Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Reelin Signaling in the Adult
... pave the path for new disciplines. Finally, the most recent and formative phase of my metamorphosis, has been under the tutelage of Dr. Edwin Weeber, who has provided unbridled support for my countless curiosities and epitomized the loving mentor that every graduate student longs for. One of the mos ...
... pave the path for new disciplines. Finally, the most recent and formative phase of my metamorphosis, has been under the tutelage of Dr. Edwin Weeber, who has provided unbridled support for my countless curiosities and epitomized the loving mentor that every graduate student longs for. One of the mos ...
Orexin/Hypocretin: A Neuropeptide at the Interface of Sleep, Energy
... II. Orexin and orexin receptors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A. Identification of orexin (Hypocretin) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B. Orex ...
... II. Orexin and orexin receptors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A. Identification of orexin (Hypocretin) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B. Orex ...
Distinct Roles for Somatically and Dendritically Synthesized Brain
... Dendritic spines undergo the processes of formation, maturation, and pruning during development. Molecular mechanisms controlling spine maturation and pruning remain largely unknown. The gene for brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) produces two pools of mRNA, with either a short or long 3⬘ untr ...
... Dendritic spines undergo the processes of formation, maturation, and pruning during development. Molecular mechanisms controlling spine maturation and pruning remain largely unknown. The gene for brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) produces two pools of mRNA, with either a short or long 3⬘ untr ...
Theta Modulation in the Medial and the Lateral Entorhinal Cortices
... doi:10.1152/jn.01141.2009. Hippocampal neurons show a strong modulation by theta frequency oscillations. This modulation is thought to be important not only for temporal encoding and decoding of information in the hippocampal system, but also for temporal ordering of neuronal activities on timescale ...
... doi:10.1152/jn.01141.2009. Hippocampal neurons show a strong modulation by theta frequency oscillations. This modulation is thought to be important not only for temporal encoding and decoding of information in the hippocampal system, but also for temporal ordering of neuronal activities on timescale ...
A decade of the anaphase-promoting complex in the nervous system
... Kramer et al. 2000). Characterization of the functions and regulation of Cdh1–APC and Cdc20–APC in dividing cells has provided invaluable clues for our understanding of the novel functions and mechanisms of the anaphasepromoting complex in the nervous system. Identification of functions of the anaph ...
... Kramer et al. 2000). Characterization of the functions and regulation of Cdh1–APC and Cdc20–APC in dividing cells has provided invaluable clues for our understanding of the novel functions and mechanisms of the anaphasepromoting complex in the nervous system. Identification of functions of the anaph ...
Implication of novel neurotransmitter systems in the regulation of
... axis is formed by the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-producing neurons which release their neurohormone content into the portal circulation of the hypophysis in a pulsatile manner. The episodic hormone release from the GnRH axon terminals results in a rhythmic discharge of the two gonadotropi ...
... axis is formed by the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-producing neurons which release their neurohormone content into the portal circulation of the hypophysis in a pulsatile manner. The episodic hormone release from the GnRH axon terminals results in a rhythmic discharge of the two gonadotropi ...
Potential switch from eupnea to fictive gasping after blockade of
... exhibit a single decrementing pattern, with little variation, which is similar to the gasp in vivo (30, 43, 44). The in situ perfused preparation also allows for administration of pharmacological agents that would be incompatible with viability of in vivo preparations. Of course, it is recognized th ...
... exhibit a single decrementing pattern, with little variation, which is similar to the gasp in vivo (30, 43, 44). The in situ perfused preparation also allows for administration of pharmacological agents that would be incompatible with viability of in vivo preparations. Of course, it is recognized th ...
Examination of Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone (TRH)
... indicates that D1 contributes significantly to the circulating T3 concentration only in hyperthyroid patients, but not in healthy subjects [18, 19]. Therefore, currently D1 is considered a thyroid hormone inactivating enzyme in euthyroid conditions by producing inactive rT3 or T2 [14]. The liver and ...
... indicates that D1 contributes significantly to the circulating T3 concentration only in hyperthyroid patients, but not in healthy subjects [18, 19]. Therefore, currently D1 is considered a thyroid hormone inactivating enzyme in euthyroid conditions by producing inactive rT3 or T2 [14]. The liver and ...
electrophysiological and synaptic properties of rat superior and
... these identified neurons were compared between NT and DOCA-salt HT rats using intracellular recording techniques. I found that the amplitude of the depolarization induced by exogenous nicotine is reduced in both vein- and artery-projecting neurons from HT but not NT rats. Application of exogenous gl ...
... these identified neurons were compared between NT and DOCA-salt HT rats using intracellular recording techniques. I found that the amplitude of the depolarization induced by exogenous nicotine is reduced in both vein- and artery-projecting neurons from HT but not NT rats. Application of exogenous gl ...
The physiological role of orexin/hypocretin neurons in the regulation
... is reported to be sufficient to express genes in orexin-containing neurons (Sakurai et al., 1999; Moriguchi et al., 2002). In situ hybridization of prepro-orexin shows orexin-containing neurons are located in the LHA. Prepro-orexin mRNA was shown to be upregulated under fasting conditions, indicating ...
... is reported to be sufficient to express genes in orexin-containing neurons (Sakurai et al., 1999; Moriguchi et al., 2002). In situ hybridization of prepro-orexin shows orexin-containing neurons are located in the LHA. Prepro-orexin mRNA was shown to be upregulated under fasting conditions, indicating ...
- Wiley Online Library
... of each projection. Abbreviations: 5-HT, serotonin; Exp, active (abdominal) expiration; fR , breathing frequency; Insp, inspiration; KF, Kölliker–Fuse nucleus; lPBN, lateral parabrachial nuclei; LRt, lateral reticular nucleus; NA, nucleus ambiguus; NTS, nucleus of the solitary tract; OAE, oscillato ...
... of each projection. Abbreviations: 5-HT, serotonin; Exp, active (abdominal) expiration; fR , breathing frequency; Insp, inspiration; KF, Kölliker–Fuse nucleus; lPBN, lateral parabrachial nuclei; LRt, lateral reticular nucleus; NA, nucleus ambiguus; NTS, nucleus of the solitary tract; OAE, oscillato ...
The Roles of the Amygdala and the Hippocampus in Fear
... unpleasant and used to investigate the neural mechanisms of emotional learning across a wide range of species, especially in rats. The fear conditioning experiment tests a rat’s response to a specific stimulus and measures how the responses change after learning. In the pre-training stage, the rat r ...
... unpleasant and used to investigate the neural mechanisms of emotional learning across a wide range of species, especially in rats. The fear conditioning experiment tests a rat’s response to a specific stimulus and measures how the responses change after learning. In the pre-training stage, the rat r ...
Inhibitory Gating of Basolateral Amygdala Inputs to the Prefrontal
... al., 2012). BLA inputs selectively innervate CA neurons, establishing a mechanism for reciprocal interactions (Little and Carter, 2013). However, the overall influence of BLA inputs could be inhibitory if connections are stronger onto local GABAergic interneurons. The PFC also possesses a variety of ...
... al., 2012). BLA inputs selectively innervate CA neurons, establishing a mechanism for reciprocal interactions (Little and Carter, 2013). However, the overall influence of BLA inputs could be inhibitory if connections are stronger onto local GABAergic interneurons. The PFC also possesses a variety of ...
Apparent Loss and Hypertrophy of Interneurons in a Mouse Model
... The neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCL) are progressive neurodegenerative disorders with onset from infancy to adulthood that are manifested by blindness, seizures, and dementia. In NCL, lysosomes accumulate autofluorescent proteolipid in the brain and other tissues. The mnd/mnd mutant mouse was fi ...
... The neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCL) are progressive neurodegenerative disorders with onset from infancy to adulthood that are manifested by blindness, seizures, and dementia. In NCL, lysosomes accumulate autofluorescent proteolipid in the brain and other tissues. The mnd/mnd mutant mouse was fi ...
Are there differences between the secretion characteristics of NGF
... changes in the knockout animals. The importance of BDNF for the formation of LTP is further supported by the observation that treatment of hippocampal slices with TrkB receptor bodies inhibited the generation of theta-burst stimulation induced LTP (Kang et al., 1997). The natural onset of LTP expres ...
... changes in the knockout animals. The importance of BDNF for the formation of LTP is further supported by the observation that treatment of hippocampal slices with TrkB receptor bodies inhibited the generation of theta-burst stimulation induced LTP (Kang et al., 1997). The natural onset of LTP expres ...
Structure and Function of the Brain Serotonin System
... highly regular discharge pattern, which was established as a bioelectric “signature” for this neurochemical group of neurons. The last set of advances relevant to this review conterns the plastic nature of brain serotonergic neurons and involves three related research areas: development of specific ...
... highly regular discharge pattern, which was established as a bioelectric “signature” for this neurochemical group of neurons. The last set of advances relevant to this review conterns the plastic nature of brain serotonergic neurons and involves three related research areas: development of specific ...
Proopiomelanocortin Neurons in Nucleus Tractus Solitarius Are
... Breeding, housing, and genotyping of mice. POMC–EGFP transgenic mice were housed on a 14/10 h light/dark cycle at an ambient temperature in the Department of Comparative Medicine murine-specific pathogenfree facility. Mouse chow (Purina Mills, St. Louis, MO) and water were provided ad libitum. Genot ...
... Breeding, housing, and genotyping of mice. POMC–EGFP transgenic mice were housed on a 14/10 h light/dark cycle at an ambient temperature in the Department of Comparative Medicine murine-specific pathogenfree facility. Mouse chow (Purina Mills, St. Louis, MO) and water were provided ad libitum. Genot ...
Glossopharyngeal Nerve Transection Eliminates
... (K PBS)] for 20 min, rinsed in K PBS, and then incubated with Fos antibody (lot number A055; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA) at a dilution of 1:10,000 in 0.4% Triton X-100 in K PBS for 72 hr at 4°C. The sections were then rinsed with K PBS, placed for 4 hr in biotinylated goat anti-rabbit ...
... (K PBS)] for 20 min, rinsed in K PBS, and then incubated with Fos antibody (lot number A055; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA) at a dilution of 1:10,000 in 0.4% Triton X-100 in K PBS for 72 hr at 4°C. The sections were then rinsed with K PBS, placed for 4 hr in biotinylated goat anti-rabbit ...
Activity dynamics and behavioral correlates of CA3 and CA1
... The CA3 and CA1 pyramidal neurons are the major principal cell types of the hippocampus proper. The strongly recurrent collateral system of CA3 cells and the largely parallel-organized CA1 neurons suggest that these regions perform distinct computations. However, a comprehensive comparison between C ...
... The CA3 and CA1 pyramidal neurons are the major principal cell types of the hippocampus proper. The strongly recurrent collateral system of CA3 cells and the largely parallel-organized CA1 neurons suggest that these regions perform distinct computations. However, a comprehensive comparison between C ...
Discharge Patterns of Neurons in the Ventral Nucleus of the Lateral
... Six female Dutch-belted rabbits (;2 kg) with clean external ears were used in these experiments. The preparatory surgery already has been described (Batra and Fitzpatrick 1997). Each rabbit was prepared for recording in two steps. During both steps, the rabbit was anesthetized with a mixture of keta ...
... Six female Dutch-belted rabbits (;2 kg) with clean external ears were used in these experiments. The preparatory surgery already has been described (Batra and Fitzpatrick 1997). Each rabbit was prepared for recording in two steps. During both steps, the rabbit was anesthetized with a mixture of keta ...
The supramammillary area: its organization, functions
... control the frequency of the rhythmic phasic firing of hippocampal cells (theta activity) via a relay in the medial septum (MS). These two types of interaction with the hippocampus are functionally separate and anatomically distinct. But they are of such a kind (controlling general tone and controll ...
... control the frequency of the rhythmic phasic firing of hippocampal cells (theta activity) via a relay in the medial septum (MS). These two types of interaction with the hippocampus are functionally separate and anatomically distinct. But they are of such a kind (controlling general tone and controll ...
Kazumi TAKAHASHI†*, Jian-Sheng LIN† and Kazuya - HAL
... The preoptic area (POA) of the anterior hypothalamus and the adjacent basal forebrain (BFB) play an important role in the regulation of homeostatic and cognitive processes, including blood pressure, thermoregulation, sexual behavior, attention, learning, and cortical activity (Boulant and Dean, 1986 ...
... The preoptic area (POA) of the anterior hypothalamus and the adjacent basal forebrain (BFB) play an important role in the regulation of homeostatic and cognitive processes, including blood pressure, thermoregulation, sexual behavior, attention, learning, and cortical activity (Boulant and Dean, 1986 ...
Gamma Oscillations in the Hippocampus
... It has long been known that gamma oscillations emerge in sensory cortices in response to sensory stimulation (1, 67). Interest in gamma oscillations increased in the 1980s when researchers began to suspect that gamma oscillations in sensory cortices offered a possible solution to the so-called “bind ...
... It has long been known that gamma oscillations emerge in sensory cortices in response to sensory stimulation (1, 67). Interest in gamma oscillations increased in the 1980s when researchers began to suspect that gamma oscillations in sensory cortices offered a possible solution to the so-called “bind ...
HCN channels are a novel therapeutic target for cognitive
... Consistent with the relatively high abundance of this neuronal isoform in the hippocampus, total Nf1 mRNA was reduced by 36 ± 7% (n = 9, Figure 1b), with concomitant reduction of total neurofibromin protein (a reduction of 39 ± 2% in the hippocampus, n = 11; Figures 1b and c). Nf19a–/9a– mice were bo ...
... Consistent with the relatively high abundance of this neuronal isoform in the hippocampus, total Nf1 mRNA was reduced by 36 ± 7% (n = 9, Figure 1b), with concomitant reduction of total neurofibromin protein (a reduction of 39 ± 2% in the hippocampus, n = 11; Figures 1b and c). Nf19a–/9a– mice were bo ...
Magel2 Is Required for Leptin-Mediated Depolarization of POMC
... Prader-Willi Syndrome is the most common syndromic form of human obesity and is caused by the loss of function of several genes, including MAGEL2. Mice lacking Magel2 display increased weight gain with excess adiposity and other defects suggestive of hypothalamic deficiency. We demonstrate Magel2-nu ...
... Prader-Willi Syndrome is the most common syndromic form of human obesity and is caused by the loss of function of several genes, including MAGEL2. Mice lacking Magel2 display increased weight gain with excess adiposity and other defects suggestive of hypothalamic deficiency. We demonstrate Magel2-nu ...