Serum kisspeptin levels across different phases of the menstrual
... of kisspeptin and oestradiol both increased statistically significantly in the preovulatory phase when compared with the early follicular phase (table 1). Hence, our study indicates that as the sex-steroid milieu (oestrogen and progesterone) fluctuates during the different phases of the female menst ...
... of kisspeptin and oestradiol both increased statistically significantly in the preovulatory phase when compared with the early follicular phase (table 1). Hence, our study indicates that as the sex-steroid milieu (oestrogen and progesterone) fluctuates during the different phases of the female menst ...
The Relation between Dendritic Geometry
... We recorded basic parameters describing the electrical excitability of the neurons that have been typically used in the literature. A sequence of depolarizing 500-ms-long rectangular current pulses of varying amplitudes was applied, and the action potential (AP) sequences were recorded. For analysis ...
... We recorded basic parameters describing the electrical excitability of the neurons that have been typically used in the literature. A sequence of depolarizing 500-ms-long rectangular current pulses of varying amplitudes was applied, and the action potential (AP) sequences were recorded. For analysis ...
Neurobiological Mechanisms Underlying Oestradiol Negative and
... ERa that prevent only its association with oestrogen response elements, but leave other genomic and non-genomic signalling modalities intact, do not exhibit the oestradiol-induced changes in GnRH neurone activity that wild-type mice do (33, 34). These data, in combination with the failure of the vas ...
... ERa that prevent only its association with oestrogen response elements, but leave other genomic and non-genomic signalling modalities intact, do not exhibit the oestradiol-induced changes in GnRH neurone activity that wild-type mice do (33, 34). These data, in combination with the failure of the vas ...
Neural correlates of stimulus–response and response–outcome
... and movements should be represented in dorsomedial but not dorsolateral striatum, whereas associations between cues and responses, independent of reward value, should be represented in neural activity in dorsolateral but not dorsomedial striatum. Additionally, neural activity in dorsomedial striatum ...
... and movements should be represented in dorsomedial but not dorsolateral striatum, whereas associations between cues and responses, independent of reward value, should be represented in neural activity in dorsolateral but not dorsomedial striatum. Additionally, neural activity in dorsomedial striatum ...
Full Text - Harvard University
... specific drive alone may be sufficient to explain motivated behaviors, as 'by the time we have discovered what the associative determinants are for any particular behavior, there is very little left for [drive] to explain' (Bolles 1975). Therefore, the need to introduce a general drive variable may ...
... specific drive alone may be sufficient to explain motivated behaviors, as 'by the time we have discovered what the associative determinants are for any particular behavior, there is very little left for [drive] to explain' (Bolles 1975). Therefore, the need to introduce a general drive variable may ...
Gene expression and specificity in the mature zone of the lobster
... Timothy S. McClintock. Gene expression and specificity in the mature zone of the lobster olfactory organ. Physiol Genomics 25: 224 –233, 2006; doi:10.1152/physiolgenomics.00276.2005.—The lobster olfactory organ is an important model for investigating many aspects of the olfactory system. To facilita ...
... Timothy S. McClintock. Gene expression and specificity in the mature zone of the lobster olfactory organ. Physiol Genomics 25: 224 –233, 2006; doi:10.1152/physiolgenomics.00276.2005.—The lobster olfactory organ is an important model for investigating many aspects of the olfactory system. To facilita ...
The Optic Tectum in Fishes
... coarse bar patterns, but not the fine patterns that they can normally discriminate. The ability of goldfish to discriminate colors is also restored, apparently to normal, after optic nerve regeneration but this observation alone does not mean that tectum is involved - the PTP nuclei (see below) also ...
... coarse bar patterns, but not the fine patterns that they can normally discriminate. The ability of goldfish to discriminate colors is also restored, apparently to normal, after optic nerve regeneration but this observation alone does not mean that tectum is involved - the PTP nuclei (see below) also ...
download file
... enriched housing cage had four levels linked by ramps (Fig. 1B). Hanging chains and wind chimes hung over the entrance of two levels and produced unique sounds with rat movements. A rat’s movement onto two of the three ramps triggered delivery of a ramp-specific tone (lowest ramp ⫽ 2.1 kHz; highest ...
... enriched housing cage had four levels linked by ramps (Fig. 1B). Hanging chains and wind chimes hung over the entrance of two levels and produced unique sounds with rat movements. A rat’s movement onto two of the three ramps triggered delivery of a ramp-specific tone (lowest ramp ⫽ 2.1 kHz; highest ...
Afferent Fiber Remodeling in the Somatosensory Thalamus of Mice
... recruited onto a V2 VPM neuron [infraorbital nerve cut (IONC) model; Takeuchi et al., 2012]. Together with evidence accumulated in in vivo studies, we hypothesized that newly recruited lemniscal fibers originate from different sources, other than the whisker sensory principle trigeminal nucleus (PrV ...
... recruited onto a V2 VPM neuron [infraorbital nerve cut (IONC) model; Takeuchi et al., 2012]. Together with evidence accumulated in in vivo studies, we hypothesized that newly recruited lemniscal fibers originate from different sources, other than the whisker sensory principle trigeminal nucleus (PrV ...
PDF
... appears to be related to an increase in the level of p75 mRNA (Wyatt et al., 1990) and labelling of the neurons by iodinated NGF (Davies et al., 1987). In our current study, we have used a quantitative PCR amplification technique to study the regulation of p75 and trkA mRNA levels in lowdensity diss ...
... appears to be related to an increase in the level of p75 mRNA (Wyatt et al., 1990) and labelling of the neurons by iodinated NGF (Davies et al., 1987). In our current study, we have used a quantitative PCR amplification technique to study the regulation of p75 and trkA mRNA levels in lowdensity diss ...
Midbrain Dopamine Neurons Encode a Quantitative Reward
... shading at the top of each block indicating the largest available reward. Note that the subject manages, in general, to select delays that yield rewards, but also note that the size of the reward earned on each trial varies across the range of possible reward values. To quantify this behavior, Figur ...
... shading at the top of each block indicating the largest available reward. Note that the subject manages, in general, to select delays that yield rewards, but also note that the size of the reward earned on each trial varies across the range of possible reward values. To quantify this behavior, Figur ...
Read as PDF
... We found strong bidirectional electrical connections between B66 and three cells that are active during the radula opening/ protraction phase of ingestive motor programs [i.e., B61/62 (Hurwitz et al., 1994, 1996), B48 (Church and Lloyd, 1994; Evans et al., 1996), and B13 (Gardner, 1977; Church and L ...
... We found strong bidirectional electrical connections between B66 and three cells that are active during the radula opening/ protraction phase of ingestive motor programs [i.e., B61/62 (Hurwitz et al., 1994, 1996), B48 (Church and Lloyd, 1994; Evans et al., 1996), and B13 (Gardner, 1977; Church and L ...
Table of Contents
... (Figure 4B). Thus, the RMEs appear to limit the extent of head deflection during foraging. The RMEs receive input from sensory neurons of the head and nose; for example, SMB and SAA innervate the ipsilateral RME, either directly or indirectly (Figure 4C). Both of these neurons have long undifferenti ...
... (Figure 4B). Thus, the RMEs appear to limit the extent of head deflection during foraging. The RMEs receive input from sensory neurons of the head and nose; for example, SMB and SAA innervate the ipsilateral RME, either directly or indirectly (Figure 4C). Both of these neurons have long undifferenti ...
Inan et al., 2006
... these three barrels was calculated for each animal and compared between genotypes. All counts were done blind to the genotype. Hematoxylin and eosin staining. Whisker pads of the lesioned (right) and control (left) side were removed from the snout and fixed with 4% PFA overnight at 4°C. PFA (4%) was ...
... these three barrels was calculated for each animal and compared between genotypes. All counts were done blind to the genotype. Hematoxylin and eosin staining. Whisker pads of the lesioned (right) and control (left) side were removed from the snout and fixed with 4% PFA overnight at 4°C. PFA (4%) was ...
involvement of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis activated by
... phine withdrawal-induced CPA (Maldonado et al., 1992; Stinus et al., 1990). Furthermore, we and other groups reported that excitotoxic lesion of the Ce (Kelsey and Arnold, 1994; Watanabe et al., 2002b), or microinjection of -adrenoceptor antagonists into the Ce (Watanabe et al., 2003) or the BST (D ...
... phine withdrawal-induced CPA (Maldonado et al., 1992; Stinus et al., 1990). Furthermore, we and other groups reported that excitotoxic lesion of the Ce (Kelsey and Arnold, 1994; Watanabe et al., 2002b), or microinjection of -adrenoceptor antagonists into the Ce (Watanabe et al., 2003) or the BST (D ...
“left or right” Decision-making beyond
... (Heekeren et al., 2006) revealed a candidate brain region for abstract representation of perceptual decisions, the left posterior dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). This invites to the speculation that humans, unlike nonhuman primates, may have evolved a more abstract decisionmaking circuitry, ...
... (Heekeren et al., 2006) revealed a candidate brain region for abstract representation of perceptual decisions, the left posterior dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). This invites to the speculation that humans, unlike nonhuman primates, may have evolved a more abstract decisionmaking circuitry, ...
Muscle tone regulation during REM sleep
... volumes of carbachol injected into the subcoeruleus produced REM sleep with the shortest latency compared to when injected in other brainstem regions, including the oral pontine nucleus and gigantoceullar tegmental field (FTG), the two most studied regions for the cholinergic control of REM sleep (V ...
... volumes of carbachol injected into the subcoeruleus produced REM sleep with the shortest latency compared to when injected in other brainstem regions, including the oral pontine nucleus and gigantoceullar tegmental field (FTG), the two most studied regions for the cholinergic control of REM sleep (V ...
Rearrangement of microtubule polarity orientation during conversion
... microtubule polarity orientation in neuronal processes. Microtubule polarity orientation in such processes is an important determinant of their differentiation and maintenance because of the role of microtubules as guiding rails for membrane traffic and the delivery of dendriteor axon-specific protein ...
... microtubule polarity orientation in neuronal processes. Microtubule polarity orientation in such processes is an important determinant of their differentiation and maintenance because of the role of microtubules as guiding rails for membrane traffic and the delivery of dendriteor axon-specific protein ...
Linear visuomotor transformations in midbrain superior colliculus
... system invariantly employ linear transfer characteristics to describe these other types of neurons. Third, even though oculomotor neurons do have nonlinear characteristics (they essentially behave as rectifiers, since they are recruited beyond a threshold), it is thought that the output of the total ...
... system invariantly employ linear transfer characteristics to describe these other types of neurons. Third, even though oculomotor neurons do have nonlinear characteristics (they essentially behave as rectifiers, since they are recruited beyond a threshold), it is thought that the output of the total ...
