Local network regulation of orexin neurons in the lateral hypothalamus
... brainstem (101, 102, 104). Such extensive connectivity is thought to represent the anatomical underpinning that supports sleep-wake regulation (10, 90, 106), energy homeostasis, as well as cognitive, reward-related, and emotion-related functions (8, 24, 103). There are a number of neuronal populatio ...
... brainstem (101, 102, 104). Such extensive connectivity is thought to represent the anatomical underpinning that supports sleep-wake regulation (10, 90, 106), energy homeostasis, as well as cognitive, reward-related, and emotion-related functions (8, 24, 103). There are a number of neuronal populatio ...
Article - Perelman School of Medicine at the University of
... We next examined the fate of CTh neurons in Sox5!/! cortex. While TBR1-expressing neurons remain mostly confined to layer VI, there is a subtle but distinct local dispersion of these neurons and blurred laminar borders (Figures 2I and 2J). Additional analysis using TLE4, a marker for layer VI and V ...
... We next examined the fate of CTh neurons in Sox5!/! cortex. While TBR1-expressing neurons remain mostly confined to layer VI, there is a subtle but distinct local dispersion of these neurons and blurred laminar borders (Figures 2I and 2J). Additional analysis using TLE4, a marker for layer VI and V ...
Disease Modeling Using Embryonic Stem Cells
... in postmitotic forebrain neurons has been shown to recapitulate important aspects of the disease [4, 5]. Most interestingly, global or neuron-selective re-expression of MeCP2 in animals deprived of MeCP2 for a few weeks after birth markedly improves the symptoms of affected animals and significantly ...
... in postmitotic forebrain neurons has been shown to recapitulate important aspects of the disease [4, 5]. Most interestingly, global or neuron-selective re-expression of MeCP2 in animals deprived of MeCP2 for a few weeks after birth markedly improves the symptoms of affected animals and significantly ...
A transcription factor network controls cell migration
... order to establish precise connectivity patterns (for a review, see Guillemot, 2007). However, the exact mechanisms that fine-tune the specification of the myriad of neuronal subtypes remain unknown. This is exemplified by cell-type specification in vertebrate retinal development, during which one g ...
... order to establish precise connectivity patterns (for a review, see Guillemot, 2007). However, the exact mechanisms that fine-tune the specification of the myriad of neuronal subtypes remain unknown. This is exemplified by cell-type specification in vertebrate retinal development, during which one g ...
Impact of prefrontal cortex in nicotine
... we have evaluated the effects of systemic nicotine on VTA DA neuronal Functionally, the mPFC and VTA have been shown to be firing, and our data show that, under chloral hydrate anesthesia, systemic closely coupled (Peters et al., 2004; Gao et al., 2007). Stimulation nicotine exposure excites all rec ...
... we have evaluated the effects of systemic nicotine on VTA DA neuronal Functionally, the mPFC and VTA have been shown to be firing, and our data show that, under chloral hydrate anesthesia, systemic closely coupled (Peters et al., 2004; Gao et al., 2007). Stimulation nicotine exposure excites all rec ...
PDF - Journal of Neuroscience
... been described previously (Abeliovich et al., 2000). Tissue preparation. Following National Institutes of Health guidelines for the humane treatment of animals, mice were anesthetized with chloral hydrate and flush-perfused transcardially with 0.9% saline. Brains were removed and divided in sagittal ...
... been described previously (Abeliovich et al., 2000). Tissue preparation. Following National Institutes of Health guidelines for the humane treatment of animals, mice were anesthetized with chloral hydrate and flush-perfused transcardially with 0.9% saline. Brains were removed and divided in sagittal ...
Central circuitries for body temperature regulation and fever
... by increased skin blood flow through cutaneous vasodilation. Therefore, the thermosensory neural pathways from skin thermoreceptors to the POA are thought to mediate the feedforward signaling to elicit thermoregulatory responses to thermal disturbances from the environment (Fig. 1A) (64), as well as ...
... by increased skin blood flow through cutaneous vasodilation. Therefore, the thermosensory neural pathways from skin thermoreceptors to the POA are thought to mediate the feedforward signaling to elicit thermoregulatory responses to thermal disturbances from the environment (Fig. 1A) (64), as well as ...
Central circuitries for body temperature regulation and fever
... by increased skin blood flow through cutaneous vasodilation. Therefore, the thermosensory neural pathways from skin thermoreceptors to the POA are thought to mediate the feedforward signaling to elicit thermoregulatory responses to thermal disturbances from the environment (Fig. 1A) (64), as well as ...
... by increased skin blood flow through cutaneous vasodilation. Therefore, the thermosensory neural pathways from skin thermoreceptors to the POA are thought to mediate the feedforward signaling to elicit thermoregulatory responses to thermal disturbances from the environment (Fig. 1A) (64), as well as ...
Reverse pharmacology of orexin
... attenuated by the H1 antagonist, pyrilamine [35]. Furthermore, the effect of orexin-A on wakefulness in mice is almost completely absent in H1-receptor deficient mice [42]. Furthermore, OX 2 R knockout mice exhibit a narcoleptic phenotype, while OX 1 R knockout mice show only mild fragmentation of b ...
... attenuated by the H1 antagonist, pyrilamine [35]. Furthermore, the effect of orexin-A on wakefulness in mice is almost completely absent in H1-receptor deficient mice [42]. Furthermore, OX 2 R knockout mice exhibit a narcoleptic phenotype, while OX 1 R knockout mice show only mild fragmentation of b ...
Involvement of GABAergic and cholinergic medial septal neurons in
... the medial septum-diagonal band of Broca (MSDB), with cholinergic and ␥-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic neurons comprising the two main projections from MSDB to HPC. The primary aim of the present study was to assess the effects of GABAergic MSDB lesions on urethane- and locomotion-related HPC, and c ...
... the medial septum-diagonal band of Broca (MSDB), with cholinergic and ␥-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic neurons comprising the two main projections from MSDB to HPC. The primary aim of the present study was to assess the effects of GABAergic MSDB lesions on urethane- and locomotion-related HPC, and c ...
Distribution of GABAergic neurons and axon terminals in the
... counted. Multiple nonoverlapping strips were drawn from nearby areas of the same section and the cell counts from all the sectors of a given depth were added together to achieve a reasonable sample size from each depth. Sample collection continued until the bin with the smallest number of cells (usu ...
... counted. Multiple nonoverlapping strips were drawn from nearby areas of the same section and the cell counts from all the sectors of a given depth were added together to achieve a reasonable sample size from each depth. Sample collection continued until the bin with the smallest number of cells (usu ...
Subicular and CA1 hippocampal projections to the accessory
... 2C). This pattern was similar in the ventral subiculum (Fig. 2D), although some cells were superficially placed and showed apical dendrites and proximal branches near the cell somata (arrows in Fig. 2E). Labeled cells did not coexpress somatostatin (Fig. 2F). Topographically, these cells were restric ...
... 2C). This pattern was similar in the ventral subiculum (Fig. 2D), although some cells were superficially placed and showed apical dendrites and proximal branches near the cell somata (arrows in Fig. 2E). Labeled cells did not coexpress somatostatin (Fig. 2F). Topographically, these cells were restric ...
Prefrontal Phase Locking to Hippocampal Theta Oscillations
... al., 1995; Takita et al., 1999). Disruption of the hippocampo-prefrontal pathway has been shown to impair performance on spatial learning tasks (Floresco et al., 1997), with recent experiments also showing reverse temporal gradients in the involvement of hippocampal and prefrontal circuits (Wiltgen ...
... al., 1995; Takita et al., 1999). Disruption of the hippocampo-prefrontal pathway has been shown to impair performance on spatial learning tasks (Floresco et al., 1997), with recent experiments also showing reverse temporal gradients in the involvement of hippocampal and prefrontal circuits (Wiltgen ...
Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone Directly Activates Noradrenergic
... increases the firing rate of LC neurons through a direct (TTX- and cadmium-insensitive) mechanism by decreasing a potassium conductance. The CRH-evoked activation of LC neurons is, at least in part, mediated by CRH1 receptors and a cAMP-dependent second messenger system. These data provide additiona ...
... increases the firing rate of LC neurons through a direct (TTX- and cadmium-insensitive) mechanism by decreasing a potassium conductance. The CRH-evoked activation of LC neurons is, at least in part, mediated by CRH1 receptors and a cAMP-dependent second messenger system. These data provide additiona ...
Effect of Lesions of the Ventrolateral Preoptic Nucleus on NREM and
... VLPO region causes GABAA receptor-mediated hyperpolarization and inhibition of TMN neurons in brain slices. These results suggest that the VLPO may play an important role in promoting sleep. The preoptic area, however, is also involved in thermoregulation, and alterations in body temperature can aff ...
... VLPO region causes GABAA receptor-mediated hyperpolarization and inhibition of TMN neurons in brain slices. These results suggest that the VLPO may play an important role in promoting sleep. The preoptic area, however, is also involved in thermoregulation, and alterations in body temperature can aff ...
View PDF - MRC BNDU - University of Oxford
... follows a rostro-caudal gradient, whereas parvalbumin is expressed by a low number of neurons. We observed a high degree of expression of CBPs by GABAergic and glutamatergic neurons, with a large majority of calbindin- and calretinin-positive neurons expressing GAD or VGluT2 mRNA. Notably, CBP-posit ...
... follows a rostro-caudal gradient, whereas parvalbumin is expressed by a low number of neurons. We observed a high degree of expression of CBPs by GABAergic and glutamatergic neurons, with a large majority of calbindin- and calretinin-positive neurons expressing GAD or VGluT2 mRNA. Notably, CBP-posit ...
Reduced Levels of Acetylcholine Receptor Expression in Chick
... AChR channel kinetics and the maintenance of AChR protein and a3 subunit mRNA levels (Marshall, 1985; Jacob and Berg, 1987, 1988; Boyd et al., 1988). Recent studies of developing chick parasympathetic ciliary ganglion neurons in situ suggest that innervation inducesan increasein AChR expression.Norm ...
... AChR channel kinetics and the maintenance of AChR protein and a3 subunit mRNA levels (Marshall, 1985; Jacob and Berg, 1987, 1988; Boyd et al., 1988). Recent studies of developing chick parasympathetic ciliary ganglion neurons in situ suggest that innervation inducesan increasein AChR expression.Norm ...
Transgenic Mouse Lines Subdivide Medial Vestibular Nucleus
... gen). Reactions were then incubated at 50°C for 1 h and 75°C for 10 min mouse line with a fluorescently labeled population distinct from that of and stored at 4°C. Positive controls [whole-brain RNA preparations GIN neurons, we examined mice generated by insertion of a modified (RNeasy kit; Qiagen, ...
... gen). Reactions were then incubated at 50°C for 1 h and 75°C for 10 min mouse line with a fluorescently labeled population distinct from that of and stored at 4°C. Positive controls [whole-brain RNA preparations GIN neurons, we examined mice generated by insertion of a modified (RNeasy kit; Qiagen, ...
Program
and
Abstracts
from
the
Fifth
Annual
Canadian
Neuroscience
Meeting
May
29
–
June
1
2011
Quebec
City
Convention
Center
... integration and maturation of these adult‐born interneurons into the pre‐existing neuronal circuitry has remained unclear. By using time‐lapse two‐photon microscopy we analysed the spine formation and retraction of adult‐born granule cells (GC) at different maturational stages. Our results demons ...
... integration and maturation of these adult‐born interneurons into the pre‐existing neuronal circuitry has remained unclear. By using time‐lapse two‐photon microscopy we analysed the spine formation and retraction of adult‐born granule cells (GC) at different maturational stages. Our results demons ...
Rostral Fastigial Nucleus Activity in the Alert Monkey During Three
... were tested subsequently for horizontal modulation. It will be shown that many FN neurons carry a clear vestibular signal, which can be related to individual canals. Many neurons also show a convergence either of different vertical canals (VCs) or of HCs and VCs. Other neurons had an otolith input. ...
... were tested subsequently for horizontal modulation. It will be shown that many FN neurons carry a clear vestibular signal, which can be related to individual canals. Many neurons also show a convergence either of different vertical canals (VCs) or of HCs and VCs. Other neurons had an otolith input. ...
PDF
... after the growth-promoting effect of mNGF on these neurites has become established. These findings raise the possibility that proNGF, in addition to mNGF, plays a role in regulating tissue innervation, but that its effects are more selective among populations of NGF-dependent neurons than mNGF and t ...
... after the growth-promoting effect of mNGF on these neurites has become established. These findings raise the possibility that proNGF, in addition to mNGF, plays a role in regulating tissue innervation, but that its effects are more selective among populations of NGF-dependent neurons than mNGF and t ...
Cystatin C prevents degeneration of rat nigral dopaminergic neurons
... nigra. The pathological processes involved in such responses are poorly characterized and could contribute to secondary damage and/or regeneration in the central nervous system (CNS). Cystatin C was previously implicated in the process of neurodegeneration. However, its biological role during neurod ...
... nigra. The pathological processes involved in such responses are poorly characterized and could contribute to secondary damage and/or regeneration in the central nervous system (CNS). Cystatin C was previously implicated in the process of neurodegeneration. However, its biological role during neurod ...
Duration Sensitivity to Other Response Properties of the Rat
... sounds. For example, the IC of mice contains a high proportion of long-pass neurons selective for sounds longer than several tens of milliseconds. The few observed bandpass neurons typically have best durations on the order of tens of milliseconds (Brand et al. 2000). Both of these filtering propert ...
... sounds. For example, the IC of mice contains a high proportion of long-pass neurons selective for sounds longer than several tens of milliseconds. The few observed bandpass neurons typically have best durations on the order of tens of milliseconds (Brand et al. 2000). Both of these filtering propert ...
Stereotyped responses of Drosophila peptidergic neuronal
... phase of the behavioral sequence (post ecdysis), alternating left-right contractions and then posteriorly directed movements produce a body with the external shape of an adult fly (Kim et al., 2006; Lahr et al., 2012; Park et al., 2003). Each of these phases has a stereotyped duration and pattern of ...
... phase of the behavioral sequence (post ecdysis), alternating left-right contractions and then posteriorly directed movements produce a body with the external shape of an adult fly (Kim et al., 2006; Lahr et al., 2012; Park et al., 2003). Each of these phases has a stereotyped duration and pattern of ...
Single unit and extracellular firing rate recordings in vivo
... (S)--fluoromethylhistidine blocked the arousal effect of montirelin in WT mice. We conclude, that direct excitation of rodent TMN neurons by TRH is receptor-mediated and demands activation of nonselective cation channels as well as electrogenic Na+/Ca2+ exchange. Our findings indicate a key role of ...
... (S)--fluoromethylhistidine blocked the arousal effect of montirelin in WT mice. We conclude, that direct excitation of rodent TMN neurons by TRH is receptor-mediated and demands activation of nonselective cation channels as well as electrogenic Na+/Ca2+ exchange. Our findings indicate a key role of ...