitive mechanism. Duncan (1980) and Duncan and Humphreys (1989) have proposed a scheme that integrates bo ...
... The dichotomy between parallel and serial operations in visual search has been challenged by psychological models suggesting that all types of search task can be solved by a single parallel competitive mechanism. Duncan (1980) and Duncan and Humphreys (1989) have proposed a scheme that integrates bo ...
Wasp uses venom cocktail to manipulate the behavior F. Libersat
... which houses the pro-thoracic ganglion. Cockroaches stung only once in the prothorax exhibit a flaccid paralysis of the front legs from which they recover within a few minutes (Fouad et al. 1994). Because this first sting prevents the cockroach from using its forelegs to fight off the wasp, it presu ...
... which houses the pro-thoracic ganglion. Cockroaches stung only once in the prothorax exhibit a flaccid paralysis of the front legs from which they recover within a few minutes (Fouad et al. 1994). Because this first sting prevents the cockroach from using its forelegs to fight off the wasp, it presu ...
LESSON 5.2 WORKBOOK How do drugs alter synaptic transmis-
... As mentioned previously, cocaine use increases alertness, energy, motor activity and feelings of well-being. But feelings of anxiety, paranoia and restlessness are also common effects of cocaine. With excessive use, cocaine can cause tremors, convulsions, stroke and even death. Cocaine effects dopam ...
... As mentioned previously, cocaine use increases alertness, energy, motor activity and feelings of well-being. But feelings of anxiety, paranoia and restlessness are also common effects of cocaine. With excessive use, cocaine can cause tremors, convulsions, stroke and even death. Cocaine effects dopam ...
Electrophysiological and Pharmacological Evidence for the Role of
... accumbenssepti (NAS) in mediating cocaine self-administration behaviors. The NAS, a substantialcomponent of the “ventral striatum” (Heimer and Wilson, 1975) is a pivotal structure connecting limbic and basalganglia systems.The NAS in rats receivesabundant afferent connectionsfrom the prelimbic corte ...
... accumbenssepti (NAS) in mediating cocaine self-administration behaviors. The NAS, a substantialcomponent of the “ventral striatum” (Heimer and Wilson, 1975) is a pivotal structure connecting limbic and basalganglia systems.The NAS in rats receivesabundant afferent connectionsfrom the prelimbic corte ...
Ulanovsky et al., 2003
... In total, the result of inactivating Sst+ interneurons was a net decrease in the number of suppressed units and a net increase in the number of facilitated, mixed, and unaffected units (Figure 2g). In contrast, inactivating Pvalb+ interneurons in Ai35/Pvalb-Cre mice (N = 9) did not alter the quality ...
... In total, the result of inactivating Sst+ interneurons was a net decrease in the number of suppressed units and a net increase in the number of facilitated, mixed, and unaffected units (Figure 2g). In contrast, inactivating Pvalb+ interneurons in Ai35/Pvalb-Cre mice (N = 9) did not alter the quality ...
Normalization as a canonical neural computation
... in the primary visual cortex 17–19. Similar computations20 had been proposed previously to explain light adaptation in the retina21–24, size invariance in the fly visual system25 and associative memory in the hippocampus26. Evidence that has accumulated since then suggests that normalization plays a ...
... in the primary visual cortex 17–19. Similar computations20 had been proposed previously to explain light adaptation in the retina21–24, size invariance in the fly visual system25 and associative memory in the hippocampus26. Evidence that has accumulated since then suggests that normalization plays a ...
Nerves and how they work File
... Communication between neurons and between neurons and target tissue • Neurons do not directly touch one another • Neither to their directly touch their target tissue i.e. a muscle cell or glandular tissue • There is a minute gap called the …………………? • The action potential does not jump across the ga ...
... Communication between neurons and between neurons and target tissue • Neurons do not directly touch one another • Neither to their directly touch their target tissue i.e. a muscle cell or glandular tissue • There is a minute gap called the …………………? • The action potential does not jump across the ga ...