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A Novel Functionally Distinct Subtype of Striatal Neuropeptide Y
A Novel Functionally Distinct Subtype of Striatal Neuropeptide Y

... Statistical analysis. Input resistance was calculated from the slope of the current–voltage relationship using three points centered around zero current (⫾10 pA for Type I interneurons and ⫾160 pA for Type II interneurons). All action potential parameters were measured from spontaneous spikes if the ...
The Role of Kv7 in Peripheral Neurons
The Role of Kv7 in Peripheral Neurons

... functional role of each Kv7 subunits within the peripheral sensory system have not been fully elucidated. In this thesis, I first investigate the expression pattern of Kv7.5 with immunohistochemical techniques, which allow me to show that Kv7.5 is localized in the axons of the Remak bundles (unmyeli ...
Cumming BG, Parker AJ.
Cumming BG, Parker AJ.

... Figure 2. E xample of random dot stimulus shown for free f usion. in the vicinity of the receptive field. The results for these four neurons closely resembled those for the rest of the population. It would have been possible to manipulate the relative disparity between the foreground and background ...
THE SUBFORNICAL ORGAN AND AREA POSTREMA MEDIATE
THE SUBFORNICAL ORGAN AND AREA POSTREMA MEDIATE

... central nervous system (CNS). This thesis investigates the involvement of two sensory circumventricular organs (CVOs), the subfornical organ (SFO) and area postrema (AP), in mediating the central effects of leptin using a variety of experimental approaches. We first show that acute electrical stimul ...
Histamine in the Nervous System
Histamine in the Nervous System

... other biogenic amines, is determined by the bioavailability of the precursor; histidine is taken up into the cerebrospinal fluid and neurons through L-amino acid transporters (Fig. 2). HDC activity can be inhibited by ␣-fluoromethylhistidine (␣-FMH), a suicide substrate leading to a marked depressio ...
Understanding the process of multisensory integration
Understanding the process of multisensory integration

... neuron level, responses are more robust to spatiotemporally concordant modalityspecific sensory cues (likely derived from the same event) than to either cue alone – an effect that is strongest when the cues are weakest. This multisensory enhancement effect increases event detectability and the likel ...
What the young brain tells the spinal cord: top down modulation of
What the young brain tells the spinal cord: top down modulation of

... 2.7.3 Ascending nociceptive pathways are partially functional from birth……83 2.7.4 RVM neurons are not responsive to ascending inputs until P12…………86 ...
Propagation of tau pathology in Alzheimer`s disease
Propagation of tau pathology in Alzheimer`s disease

... in its intercellular transfer is of great interest. The phosphorylation state and length of extracellular tau have been reported in numerous studies, but obtaining a global picture is difficult since different epitopes were analyzed in various model systems. Analysis of tau in human CSF found that l ...
Mechanisms of axon degeneration: From development to disease
Mechanisms of axon degeneration: From development to disease

... highlighted how this is an active process of controlled axon self-destruction similar in many ways to the active selfdestruction of cells during apoptosis (Coleman, 2005; Low and Cheng, 2005; Luo and O’Leary, 2005; Raff et al., 2002). Although the molecular mechanisms involved are different (but see ...
Read as PDF
Read as PDF

... E xperiments were conducted in three types of preparations. The first type of preparation simply consisted of the isolated buccal and cerebral ganglia. This type of preparation was used in experiments in which single cycles of ingestive motor programs were elicited by stimulation of the command-like ...
CO2 Capture from Flue gas using Amino acid salt
CO2 Capture from Flue gas using Amino acid salt

... from coal-fired power plants, so that it is almost completely free of this greenhouse gas. The most advanced techniques towards practical application are based on chemical absorption, where CO2 in the flue gas is chemically bond by a solvent, usually an aqueous solution of amines, resulting in a cle ...
2017
2017

... he had developed an interest in vision and his first intention was to gain a PhD in that field. With that goal, he attended an interview at the Department of Communication and Neuroscience at Keele University during which he was persuaded to switch systems and work on the physiology of hearing with ...
neuronal reward and decision signals: from theories to data
neuronal reward and decision signals: from theories to data

... mediated by neuronal reward prediction error signals which implement basic constructs of reinforcement learning theory. These signals are found in dopamine neurons, which emit a global reward signal to striatum and frontal cortex, and in specific neurons in striatum, amygdala, and frontal cortex pro ...
Calcium Transients in the Garter Snake Vomeronasal Organ
Calcium Transients in the Garter Snake Vomeronasal Organ

... transients in retrogradely labeled snake vomeronasal (VN) neurons. A shows a video image illustrating the selective staining of VN neurons with Ca2⫹ Green after retrograde transport of this dye from their axonal terminals in the accessory olfactory bulb (AOB). Observe the labeling in the cell bodies ...
Structure and dynamics of the corticothalamic driver pathway in the
Structure and dynamics of the corticothalamic driver pathway in the

... Each moment of life, our brains excel at the complex tasks of acquiring information about the environment, processing and analyzing those signals, store and retrieve memories, decide on appropriate behavior and finally coordinate the muscular contractions for an appropriate behavioral response. Acco ...
By ON THE ROLE OF THE SUPERIOR COLLICULUS IN THE CONTROL... VISUALLY-GUIDED SACCADES
By ON THE ROLE OF THE SUPERIOR COLLICULUS IN THE CONTROL... VISUALLY-GUIDED SACCADES

... predict how the spatial interactions between neural signals related to visual processing and saccadic preparation interact within the SC to influence saccadic reaction time. I concluded that saccade latency was strongly dependant on the spatial representation and interaction of visual and saccade re ...
Axonal degeneration as a therapeutic target in the CNS | SpringerLink
Axonal degeneration as a therapeutic target in the CNS | SpringerLink

... calcium influx, calpain-mediated cleavage and axonal transport breakdown. Axonal transport impairment, however, may also be caused by aggregation of proteins. Both membrane disruption and protein aggregation can thus converge on the very same common final path having a provenance in completely diffe ...
A decade of the anaphase-promoting complex in the nervous system
A decade of the anaphase-promoting complex in the nervous system

... it was not until 2004 that the first neuronal function of the anaphase-promoting complex was identified in the mammalian brain (Konishi et al. 2004). Konishi et al. (2004) discovered that Cdh1–APC plays a critical role in the control of axon growth and patterning in the rodent cerebellar cortex. Oth ...
Neural mechanism of rapid eye movement sleep generation
Neural mechanism of rapid eye movement sleep generation

... The noradrenergic (NA-ergic) rapid eye movement (REM)-OFF neurons in locus coeruleus (LC) and cholinergic REM-ON neurons in laterodorsal/pedunculopontine tegmentum show a reciprocal firing pattern. The REM-ON neurons fire during REM sleep whereas REM-OFF neurons stop firing during REM sleep. The ces ...
The Locus Ceruleus Responds to Signaling Molecules Obtained
The Locus Ceruleus Responds to Signaling Molecules Obtained

Highwire Regulates Guidance of Sister Axons in the
Highwire Regulates Guidance of Sister Axons in the

... body (MB) participates in olfactory-associative learning and is a powerful model system to investigate such axonal behaviors (Heisenberg, 1998; Davis, 2005; Fahrbach, 2006). The MB is composed of three neuronal subtypes—␥, ␣⬘/␤⬘, and ␣/␤ neurons—that can be distinguished by their birth order and the ...
Enteric Glia - Department of Physiology
Enteric Glia - Department of Physiology

... “Well are you a brain guy or a gut guy?” is a question often posed to me by fellow scientists. My answer, “Both of course,” is usually met with some degree of confusion or skepticism. The truth is that even the most seasoned neuroscientists and gastroenterologists often overlook the fact that a “sec ...
Orexin/Hypocretin: A Neuropeptide at the Interface of Sleep, Energy
Orexin/Hypocretin: A Neuropeptide at the Interface of Sleep, Energy

... cells (Tang et al., 2008). Moreover, food deprivation exerted a differential effect on coupling between orexin receptors and G proteins (Karteris et al., 2005). C. Orexin-Producing Neurons Orexin-producing neurons (orexin neurons) are exclusively localized to the perifornical area and the lateral an ...
Full-Text PDF
Full-Text PDF

Genetic analysis of the Complexin trans-clamping model Please share
Genetic analysis of the Complexin trans-clamping model Please share

... complexes (26). To test whether this rigidity is required in vivo, we expressed mCpx mutants with three glycine residues between the central helix and the accessory helix (HB) to perturb the continuous α-helical structure. In addition, we sought to express Cpx separately as a split transgenic protei ...
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Multielectrode array

Multielectrode arrays (MEAs) or microelectrode arrays are devices that contain multiple plates or shanks through which neural signals are obtained or delivered, essentially serving as neural interfaces that connect neurons to electronic circuitry. There are two general classes of MEAs: implantable MEAs, used in vivo, and non-implantable MEAs, used in vitro.
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