Traumatic Injuries to the Spinal Cord
... Injuries to the spinal cord depend partly on whether the trauma to the vertebral column is direct or indirect and partly on the level at which the vertebral column received the trauma. The deformities of bone, which result are determined by variations in the structure of the vertebral column at its ...
... Injuries to the spinal cord depend partly on whether the trauma to the vertebral column is direct or indirect and partly on the level at which the vertebral column received the trauma. The deformities of bone, which result are determined by variations in the structure of the vertebral column at its ...
Review Mitochondrial movement and positioning in axons
... But what are the specific molecular signals that control mitochondrial motility in the axon? Since the activity of the growth cone has a pronounced influence on the behavior of mitochondria (Morris and Hollenbeck, 1993), we have focused on signals that affect axonal outgrowth, particularly neurotrop ...
... But what are the specific molecular signals that control mitochondrial motility in the axon? Since the activity of the growth cone has a pronounced influence on the behavior of mitochondria (Morris and Hollenbeck, 1993), we have focused on signals that affect axonal outgrowth, particularly neurotrop ...
Proprioceptive Information from the Pinna Provides
... Surg ical preparation. C ats were premedicated with xylazine (2 mg, i.m.) and atropine (0.1 mg, i.m.) and anesthetized with ketamine (initial dose of 40 mg / kg, i.m.; supplemental doses of 15 mg / kg, i.v.). Body temperature (measured rectally) was maintained at 38.5°C. The head was fixed in a nose ...
... Surg ical preparation. C ats were premedicated with xylazine (2 mg, i.m.) and atropine (0.1 mg, i.m.) and anesthetized with ketamine (initial dose of 40 mg / kg, i.m.; supplemental doses of 15 mg / kg, i.v.). Body temperature (measured rectally) was maintained at 38.5°C. The head was fixed in a nose ...
Motor Resonance Meets Motor Performance - Unitn
... premotor areas were present anterior to Brodmann‘s area 4 and that Brodmann‘s area 6 portion of the cortex is not functionally segregated from area 4 but it constitutes a unique complex in which proximal and axial movements are represented. A separate representation of body movements would be found, ...
... premotor areas were present anterior to Brodmann‘s area 4 and that Brodmann‘s area 6 portion of the cortex is not functionally segregated from area 4 but it constitutes a unique complex in which proximal and axial movements are represented. A separate representation of body movements would be found, ...
Frontiers in Zoology - Deep Metazoan Phylogeny
... is potentially artifactual, and are unaware of any morphological synapomorphies shared exclusively by chaetognaths and either nematodes or nematomorphs." They conclude: "Given that chaetognaths have other bilaterian plesiomorphies not found in other ecdysozoans, we suggest that they are more likely ...
... is potentially artifactual, and are unaware of any morphological synapomorphies shared exclusively by chaetognaths and either nematodes or nematomorphs." They conclude: "Given that chaetognaths have other bilaterian plesiomorphies not found in other ecdysozoans, we suggest that they are more likely ...
Diversity of laminar connections linking periarcuate and
... patterns of connections were highly correlated with consistent differences in neuronal density between linked areas. When neuronal density in a prefrontal origin was lower than in the intraparietal destination, most terminations were found in layer I with a concomitant decrease in layer IV. The oppo ...
... patterns of connections were highly correlated with consistent differences in neuronal density between linked areas. When neuronal density in a prefrontal origin was lower than in the intraparietal destination, most terminations were found in layer I with a concomitant decrease in layer IV. The oppo ...
HCN channels are a novel therapeutic target for cognitive
... We generated a novel Nf1 mouse model (the homozygous Nf19a–/9a– mutant), in which the neuron-specific NF1 exon 9acontaining isoform is deleted. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR confirmed the total absence of Nf1 exon 9a-containing mRNA in Nf19a–/9a– mice (Figure 1a and Supplementary Figure 1). C ...
... We generated a novel Nf1 mouse model (the homozygous Nf19a–/9a– mutant), in which the neuron-specific NF1 exon 9acontaining isoform is deleted. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR confirmed the total absence of Nf1 exon 9a-containing mRNA in Nf19a–/9a– mice (Figure 1a and Supplementary Figure 1). C ...
The power of the mind: the cortex as a critical determinant of muscle
... The imagery script was digitized such that this person did not have to actually read the script. Rather, they were charged with monitoring the EMG recordings in real time on a computer monitor and to provide feedback to the subject if any interference EMG was subjectively noted (i.e., activity is ob ...
... The imagery script was digitized such that this person did not have to actually read the script. Rather, they were charged with monitoring the EMG recordings in real time on a computer monitor and to provide feedback to the subject if any interference EMG was subjectively noted (i.e., activity is ob ...
BOLD fMRI study of ultrahigh frequency encoding in the
... Many vertebrates communicate with ultrahigh frequency (UHF) vocalizations to limit auditory detection by predators. The mechanisms underlying the neural encoding of such UHF sounds may provide important insights for understanding neural processing of other complex sounds (e.g. human speeches). In th ...
... Many vertebrates communicate with ultrahigh frequency (UHF) vocalizations to limit auditory detection by predators. The mechanisms underlying the neural encoding of such UHF sounds may provide important insights for understanding neural processing of other complex sounds (e.g. human speeches). In th ...
Blood-Spinal Cord Barrier Alterations in Subacute and Chronic
... chronic ischemic diaschisis (29, 30). Damaged ECs containing numerous autophagosomes and vascular leakage were identified in the contralateral striatum, motor, and somatosensory cortices. This pervasive and long-lasting BBB damage could have major effects on brain functions. Spinal cord injury may a ...
... chronic ischemic diaschisis (29, 30). Damaged ECs containing numerous autophagosomes and vascular leakage were identified in the contralateral striatum, motor, and somatosensory cortices. This pervasive and long-lasting BBB damage could have major effects on brain functions. Spinal cord injury may a ...
Review. Multiple signaling modalities mediated by dendritic
... that in more than 60% of MCNs, axons arise from a dendrite rather than more conventionally from the soma [10,12]. These axon-bearing dendrites may not only be privileged in their ability to influence spiking initiation and overall neuronal output [13], but they could be in turn more efficiently affe ...
... that in more than 60% of MCNs, axons arise from a dendrite rather than more conventionally from the soma [10,12]. These axon-bearing dendrites may not only be privileged in their ability to influence spiking initiation and overall neuronal output [13], but they could be in turn more efficiently affe ...
Comparison of Primate Prefrontal and Inferior Temporal
... sensitive to diagnostic features of categories (Sigala and Logothetis, 2002). Thus, neuronal category selectivity might be similar between the two areas or even stronger in the ITC than the PFC. Alternatively, the PFC may play a more active role in categorization. One model of visual recognition (Ri ...
... sensitive to diagnostic features of categories (Sigala and Logothetis, 2002). Thus, neuronal category selectivity might be similar between the two areas or even stronger in the ITC than the PFC. Alternatively, the PFC may play a more active role in categorization. One model of visual recognition (Ri ...
Multiple signalling modalities mediated by dendritic exocytosis of
... that in more than 60% of MCNs, axons arise from a dendrite rather than more conventionally from the soma [10,12]. These axon-bearing dendrites may not only be privileged in their ability to influence spiking initiation and overall neuronal output [13], but they could be in turn more efficiently affe ...
... that in more than 60% of MCNs, axons arise from a dendrite rather than more conventionally from the soma [10,12]. These axon-bearing dendrites may not only be privileged in their ability to influence spiking initiation and overall neuronal output [13], but they could be in turn more efficiently affe ...
A Circuit for Detection of Interaural Time Differences in the Brain
... (Sullivan and Konishi, 1986). Similar difficulties have been found in recording from the mammalian medial superior olive (Guinan et al., 1972). Action potentials were recorded with a WPI M70 1 DC amplifier. The action potentials were then amplified, filtered, and discriminated by an AC amplifier wit ...
... (Sullivan and Konishi, 1986). Similar difficulties have been found in recording from the mammalian medial superior olive (Guinan et al., 1972). Action potentials were recorded with a WPI M70 1 DC amplifier. The action potentials were then amplified, filtered, and discriminated by an AC amplifier wit ...
Plasticity during stroke recovery: from synapse to behaviour
... their initial injury 12. Similar patterns of improved behavioural performance are also observed in animal stroke models and can be facilitated by behavioural training (FIG. 2), although the time course of post-stroke recovery is typically much shorter in animals. Clinical and biomedical scientists r ...
... their initial injury 12. Similar patterns of improved behavioural performance are also observed in animal stroke models and can be facilitated by behavioural training (FIG. 2), although the time course of post-stroke recovery is typically much shorter in animals. Clinical and biomedical scientists r ...
Modality-Based Organization of Ascending Somatosensory Axons in
... whether this observation truly reflects a modality-based organization in the DDC pathway or it is simply the result of somatosensory fiber re-sorting as they ascend toward the medulla (Whitsel et al., 1970; Willis, 1991). Using a combination of genetic and anatomical approaches, here we show that mo ...
... whether this observation truly reflects a modality-based organization in the DDC pathway or it is simply the result of somatosensory fiber re-sorting as they ascend toward the medulla (Whitsel et al., 1970; Willis, 1991). Using a combination of genetic and anatomical approaches, here we show that mo ...
A computational model of action selection in the basal ganglia. I. A
... An important task for the vertebrate nervous system is the resolution of con¯icts between functional units that are physically separated within the brain but are in competition for behavioural expression. Stated informally, it is the problem of how we decide `what to do next'. This situation is part ...
... An important task for the vertebrate nervous system is the resolution of con¯icts between functional units that are physically separated within the brain but are in competition for behavioural expression. Stated informally, it is the problem of how we decide `what to do next'. This situation is part ...
Poly(A) Binding Protein Nuclear 1 regulates the
... the above predicted targets, we used an in situ hybridization approach with probes recognizing unique sequences of the long 3’UTR for the Camk2a, Gria2 or Grin2a mRNA. We analyzed the signal obtained from confocal imaging of in situ experiments and normalized the signal to the somatic or dendritic c ...
... the above predicted targets, we used an in situ hybridization approach with probes recognizing unique sequences of the long 3’UTR for the Camk2a, Gria2 or Grin2a mRNA. We analyzed the signal obtained from confocal imaging of in situ experiments and normalized the signal to the somatic or dendritic c ...
Olfactory maps, circuits and computations
... olfactory stimulus. The fundamental unit of computation within the olfactory bulb is therefore the glomerulus: glomeruli are genetically-specified channels that uniquely subsample olfactory space within a stereotyped bulbar map of odor identity [18]. Thus, independent of any notion of topography, ch ...
... olfactory stimulus. The fundamental unit of computation within the olfactory bulb is therefore the glomerulus: glomeruli are genetically-specified channels that uniquely subsample olfactory space within a stereotyped bulbar map of odor identity [18]. Thus, independent of any notion of topography, ch ...
Frontal Eye Field Neurons Reflect Covert, Serial Shifts of Attention
... Human imaging and monkey neurophysiology all point to a central role of frontal and parietal cortex in directing attention. For example, they show increases in blood flow during both overt and covert shifts in attention (Corbetta and Shulman, 2002; Hopfinger et al., 2000; Taylor et al., 2008) and ne ...
... Human imaging and monkey neurophysiology all point to a central role of frontal and parietal cortex in directing attention. For example, they show increases in blood flow during both overt and covert shifts in attention (Corbetta and Shulman, 2002; Hopfinger et al., 2000; Taylor et al., 2008) and ne ...
highlighted topics - American Journal of Physiology
... rather than damage to its “gears”). Given that monitoring the entire pacemaking mechanism is currently impossible, distinguishing between an arrested or uncoupled clock is best assayed from multiple outputs. On the other hand, alterations in the free-running period of a rhythm must reflect changes i ...
... rather than damage to its “gears”). Given that monitoring the entire pacemaking mechanism is currently impossible, distinguishing between an arrested or uncoupled clock is best assayed from multiple outputs. On the other hand, alterations in the free-running period of a rhythm must reflect changes i ...
