Neck Muscle Responses to Stimulation of Monkey Superior
... visual field. A Pentium computer running a real-time data acquisition system (REX) (Hays et al. 1982) controlled all aspects of the experimental paradigms and visual displays at a rate of 1,000 Hz. ...
... visual field. A Pentium computer running a real-time data acquisition system (REX) (Hays et al. 1982) controlled all aspects of the experimental paradigms and visual displays at a rate of 1,000 Hz. ...
The circadian visual system, 2005
... behavior of the individual cells. While this may be true on average, many individual SCN neurons do not express rhythmicity in phase with the average of the whole (Quintero et al., 2000). This development in the analytical approach to pacemaker activity among groups of cells emphasizes the importanc ...
... behavior of the individual cells. While this may be true on average, many individual SCN neurons do not express rhythmicity in phase with the average of the whole (Quintero et al., 2000). This development in the analytical approach to pacemaker activity among groups of cells emphasizes the importanc ...
Sensors for impossible stimuli may solve the stereo correspondence
... one of the values where the response of tuned-excitatory cells has a local turning point (Fig. 2a, marked in red). This still left us with six possible matches even in this restricted range (3 cycles of the cell’s spatial period). Ignoring these problems and simply picking the tunedexcitatory cell w ...
... one of the values where the response of tuned-excitatory cells has a local turning point (Fig. 2a, marked in red). This still left us with six possible matches even in this restricted range (3 cycles of the cell’s spatial period). Ignoring these problems and simply picking the tunedexcitatory cell w ...
Calcium homeostasis in aging neurons
... of an NMDA receptor highly increases the concentration of Ca2+ in the cell. The Ca2+ in turn functions as a key second messenger in various signaling pathways. The ability of the NMDA receptor to act as a “coincidence receptor,” requiring the concomitant presence of its ligand and membrane depolariz ...
... of an NMDA receptor highly increases the concentration of Ca2+ in the cell. The Ca2+ in turn functions as a key second messenger in various signaling pathways. The ability of the NMDA receptor to act as a “coincidence receptor,” requiring the concomitant presence of its ligand and membrane depolariz ...
Intrinsic Connections of Macaque of Cells Outside Lamina 4c` Striate
... column that is about the same width as the injection site, through laminae 4C and 4B into laminae 2/3A and 1 where they form a prominent fan of fibers that spreads about the radial axis (see Fig. 15). When the injection is centered in lamina 5A, this efferent projection assumes a columnar form (200 ...
... column that is about the same width as the injection site, through laminae 4C and 4B into laminae 2/3A and 1 where they form a prominent fan of fibers that spreads about the radial axis (see Fig. 15). When the injection is centered in lamina 5A, this efferent projection assumes a columnar form (200 ...
Muscle tone regulation during REM sleep
... and non-cholinergic (presumably glutamatergic) neurons in the PPT and LDT project to the thalamus, this study could not confirm that the recorded neurons were cholinergic (Steriade et al., 1990b; Motts and Schofield, 2011). Similarly, a subpopulation of LDT neurons was shown to be maximally active d ...
... and non-cholinergic (presumably glutamatergic) neurons in the PPT and LDT project to the thalamus, this study could not confirm that the recorded neurons were cholinergic (Steriade et al., 1990b; Motts and Schofield, 2011). Similarly, a subpopulation of LDT neurons was shown to be maximally active d ...
Gastric Effects of Cholecystokinin and Its Interaction with Leptin on
... functions, a partition was made at the mid-thoracic level of the preparation. An agar seal separated the recording bath chamber into a brainstem compartment and a gastric compartment. Peptides were applied only to the gastric compartment and their effects on the NTS neuronal activity were evaluated. ...
... functions, a partition was made at the mid-thoracic level of the preparation. An agar seal separated the recording bath chamber into a brainstem compartment and a gastric compartment. Peptides were applied only to the gastric compartment and their effects on the NTS neuronal activity were evaluated. ...
Session 230 IOP Measurement and characterization I
... implant was large, and the battery required intraperitoneal placement. We have developed an updated bilateral IOP and ocular perfusion pressure (OPP) telemetry system based on the TSE Systems Stellar platform, that uses small 4-mm-long, 400-µm-diameter piezoelectric pressure transducers that can be ...
... implant was large, and the battery required intraperitoneal placement. We have developed an updated bilateral IOP and ocular perfusion pressure (OPP) telemetry system based on the TSE Systems Stellar platform, that uses small 4-mm-long, 400-µm-diameter piezoelectric pressure transducers that can be ...
Theta Modulation in the Medial and the Lateral Entorhinal Cortices
... weights. The rats were trained on two behavioral paradigms using food reward (chocolate sprinkles). The first paradigm consisted of rats running clockwise on a circular track for 30 min looking for food rewards placed at arbitrary locations on the track (one to two rewards per lap); the second consi ...
... weights. The rats were trained on two behavioral paradigms using food reward (chocolate sprinkles). The first paradigm consisted of rats running clockwise on a circular track for 30 min looking for food rewards placed at arbitrary locations on the track (one to two rewards per lap); the second consi ...
MARCKS modulates radial progenitor placement
... an instructive scaffold for the radial migration and placement of neurons in the neocortex. Cell soma in the ventricular zone (VZ), an elongated radial process, and specialized adhesive contacts with both the ventricular and pial surfaces are the basic characteristics of a polarized radial glial cel ...
... an instructive scaffold for the radial migration and placement of neurons in the neocortex. Cell soma in the ventricular zone (VZ), an elongated radial process, and specialized adhesive contacts with both the ventricular and pial surfaces are the basic characteristics of a polarized radial glial cel ...
Feeding Stimulants Activate an Identified Dopaminergic Interneuron
... which plasticity of motor output of the CPG can arise. Each CPG subunit is a conditional neuronal oscillator that can be independently rhythmically active. The subunits also can be functionally linked in different combinations and in different temporal patterns. Additional motor plasticity can arise ...
... which plasticity of motor output of the CPG can arise. Each CPG subunit is a conditional neuronal oscillator that can be independently rhythmically active. The subunits also can be functionally linked in different combinations and in different temporal patterns. Additional motor plasticity can arise ...
Analysis of sleep spindles and model of their generation
... Since the beginning of EEG recordings, different kinds of oscillations were observed in the brain electric activity. Among them special attention was paid to ”waxing and waning ” wave of frequency around 13 Hz. The first commonly accepted definition of that structure — sleep spindle — was given by R ...
... Since the beginning of EEG recordings, different kinds of oscillations were observed in the brain electric activity. Among them special attention was paid to ”waxing and waning ” wave of frequency around 13 Hz. The first commonly accepted definition of that structure — sleep spindle — was given by R ...
Rapid Translocation of Zn 2+ from Nerve Terminals
... dendrites are located (adjacent to the electrodes but in a position outside the hilus, as shown in ROI4 in Fig. 3A), did not increase after stimulation. This result could not have occurred if the spread of Zn2⫹ release from the electrodes were transmitted by glial cells or neuronal dendrites. If Zn2 ...
... dendrites are located (adjacent to the electrodes but in a position outside the hilus, as shown in ROI4 in Fig. 3A), did not increase after stimulation. This result could not have occurred if the spread of Zn2⫹ release from the electrodes were transmitted by glial cells or neuronal dendrites. If Zn2 ...
Ear manipulations help model neuroplasticity limitations
... 2) Can inner ear afferents find their targets in the hindbrain if they enter through a different cranial nerve or enter into a foreign territory? 3) What mechanisms do inner ear afferents use to find their targets in the hindbrain? 4) How will alteration of afferent input, either by ear removal or a ...
... 2) Can inner ear afferents find their targets in the hindbrain if they enter through a different cranial nerve or enter into a foreign territory? 3) What mechanisms do inner ear afferents use to find their targets in the hindbrain? 4) How will alteration of afferent input, either by ear removal or a ...
The Pedunculopontine Nucleus (PPN) in Parkinson`s Disease
... Wichmann and Delong, Neuron (2006) ...
... Wichmann and Delong, Neuron (2006) ...
RESULTATS Capítol 1 __________________________________________________________________________ 71
... by specific signals as the main mechanism by which neuronal connections are first established between brain areas (Huber et al., 2003; Mueller, 1999), while activitydependent plasticity has been proposed as a mechanism for the final refinement and maturation of connections (Katz and Shatz, 1996). A ...
... by specific signals as the main mechanism by which neuronal connections are first established between brain areas (Huber et al., 2003; Mueller, 1999), while activitydependent plasticity has been proposed as a mechanism for the final refinement and maturation of connections (Katz and Shatz, 1996). A ...
A role for subplate neurons in the patterning of
... Subplate neurons can be deleted by injections of kainic acid into the subplate at E43. The vast majority of later-generated neurons of the cortical plate remain intact (Chun and Shatz, 1988b), presumably because at these early ages they are sufficiently immature to be insensitive to kainate neurotox ...
... Subplate neurons can be deleted by injections of kainic acid into the subplate at E43. The vast majority of later-generated neurons of the cortical plate remain intact (Chun and Shatz, 1988b), presumably because at these early ages they are sufficiently immature to be insensitive to kainate neurotox ...
Spatial Organization of Facial Vibrissae and Cortical Barrels in the
... proposed by Sikich et al. (1986), who described six rows of mystacial vibrissae, designated A–F in a dorsal to ventral direction, and reported that these rows differ from those of mice and rats in that they are more irregularly aligned with respect to one another. However, this arbitrary nomenclatur ...
... proposed by Sikich et al. (1986), who described six rows of mystacial vibrissae, designated A–F in a dorsal to ventral direction, and reported that these rows differ from those of mice and rats in that they are more irregularly aligned with respect to one another. However, this arbitrary nomenclatur ...
Module 10 - Neuronal Signalling
... neurons (red arrows in Module 10: Figure dorsolateral prefrontal cortex). This terminal region has vertical rows of boutons that resemble a chandelier neuron. These neurons express parvalbumen (PV) and calbindin (CB) and are fast-spiking inhibitory neurons that regulate the output of the pyramidal n ...
... neurons (red arrows in Module 10: Figure dorsolateral prefrontal cortex). This terminal region has vertical rows of boutons that resemble a chandelier neuron. These neurons express parvalbumen (PV) and calbindin (CB) and are fast-spiking inhibitory neurons that regulate the output of the pyramidal n ...
NIH Public Access
... Ca2+loaded matrix [8]. An early study [39] showed that cyclosporine A (CsA) failed to protect cultured hippocampal neurons against mitochondrial swelling and depolarization associated with Ca2+-ionophore-induced Ca2+ loading, although as discussed above this could have been a consequence of the unre ...
... Ca2+loaded matrix [8]. An early study [39] showed that cyclosporine A (CsA) failed to protect cultured hippocampal neurons against mitochondrial swelling and depolarization associated with Ca2+-ionophore-induced Ca2+ loading, although as discussed above this could have been a consequence of the unre ...
Pallidal Discharge Related to the Kinematics of Reaching
... (Hazrati and Parent 1991; Hazrati et al. 1990; Kim et al. 1976). Thus movement-related signals carried by neurons in both GPi and GPe could influence movement execution via their indirect action on neurons of motor-related areas of the cerebral cortex or the brain stem. The information contained in ...
... (Hazrati and Parent 1991; Hazrati et al. 1990; Kim et al. 1976). Thus movement-related signals carried by neurons in both GPi and GPe could influence movement execution via their indirect action on neurons of motor-related areas of the cerebral cortex or the brain stem. The information contained in ...
The Dialectics of Hebb and Homeostasis within
... 2008; Keck et al., 2013; Hengen et al 2013). In the rodent V1 this process of rebalancing activity unfolds slowly, over a time scale of hours to days, which is likely fast enough to compensate for most perturbations these networks normally encounter during experience-dependent development. However, ...
... 2008; Keck et al., 2013; Hengen et al 2013). In the rodent V1 this process of rebalancing activity unfolds slowly, over a time scale of hours to days, which is likely fast enough to compensate for most perturbations these networks normally encounter during experience-dependent development. However, ...
Spinal sympathetic interneurons: Their identification and roles after
... Abstract: Primary afferent neurons rarely, if ever, synapse on the sympathetic preganglionic neurons that regulate the cardiovascular system, nor do sympathetic preganglionic neurons normally exhibit spontaneous activity in the absence of excitatory inputs. Therefore, after serious spinal cord injur ...
... Abstract: Primary afferent neurons rarely, if ever, synapse on the sympathetic preganglionic neurons that regulate the cardiovascular system, nor do sympathetic preganglionic neurons normally exhibit spontaneous activity in the absence of excitatory inputs. Therefore, after serious spinal cord injur ...
Time Course and Time–Distance Relationships for Surround
... frequency of a sine wave grating at 100% contrast that drifted for 2– 4 sec behind a circular aperture chosen to approximate the CRF. We then used the smallest patch of optimal grating that provided a reliable response to find the center of the RF. Next, we presented stimuli in an interleaved manner ...
... frequency of a sine wave grating at 100% contrast that drifted for 2– 4 sec behind a circular aperture chosen to approximate the CRF. We then used the smallest patch of optimal grating that provided a reliable response to find the center of the RF. Next, we presented stimuli in an interleaved manner ...