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... Since the earliest days of life on earth, living creatures have been exposed to a dynamic, constantly changing environment. Only those organisms with the necessary attributes to adapt were able to reproduce successfully and spread their genes forward in the tree of life. Many of the challenges facin ...
... Since the earliest days of life on earth, living creatures have been exposed to a dynamic, constantly changing environment. Only those organisms with the necessary attributes to adapt were able to reproduce successfully and spread their genes forward in the tree of life. Many of the challenges facin ...
The central nervous system.
... As in all vertebrates, the only primary sensory receptor cells in teleosts are located in the olfactory mucosa, i.e., the axons of these cells represent the primary olfactory projections (fila olfactoria, olfactory nerve) and reach the glomerular layer of the olfactory bulbs.172 The number of glomer ...
... As in all vertebrates, the only primary sensory receptor cells in teleosts are located in the olfactory mucosa, i.e., the axons of these cells represent the primary olfactory projections (fila olfactoria, olfactory nerve) and reach the glomerular layer of the olfactory bulbs.172 The number of glomer ...
Delayed Puberty but Normal Fertility in Mice With Selective Deletion
... plays a pivotal role in the regulation of reproduction. Indeed, insulin has been shown to activate GnRH and LH secretion in vitro (8, 9). Mice that lack insulin signaling in brain neurons (NIRKO mice) exhibit hypothalamic hypogonadism (10) and a delay in puberty (11). Moreover, diabetic rats display ...
... plays a pivotal role in the regulation of reproduction. Indeed, insulin has been shown to activate GnRH and LH secretion in vitro (8, 9). Mice that lack insulin signaling in brain neurons (NIRKO mice) exhibit hypothalamic hypogonadism (10) and a delay in puberty (11). Moreover, diabetic rats display ...
NIH Public Access
... (2002) demonstrated that SPRR1A is highly induced in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons one week after sciatic nerve transection (protein increased more than 60-fold from whole DRGs). Immunohistochemistry demonstrated expression of SPRR1A in DRG neuronal cell bodies and regenerating peripheral axons ...
... (2002) demonstrated that SPRR1A is highly induced in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons one week after sciatic nerve transection (protein increased more than 60-fold from whole DRGs). Immunohistochemistry demonstrated expression of SPRR1A in DRG neuronal cell bodies and regenerating peripheral axons ...
Document
... helps control the functioning of most internal organs Controls hormone secretion by anterior and posterior pituitary glands; therefore, it indirectly helps control hormone secretion by most other endocrine glands Contains centers for controlling body temperature, appetite, wakefulness, and pleasure ...
... helps control the functioning of most internal organs Controls hormone secretion by anterior and posterior pituitary glands; therefore, it indirectly helps control hormone secretion by most other endocrine glands Contains centers for controlling body temperature, appetite, wakefulness, and pleasure ...
Neurophysiological involvement in hypervolemic hyponatremia
... mechanoreceptors and glial modulation. In neurons, osmosensing mechanoreceptors were initially identified as stretch-modulated cation channels [25] and now are associated to the transient receptor potential (TRP) vanilloid (V) family cation channel proteins. The osmosensory ability of SON neurons is ...
... mechanoreceptors and glial modulation. In neurons, osmosensing mechanoreceptors were initially identified as stretch-modulated cation channels [25] and now are associated to the transient receptor potential (TRP) vanilloid (V) family cation channel proteins. The osmosensory ability of SON neurons is ...
ORGANIZATION OF NEUROPIL
... commissures. The fibers of the tracts are either axons or extended, unbranched portions of the dendritic arborizations. 4) The fourth and final division is the central neuropil, the neuron feltwork. In many cases it represents the major portion of the ganglion. The term neuropil, however, has beef, ...
... commissures. The fibers of the tracts are either axons or extended, unbranched portions of the dendritic arborizations. 4) The fourth and final division is the central neuropil, the neuron feltwork. In many cases it represents the major portion of the ganglion. The term neuropil, however, has beef, ...
Control of Appetite and Food Preference by NMDA Receptor and Its
... that influence homeostatic appetite can also affect the hedonic aspect of appetite. Furthermore, the melanocortin system is capable of regulating mesocorticolimbic activity and food seeking behavior [29]. In summary, internal metabolic and physiological signals can affect both aspects of appetite, a ...
... that influence homeostatic appetite can also affect the hedonic aspect of appetite. Furthermore, the melanocortin system is capable of regulating mesocorticolimbic activity and food seeking behavior [29]. In summary, internal metabolic and physiological signals can affect both aspects of appetite, a ...
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... their integration into functional neuronal circuits. The largest nucleus of the basal ganglia, the striatum, contains two classes of neurons: the principal population of medium-sized dense spiny neurons (MSNs; 97-98% of all striatal neurons in rodents), which project to the globus pallidus and the s ...
... their integration into functional neuronal circuits. The largest nucleus of the basal ganglia, the striatum, contains two classes of neurons: the principal population of medium-sized dense spiny neurons (MSNs; 97-98% of all striatal neurons in rodents), which project to the globus pallidus and the s ...
Apparent Loss and Hypertrophy of Interneurons in a Mouse Model
... other tissues (Koenig, 1964; Haltia et al., 1973; Dyken, 1988; Goebel, 1995). Ultrastructurally, these electron-dense accumulations exhibit granular, curvilinear, or fingerprint-like appearances that are characteristic for each form of NCL (Santavuori, 1988; Goebel, 1995, 1997). Biochemical studies ...
... other tissues (Koenig, 1964; Haltia et al., 1973; Dyken, 1988; Goebel, 1995). Ultrastructurally, these electron-dense accumulations exhibit granular, curvilinear, or fingerprint-like appearances that are characteristic for each form of NCL (Santavuori, 1988; Goebel, 1995, 1997). Biochemical studies ...
Structural Changes in AMPA-Receptive Neurons in the Nucleus of
... the light microscopic level, GluR1 was found primarily in small punctate structures and in cell bodies (Figures 1A and 1B). At the electron microscopic level, GluR1 was found primarily at postsynaptic sites, particularly in small dendrites and dendritic spines (see below). Based on the comparisons b ...
... the light microscopic level, GluR1 was found primarily in small punctate structures and in cell bodies (Figures 1A and 1B). At the electron microscopic level, GluR1 was found primarily at postsynaptic sites, particularly in small dendrites and dendritic spines (see below). Based on the comparisons b ...
The role of sodium channels in neuropathic pain
... activation threshold and display rapid inactivation. TTX-S currents represent multiple subtypes of sodium channel reflected by the diversity of ␣ subunits [6,7] and the range of inactivation kinetics in different fibre types [8]. TTX-R currents have been detected in small, where they are most promin ...
... activation threshold and display rapid inactivation. TTX-S currents represent multiple subtypes of sodium channel reflected by the diversity of ␣ subunits [6,7] and the range of inactivation kinetics in different fibre types [8]. TTX-R currents have been detected in small, where they are most promin ...
Down - 서울대 : Biointelligence lab
... Influence of activity in other parts of the colliculus on the activity of each neuron This influence has the characteristics of short-distance excitation and long-distance inhibition Able to produce many behavioural findings for the variations in the time required to initiate a fast eye moveme ...
... Influence of activity in other parts of the colliculus on the activity of each neuron This influence has the characteristics of short-distance excitation and long-distance inhibition Able to produce many behavioural findings for the variations in the time required to initiate a fast eye moveme ...
Functional anatomy of neural circuits regulating fear and extinction
... population of active cells and PSD-95:Venus localized to synaptodendritic compartment (Figs. 1 and 2). mRNA and proteins encoded by immediate early genes such as c-Fos, Arc, or Homer are widely used as markers of neuronal activation in behavioral studies including studies on fear (16). However, they ...
... population of active cells and PSD-95:Venus localized to synaptodendritic compartment (Figs. 1 and 2). mRNA and proteins encoded by immediate early genes such as c-Fos, Arc, or Homer are widely used as markers of neuronal activation in behavioral studies including studies on fear (16). However, they ...
Spontaneous activity in developing sensory circuits
... the sense organ, spontaneous bursts of activity in the spinal cord cause myclonic jerks in the various muscles, resulting in ‘spontaneous’ sensory input that is carried to the cortex (Khazipov et al., 2004; Kreider and Blumberg, 2000). In short, data from animal models predict significant ‘resting-st ...
... the sense organ, spontaneous bursts of activity in the spinal cord cause myclonic jerks in the various muscles, resulting in ‘spontaneous’ sensory input that is carried to the cortex (Khazipov et al., 2004; Kreider and Blumberg, 2000). In short, data from animal models predict significant ‘resting-st ...
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... he ventral intraparietal area (VIP) in the monkey brain receives convergent input from visual, somatosensory, and motor areas (1, 2). Neurons in VIP respond to visual and somatosensory stimuli, with a relative emphasis on stimuli that are near, approaching, or touching the head (3–5). Many neurons a ...
... he ventral intraparietal area (VIP) in the monkey brain receives convergent input from visual, somatosensory, and motor areas (1, 2). Neurons in VIP respond to visual and somatosensory stimuli, with a relative emphasis on stimuli that are near, approaching, or touching the head (3–5). Many neurons a ...
Genetic Ablation of Orexin Neurons in Mice Results in Narcolepsy
... we did not observe any evidence of gliosis in the hypothalamus of orexin/ataxin-3 mice (Figure 2D). Taken together, these observations suggest that orexin-containing neurons are both postnatally and specifically removed in orexin/ataxin-3 transgenic mice. Behavioral Arrests in Orexin/Ataxin-3 Mice i ...
... we did not observe any evidence of gliosis in the hypothalamus of orexin/ataxin-3 mice (Figure 2D). Taken together, these observations suggest that orexin-containing neurons are both postnatally and specifically removed in orexin/ataxin-3 transgenic mice. Behavioral Arrests in Orexin/Ataxin-3 Mice i ...
Goodwin S.F., Taylor, B.J., Villella, A., Foss, M., Ryner, L. C., Baker, B. S., and Hall, J. C.
... the head of a recently identified branch of the sexdetermination hierarchy (Ryner et al. 1996) that is required for most, if not all, steps of male courtship behavior (for reviews see Hall 1994; Taylor et al. 1994; Cobb and Ferveur 1996; Yamamoto et al. 1998). In addition to its male-specific functi ...
... the head of a recently identified branch of the sexdetermination hierarchy (Ryner et al. 1996) that is required for most, if not all, steps of male courtship behavior (for reviews see Hall 1994; Taylor et al. 1994; Cobb and Ferveur 1996; Yamamoto et al. 1998). In addition to its male-specific functi ...
Ensemble Patterns of Hippocampal CA3
... larger number of electrode pairs at this distance. Discharge Rates and Synchrony in CA1 and CA3 Regions We measured population synchrony (defined as the percent of discharging pyramidal cells in 5–100 ms time windows) separately in the CA3 and CA1 regions (Figures 3C and 3D), during large amplitude ...
... larger number of electrode pairs at this distance. Discharge Rates and Synchrony in CA1 and CA3 Regions We measured population synchrony (defined as the percent of discharging pyramidal cells in 5–100 ms time windows) separately in the CA3 and CA1 regions (Figures 3C and 3D), during large amplitude ...
Glia–Neuron Interactions in Nervous System Function
... sense, easier to define than glia. Although these cells come in myriad shapes and sizes, they share a number of basic properties. Neurons conduct fast currents and connect to other neurons, or to terminal cells (such as muscles or gland cells), by synapses or gap junctions. They also extend processe ...
... sense, easier to define than glia. Although these cells come in myriad shapes and sizes, they share a number of basic properties. Neurons conduct fast currents and connect to other neurons, or to terminal cells (such as muscles or gland cells), by synapses or gap junctions. They also extend processe ...