Neural circuits underlying the generation of theta oscillations
... Limbic system Neuronal networks ...
... Limbic system Neuronal networks ...
Axonal Localization of Integrins in the CNS Is Neuronal Type and
... The regenerative ability of CNS axons decreases with age, however, this ability remains largely intact in PNS axons throughout adulthood. These differences are likely to correspond with agerelated silencing of proteins necessary for axon growth and elongation. In previous studies, it has been shown ...
... The regenerative ability of CNS axons decreases with age, however, this ability remains largely intact in PNS axons throughout adulthood. These differences are likely to correspond with agerelated silencing of proteins necessary for axon growth and elongation. In previous studies, it has been shown ...
Glycemic State Regulates Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor
... involved is limited. Lesion studies in rodents have implicated the hypothalamus as a region that may play a major role in controlling energy homeostasis (112). More specific experiments have shown that lesioning the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) results in obesity and hyperphagia (69; 169). The role ...
... involved is limited. Lesion studies in rodents have implicated the hypothalamus as a region that may play a major role in controlling energy homeostasis (112). More specific experiments have shown that lesioning the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) results in obesity and hyperphagia (69; 169). The role ...
Different levels of Ih determine distinct temporal integration in
... and location. From a total of 55 neurons recorded from locations randomly chosen in the subiculum (see lower schematic diagram in Fig. 1B), 35 (64%) were classified as bursting neurons, 17 (31%) as regular-spiking neurons and three (5%) as fast-spiking neurons. A burst was defined by a high frequenc ...
... and location. From a total of 55 neurons recorded from locations randomly chosen in the subiculum (see lower schematic diagram in Fig. 1B), 35 (64%) were classified as bursting neurons, 17 (31%) as regular-spiking neurons and three (5%) as fast-spiking neurons. A burst was defined by a high frequenc ...
GABAergic neuron distribution in the pedunculopontine nucleus
... Indeed, recent studies have shown that there are also functional differences between the two portions of the PPN, which have been evaluated in terms of behavioral responses following excitotoxic lesions or electrical stimulation (Alderson et al., 2006, 2008; Andero et al., 2007). Taken together, the ...
... Indeed, recent studies have shown that there are also functional differences between the two portions of the PPN, which have been evaluated in terms of behavioral responses following excitotoxic lesions or electrical stimulation (Alderson et al., 2006, 2008; Andero et al., 2007). Taken together, the ...
Co-activation of VTA DA and GABA neurons mediates nicotine
... consequences.1 Dissecting the underlying neurobiological mechanisms of this disorder has recently made important progress with the use of genetically modified mice,2 but they remain far from being understood in detail. The identification of novel drug targets for the design of smoking cessation medica ...
... consequences.1 Dissecting the underlying neurobiological mechanisms of this disorder has recently made important progress with the use of genetically modified mice,2 but they remain far from being understood in detail. The identification of novel drug targets for the design of smoking cessation medica ...
Genesis and Control of the Respiratory Rhythm in Adult
... France; and 2Faculty of Biology, Department of Physiology and Zoology, University of Seville, 41012 Sevilla, Spain ...
... France; and 2Faculty of Biology, Department of Physiology and Zoology, University of Seville, 41012 Sevilla, Spain ...
Neural substrates for expectation-modulated fear learning in
... stores memories of the conditioned stimulus–unconditioned stimulus association, but the origin of UCS inputs to the amygdala is unknown. Theory and evidence suggest that instructive UCS inputs to the amygdala will be inhibited when the UCS is expected, but this has not been found during fear conditi ...
... stores memories of the conditioned stimulus–unconditioned stimulus association, but the origin of UCS inputs to the amygdala is unknown. Theory and evidence suggest that instructive UCS inputs to the amygdala will be inhibited when the UCS is expected, but this has not been found during fear conditi ...
Stereotyped connectivity and computations in higher
... left, and ventral (V) is down. Similar results were obtained in a total of four experiments. (b,c) Morphologies traced from biocytin-filled single neurons where the recorded neurons expressed GFP under the control of the indicated Gal4 lines. Somata were detached when the pipette was removed and are ...
... left, and ventral (V) is down. Similar results were obtained in a total of four experiments. (b,c) Morphologies traced from biocytin-filled single neurons where the recorded neurons expressed GFP under the control of the indicated Gal4 lines. Somata were detached when the pipette was removed and are ...
Olfactory tract transection in neonatal rats: Evidence for Mitral cell
... cytoarchitectural changes. However, the tract is capable of undergoing regeneration and thus sparing the behavioural abnormality as shown in male hamsters18,19. The reinnervation of the olfactory bulb with its target is specific to the regenerative capability of Mitral cells of the olfactory bulb wh ...
... cytoarchitectural changes. However, the tract is capable of undergoing regeneration and thus sparing the behavioural abnormality as shown in male hamsters18,19. The reinnervation of the olfactory bulb with its target is specific to the regenerative capability of Mitral cells of the olfactory bulb wh ...
Morphology of Thalamocortical Neurons Projecting
... or larger somata with multipolar shapes and four to eight primary dendrites. Samples of LY-filled,immunocytochemically stained SI-projecting neurons located in VPL are shown in Figure 2. Most SI-projecting neurons in VPI were medium-sized or small, and had four to eight primary dendrites (see Fig. 3 ...
... or larger somata with multipolar shapes and four to eight primary dendrites. Samples of LY-filled,immunocytochemically stained SI-projecting neurons located in VPL are shown in Figure 2. Most SI-projecting neurons in VPI were medium-sized or small, and had four to eight primary dendrites (see Fig. 3 ...
Amyloid-Beta Induced Changes in Vesicular Transport of BDNF in
... Figure 1: Transport dynamics of BDNF-containing vesicles in hippocampal neurons of 5xFAD mice. Dissociated hippocampal neurons of transgenic mice with five familial Alzheimer’s disease mutations (5xFAD) and wild-type littermates were transfected at 10 DIV with fluorescently labeled BDNF. The dynamic ...
... Figure 1: Transport dynamics of BDNF-containing vesicles in hippocampal neurons of 5xFAD mice. Dissociated hippocampal neurons of transgenic mice with five familial Alzheimer’s disease mutations (5xFAD) and wild-type littermates were transfected at 10 DIV with fluorescently labeled BDNF. The dynamic ...
Anatomy of Olivocochlear Neurons
... and humans appear to lack them (Moore and Osen 1979). Some work (Brown et al. 1988) suggests that only the thick MOC axons form cochlear nucleus branches. Other studies (Ryan et al. 1990; Horvath et al. 2000), however, suggest branches from LOC neurons. Perhaps these differences arise from differen ...
... and humans appear to lack them (Moore and Osen 1979). Some work (Brown et al. 1988) suggests that only the thick MOC axons form cochlear nucleus branches. Other studies (Ryan et al. 1990; Horvath et al. 2000), however, suggest branches from LOC neurons. Perhaps these differences arise from differen ...
THE REGULATION OF SLEEP AND WAKEFULNESS BY THE
... to narcolepsy. Additionally, it has been reported that the number of orexin neurons is greatly reduced and that orexin peptide levels are decreased to undetectable levels in the cerebrospinal fluid of narcoleptic patients4-6). Orexin/ataxin-3 mice are a well-studied model for narcolepsy; however, or ...
... to narcolepsy. Additionally, it has been reported that the number of orexin neurons is greatly reduced and that orexin peptide levels are decreased to undetectable levels in the cerebrospinal fluid of narcoleptic patients4-6). Orexin/ataxin-3 mice are a well-studied model for narcolepsy; however, or ...
Changes in Intracellular pH Associated with Glutamate Excitotoxicity
... to harmaline autofluorescence. Calibration values were not changed by the addition of DIDS. To prevent both bleaching of the dye and phototoxic damage to the neurons, measurements were made intermittently at intervals greater than or equal to 60 sec. In addition, no attempt was made to calculate the ...
... to harmaline autofluorescence. Calibration values were not changed by the addition of DIDS. To prevent both bleaching of the dye and phototoxic damage to the neurons, measurements were made intermittently at intervals greater than or equal to 60 sec. In addition, no attempt was made to calculate the ...
Jesús Pujol Martí Neural map organization and development in the lateral-line system
... The nervous system has seized scientists‟ attention throughout the ages. Anatomical methods are the oldest way for studying the nervous system and have uncovered basic principles of its organization, defining a valuable groundwork for understanding its functions. Another important source of informat ...
... The nervous system has seized scientists‟ attention throughout the ages. Anatomical methods are the oldest way for studying the nervous system and have uncovered basic principles of its organization, defining a valuable groundwork for understanding its functions. Another important source of informat ...
Contact guidance of CNS neurites on grooved quartz: influence of
... (Harrison, 1914) yet surprisingly little is known about the cellular events of contact sensing and their transduction into directional growth, especially in neuronal growth cones. The aim of the present study was to describe the directional effects of substratum contours on the morphology of develop ...
... (Harrison, 1914) yet surprisingly little is known about the cellular events of contact sensing and their transduction into directional growth, especially in neuronal growth cones. The aim of the present study was to describe the directional effects of substratum contours on the morphology of develop ...
Gustatory Processing in Drosophila Higher Brain Centers By
... MTM. Amnesiac mutants were identified in the early Benzer studies (Quinn et al., 1979), but the single gene, which encodes a neuropeptide related to PACAP (pituitary adenylyl cyclase–activating peptide) and is thought to activate the adenylyl cyclase encoded by rut, was not identified until much lat ...
... MTM. Amnesiac mutants were identified in the early Benzer studies (Quinn et al., 1979), but the single gene, which encodes a neuropeptide related to PACAP (pituitary adenylyl cyclase–activating peptide) and is thought to activate the adenylyl cyclase encoded by rut, was not identified until much lat ...
hippocampo–cerebellar theta band phase synchrony in rabbits
... addition, we aimed to determine whether the degree of PS changes as a function of training and/or learning and ...
... addition, we aimed to determine whether the degree of PS changes as a function of training and/or learning and ...
the inferior colliculus of the rat: quantitative
... 0 and 255 correspond to white and black colors, respectively. The camera was connected to a Macintosh computer via a video digitizing card (Scion Corporation). Images were digitized and analyzed using Scion NIH Image software. In an attempt to preserve identical illumination conditions for different ...
... 0 and 255 correspond to white and black colors, respectively. The camera was connected to a Macintosh computer via a video digitizing card (Scion Corporation). Images were digitized and analyzed using Scion NIH Image software. In an attempt to preserve identical illumination conditions for different ...
Differential regulation of the central neural cardiorespiratory system
... understand the role that metabotropic neurotransmitter systems play in central cardiorespiratory mechanisms. It is well known that blockade of glutamatergic, gamma-aminobutyric acidergic and glycinergic pathways causes major or even complete disruption of cardiorespiratory systems, whereas antagonis ...
... understand the role that metabotropic neurotransmitter systems play in central cardiorespiratory mechanisms. It is well known that blockade of glutamatergic, gamma-aminobutyric acidergic and glycinergic pathways causes major or even complete disruption of cardiorespiratory systems, whereas antagonis ...
Topographically Specific Hippocampal Projections Target Functionally Distinct Prefrontal Areas in the
... CA1’ and CA1 fields rostrally, but originated in the subicular fields caudally. In contrast, labeled neurons which innervated orbital cortices were considerably more focal, emanating from the same relative position within a field throughout the rostrocaudal extent of the hippocampal formation. In ma ...
... CA1’ and CA1 fields rostrally, but originated in the subicular fields caudally. In contrast, labeled neurons which innervated orbital cortices were considerably more focal, emanating from the same relative position within a field throughout the rostrocaudal extent of the hippocampal formation. In ma ...
Learning-related postburst afterhyperpolarization reduction in CA1
... Transgenic mice with a constitutively active form of CREB have recently been shown to have CA1 pyramidal neurons with significantly reduced AHPs (28). Interestingly, EBC is also significantly impaired by disruption of the cAMP/PKA pathway in the cerebellum (29), a structure known to be critically in ...
... Transgenic mice with a constitutively active form of CREB have recently been shown to have CA1 pyramidal neurons with significantly reduced AHPs (28). Interestingly, EBC is also significantly impaired by disruption of the cAMP/PKA pathway in the cerebellum (29), a structure known to be critically in ...
elaboration, remodeling and spatial organization of
... map in the higher brain center (Marin et al., 2002; Wong et al., 2002). Although variations exist in the patterns of PNs’ axon collaterals to the MB calyx, certain PN axons often give rise to similar numbers of MB collaterals that project in analogous directions in various organisms (Marin et al., 2 ...
... map in the higher brain center (Marin et al., 2002; Wong et al., 2002). Although variations exist in the patterns of PNs’ axon collaterals to the MB calyx, certain PN axons often give rise to similar numbers of MB collaterals that project in analogous directions in various organisms (Marin et al., 2 ...
Dissociating Hippocampal Subregions: A Double
... fiber system that connect DG neurons to CA3 neurons. The separation of patterns is accomplished due to the low probability that any two CA3 neurons will receive mossyfiber input synapses from a similar subset of DG cells. Shapiro and Olton (1994) also suggested that pattern separation may be facilit ...
... fiber system that connect DG neurons to CA3 neurons. The separation of patterns is accomplished due to the low probability that any two CA3 neurons will receive mossyfiber input synapses from a similar subset of DG cells. Shapiro and Olton (1994) also suggested that pattern separation may be facilit ...