Topographic Organization of Sensory Projection to the Olfactory Bulb
... receptor probes demonstrates that axons from neurons expressing a given receptor converge on one, or at most, a few glomeruli within the olfactory bulb. Moreover, the position of specific glomeruli is bilaterally symmetric and is constant in different individuals within a species. These data support ...
... receptor probes demonstrates that axons from neurons expressing a given receptor converge on one, or at most, a few glomeruli within the olfactory bulb. Moreover, the position of specific glomeruli is bilaterally symmetric and is constant in different individuals within a species. These data support ...
Contrasting Effects of Reward Expectation on Sensory and Motor
... The value of a reward expected from a successful behavior is important for the purposeful organization of goal-directed behavior (Dickinson and Balleine, 1994; Balleine and Dickinson, 1998). High reward values provide incentives for initiating behavior (Matsumoto and Tanaka, 2004), bias decision mak ...
... The value of a reward expected from a successful behavior is important for the purposeful organization of goal-directed behavior (Dickinson and Balleine, 1994; Balleine and Dickinson, 1998). High reward values provide incentives for initiating behavior (Matsumoto and Tanaka, 2004), bias decision mak ...
Nerve Growth Factor: Cellular localization and regulation of synthesis
... labeling. 3H Labeling provides optimal resolution, but 3H probes cannot be produced with a sufficiently high specific activity. 32p probes provide optimal specific activities, but resolution is very poor. With improved procedures developed for 3sS_labeled cRNA and oligonudeotide probes (for details ...
... labeling. 3H Labeling provides optimal resolution, but 3H probes cannot be produced with a sufficiently high specific activity. 32p probes provide optimal specific activities, but resolution is very poor. With improved procedures developed for 3sS_labeled cRNA and oligonudeotide probes (for details ...
Parallel basal ganglia circuits for voluntary and
... may reflect further functional specialization: associative versus sensorimotor (Parent, 1990; Lehéricy et al., 2004a, b; Draganski et al., 2008). The rostral part of the putamen and caudate nucleus primarily serve associative (or cognitive) functions by receiving inputs mainly from the prefrontal co ...
... may reflect further functional specialization: associative versus sensorimotor (Parent, 1990; Lehéricy et al., 2004a, b; Draganski et al., 2008). The rostral part of the putamen and caudate nucleus primarily serve associative (or cognitive) functions by receiving inputs mainly from the prefrontal co ...
Stephen Hawking
... slurred speech increasing. When Hawking returned home from Christmas his father urged him to see a doctor. At age 21, Hawking was diagnosed with ALS. During the 1960’s his health worsened leading him to use crutches, he slowly lost the ability to write, and in 1969 he was confined to a wheelchair. I ...
... slurred speech increasing. When Hawking returned home from Christmas his father urged him to see a doctor. At age 21, Hawking was diagnosed with ALS. During the 1960’s his health worsened leading him to use crutches, he slowly lost the ability to write, and in 1969 he was confined to a wheelchair. I ...
Substance P and Cholecystokinin-like lmmunoreactive Varicosities
... In recent years, the neuropeptides substance P (SP) and cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8) have been suggested as neurotransmitters or neuromodulators of primary afferent neurons. Immunohistochemical studies have provided anatomical evidence in support of this hypothesis. SP-like immunoreactivity ( ...
... In recent years, the neuropeptides substance P (SP) and cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8) have been suggested as neurotransmitters or neuromodulators of primary afferent neurons. Immunohistochemical studies have provided anatomical evidence in support of this hypothesis. SP-like immunoreactivity ( ...
Gating of Sensory Input by Spontaneous Cortical Activity
... The cc measure. To quantify the fine temporal relationship between a neuron and population activity, we assessed the asymmetry of the spiketriggered MUA using a previously described measure, cc, defined as the mean spike time of spike-triggered MUA within a 100 ms time window, which is equivalent ...
... The cc measure. To quantify the fine temporal relationship between a neuron and population activity, we assessed the asymmetry of the spiketriggered MUA using a previously described measure, cc, defined as the mean spike time of spike-triggered MUA within a 100 ms time window, which is equivalent ...
FEATURE ARTICLE Cortical Auditory Adaptation
... The loudspeaker was located 53 cm above the bottom of the recording chamber. The box was built in black acrylic and had a surface of 22 by 27 cm and the walls had a height of 65 cm. The walls of the box were covered with corrugated cardboard (4 mm thickness) for sound-resonance suppression. Measurem ...
... The loudspeaker was located 53 cm above the bottom of the recording chamber. The box was built in black acrylic and had a surface of 22 by 27 cm and the walls had a height of 65 cm. The walls of the box were covered with corrugated cardboard (4 mm thickness) for sound-resonance suppression. Measurem ...
Neuronal Activity and Ion Homeostasis in the Hypoxic Brain
... These include cerebral energy consumption and metabolism, neuronal membrane voltage dynamics and action potential generation, synaptic functioning, changes in extra- and intracellular concentrations (ions, molecular messengers, pH), glial uptake and blood flow regulation [8]. However, the dynamics o ...
... These include cerebral energy consumption and metabolism, neuronal membrane voltage dynamics and action potential generation, synaptic functioning, changes in extra- and intracellular concentrations (ions, molecular messengers, pH), glial uptake and blood flow regulation [8]. However, the dynamics o ...
Chapter 122: Neurocircuitry Of Parkinson`s Disease
... different and more widespread pathologic abnormalities than those seen in PD proper, and will not be dealt with further in this chapter. The salient pathologic feature of idiopathic PD is relatively selective degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) that proje ...
... different and more widespread pathologic abnormalities than those seen in PD proper, and will not be dealt with further in this chapter. The salient pathologic feature of idiopathic PD is relatively selective degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) that proje ...
The occipitoparietal pathway of the macaque monkey: comparison
... Wong-Riley, 1979a; Tigges et al., 1981; Maunsell and Van Essen, 1983a; Colby et al., 1988; Andersen et al., 1990; Boussaoud et al., 1990; Sousa et al., 1991; Rosa et al., 1993). Projections that originate mainly in the supragranular layers and terminate around layer IV are referred to as ‘feedforwar ...
... Wong-Riley, 1979a; Tigges et al., 1981; Maunsell and Van Essen, 1983a; Colby et al., 1988; Andersen et al., 1990; Boussaoud et al., 1990; Sousa et al., 1991; Rosa et al., 1993). Projections that originate mainly in the supragranular layers and terminate around layer IV are referred to as ‘feedforwar ...
(15 pages pdf)
... mutations in the Drosophila DA transporter (dDAT) (Kume et al., 2005; Wu et al., 2008). Consistent with these data, overexpression of the vesicular monoamine transporter (dVMAT-A), promoted hyperactivity in this species (Chang et al., 2006), as did activation of DA neurons in quiescent flies (Lima a ...
... mutations in the Drosophila DA transporter (dDAT) (Kume et al., 2005; Wu et al., 2008). Consistent with these data, overexpression of the vesicular monoamine transporter (dVMAT-A), promoted hyperactivity in this species (Chang et al., 2006), as did activation of DA neurons in quiescent flies (Lima a ...
Duration Tuning across Vertebrates
... (medial) superior olivary complex (Guinan et al., 1972; Grothe et al., 1997, 2001), where dense excitatory projections lead into the ICc (Oliver et al., 1995). GABAergic offset responding neurons in the superior paraolivary complex are not candidates for providing offset-evoked excitatory input to t ...
... (medial) superior olivary complex (Guinan et al., 1972; Grothe et al., 1997, 2001), where dense excitatory projections lead into the ICc (Oliver et al., 1995). GABAergic offset responding neurons in the superior paraolivary complex are not candidates for providing offset-evoked excitatory input to t ...
Reference frames for representing the location of visual and tactile
... common frame of reference, one might expect a spatial congruence between the encoded regions of the head surface and extrapersonal visual space. The analysis presented above suggests that this hypothesis is unlikely to hold for all neurons and for all eye positions. Indeed, bimodal cells showed the ...
... common frame of reference, one might expect a spatial congruence between the encoded regions of the head surface and extrapersonal visual space. The analysis presented above suggests that this hypothesis is unlikely to hold for all neurons and for all eye positions. Indeed, bimodal cells showed the ...
Glossopharyngeal Nerve Transection Eliminates
... To objectively quantif y the spatial distribution of FLI neurons within each coronal section, we parceled the traced gNST in each section into six “subfields” based on its dimensions (Fig. 1a). The gNST was first divided into three equal segments by drawing two lines perpendicular to the long axis o ...
... To objectively quantif y the spatial distribution of FLI neurons within each coronal section, we parceled the traced gNST in each section into six “subfields” based on its dimensions (Fig. 1a). The gNST was first divided into three equal segments by drawing two lines perpendicular to the long axis o ...
Postnatal Development of the Corticospinal Tract in the Reeler Mouse
... dental drill. A single injection of 0.1 l of 10% DiI solution dissolved in N,N-dimethyl formamide was made in the left motor cortex by pressure through a glass pipette attached to the Hamilton syringe. After 8-24 hours, the animals were anesthetized with 10% sodium pentobarbital and transcardially ...
... dental drill. A single injection of 0.1 l of 10% DiI solution dissolved in N,N-dimethyl formamide was made in the left motor cortex by pressure through a glass pipette attached to the Hamilton syringe. After 8-24 hours, the animals were anesthetized with 10% sodium pentobarbital and transcardially ...
Full-Text PDF
... advantages in characterizing stimulus-evoked effects. One highlight is the ease of access to a homogenous population of neurons that can be grown directly atop a micro electrode array. Neurons can be stimulated in high-throughput experiments with increased experimental time, and the use of a closed- ...
... advantages in characterizing stimulus-evoked effects. One highlight is the ease of access to a homogenous population of neurons that can be grown directly atop a micro electrode array. Neurons can be stimulated in high-throughput experiments with increased experimental time, and the use of a closed- ...
- Valiente Lab
... Schizophrenia is a complex disorder that interferes with the function of several brain systems required for cognition and normal social behaviour. Although the most notable clinical aspects of the disease only become apparent during late adolescence or early adulthood, many lines of evidence suggest ...
... Schizophrenia is a complex disorder that interferes with the function of several brain systems required for cognition and normal social behaviour. Although the most notable clinical aspects of the disease only become apparent during late adolescence or early adulthood, many lines of evidence suggest ...
Memory Maintenance in Synapses with Calcium
... orders of magnitude; (ii) adding a bistability mechanism so that each synapse has two stable states at sufficiently low background activity leads to a further boost in memory time scale, since memory decay is no longer described by an exponential decay from an initial state, but by an escape from a ...
... orders of magnitude; (ii) adding a bistability mechanism so that each synapse has two stable states at sufficiently low background activity leads to a further boost in memory time scale, since memory decay is no longer described by an exponential decay from an initial state, but by an escape from a ...
Single unit and extracellular firing rate recordings in vivo
... (S)--fluoromethylhistidine blocked the arousal effect of montirelin in WT mice. We conclude, that direct excitation of rodent TMN neurons by TRH is receptor-mediated and demands activation of nonselective cation channels as well as electrogenic Na+/Ca2+ exchange. Our findings indicate a key role of ...
... (S)--fluoromethylhistidine blocked the arousal effect of montirelin in WT mice. We conclude, that direct excitation of rodent TMN neurons by TRH is receptor-mediated and demands activation of nonselective cation channels as well as electrogenic Na+/Ca2+ exchange. Our findings indicate a key role of ...
Genetic dissection of neural circuits underlying sexually dimorphic
... [58,60]. These findings suggest that contact-based male pheromones detected by the VNO normally inhibit mating and trigger aggression towards other males. Interestingly, female Trpc2 knockout mice also display high levels of male-typical mounting behaviour towards mice of either sex [57], suggesting ...
... [58,60]. These findings suggest that contact-based male pheromones detected by the VNO normally inhibit mating and trigger aggression towards other males. Interestingly, female Trpc2 knockout mice also display high levels of male-typical mounting behaviour towards mice of either sex [57], suggesting ...
PDF
... cochlear nucleus, labeled cells in the following nonauditory structures (among others): cuneate nucleus, external cuneate nucleus, spinal trigeminal nucleus, Roller’s nucleus, pontine nuclei, lateral reticular nucleus, and inferior olive (Fig. 3). Labeled cells were also found in auditory structures ...
... cochlear nucleus, labeled cells in the following nonauditory structures (among others): cuneate nucleus, external cuneate nucleus, spinal trigeminal nucleus, Roller’s nucleus, pontine nuclei, lateral reticular nucleus, and inferior olive (Fig. 3). Labeled cells were also found in auditory structures ...