Five Sources of a Dorsal Root Potential: Their Interactions and
... the response of interneurons during evoked DRPs or tonic DRPs (Wall 1995) or spontaneous variations of the DRP (Lidierth and Wall 1996). This paper supplements the previous work of many others in three ways: it compares DRPs produced from five sources, it examines their interactions, and it defines ...
... the response of interneurons during evoked DRPs or tonic DRPs (Wall 1995) or spontaneous variations of the DRP (Lidierth and Wall 1996). This paper supplements the previous work of many others in three ways: it compares DRPs produced from five sources, it examines their interactions, and it defines ...
Distinct Roles for Somatically and Dendritically Synthesized Brain
... antibodies were purchased from LI-COR Biosciences and used at a dilution of 1:10,000. Spine analysis. Transfected cultures were fixed and stained with an antibody to GFP at DIV14, DIV21, DIV28, DIV35, and DIV42, as described above. All dendritic spines on one entire main dendrite per neuron (⬎180 m ...
... antibodies were purchased from LI-COR Biosciences and used at a dilution of 1:10,000. Spine analysis. Transfected cultures were fixed and stained with an antibody to GFP at DIV14, DIV21, DIV28, DIV35, and DIV42, as described above. All dendritic spines on one entire main dendrite per neuron (⬎180 m ...
Vol 431 No 7010 pp723-882
... allostery and trafficking to long-range neuromodulation, everything biological produces adaptive computation. Synapses, for example, change strength in real time, as Bernard Katz observed fifty years ago — not just slowly to sustain learning and memory. And there is a growing appreciation of how muc ...
... allostery and trafficking to long-range neuromodulation, everything biological produces adaptive computation. Synapses, for example, change strength in real time, as Bernard Katz observed fifty years ago — not just slowly to sustain learning and memory. And there is a growing appreciation of how muc ...
Lateral Geniculate Nucleus (LGN)
... Different resolution images in different levels How do we know where the coarser level edges are in the finer edge detected image Seems very complex yet eye does it easily ...
... Different resolution images in different levels How do we know where the coarser level edges are in the finer edge detected image Seems very complex yet eye does it easily ...
Neocortical Very Fast Oscillations (Ripples, 80–200 Hz) During
... in Fig. 1, top) and 19 of 25 recurring seizures (76%, example in Fig. 11) had this pattern, which was revealed in filtered traces. Sometimes, recordings with macroelectrodes did not show this pattern, while local field potential recorded with a micropipette or cellular recordings did (see for exampl ...
... in Fig. 1, top) and 19 of 25 recurring seizures (76%, example in Fig. 11) had this pattern, which was revealed in filtered traces. Sometimes, recordings with macroelectrodes did not show this pattern, while local field potential recorded with a micropipette or cellular recordings did (see for exampl ...
[Ca2+]c dynamics in spontaneously firing dopamine neurons of the
... The isolated SNc cells were incubated with 2-5 µM fura-2-AM at room temperature (20-24°C) for 20-35 minutes. After that, the cells were washed with normal physiological salt solution twice. All cells were used within 3 hours of isolation. Single cell fluorescence intensity was measured using an Olym ...
... The isolated SNc cells were incubated with 2-5 µM fura-2-AM at room temperature (20-24°C) for 20-35 minutes. After that, the cells were washed with normal physiological salt solution twice. All cells were used within 3 hours of isolation. Single cell fluorescence intensity was measured using an Olym ...
Man to Machine, Applications in Electromyography
... Motoneurons carry impulses from the central nervous system to the muscle cells called the nerve action potential (NAP). All muscle cells (or fibers) innervated by one motoneuron are called a motor unit, and are stimulated simultaneously when the motoneuron fires. The muscle fibers of one motor unit ...
... Motoneurons carry impulses from the central nervous system to the muscle cells called the nerve action potential (NAP). All muscle cells (or fibers) innervated by one motoneuron are called a motor unit, and are stimulated simultaneously when the motoneuron fires. The muscle fibers of one motor unit ...
Extracellular voltage threshold settings can be tuned for optimal
... paralysis or other sensory–motor deficits. The recorded signals have taken the form of EEG, MEG, and intracortical signals (Schwartz et al 2006). A promising class of BCIs extracts information directly from action potentials, or ʻspikesʼ, identified from the voltage traces recorded from chronically im ...
... paralysis or other sensory–motor deficits. The recorded signals have taken the form of EEG, MEG, and intracortical signals (Schwartz et al 2006). A promising class of BCIs extracts information directly from action potentials, or ʻspikesʼ, identified from the voltage traces recorded from chronically im ...
NEURAL ACTIVITY RELATED TO ANTICIPATED REWARD:
... reward of a given size is perceived as having greater or lesser value according to whether delivery is anticipated after a shorter or longer delay (Cardinal et al. 2001; Evenden and Ryan 1996; Herrnstein 1961; Ho et al. 1999; Lowenstein 1992; Mobini et al. 2002; Montague and Berns 2002; Thaler 1981) ...
... reward of a given size is perceived as having greater or lesser value according to whether delivery is anticipated after a shorter or longer delay (Cardinal et al. 2001; Evenden and Ryan 1996; Herrnstein 1961; Ho et al. 1999; Lowenstein 1992; Mobini et al. 2002; Montague and Berns 2002; Thaler 1981) ...
[ H]GABA and - The University of Sydney
... consisting of 118 mM NaCl, 4.75 mM KCl, 1 mM NaH2PO4, 1.18 mM MgSO4, 2.5 mM CaCl2, 22 mM HEPES (buffer to pH 7.4 with 1 M NaOH), and 5.8 mM glucose and oxygenated with 95% O2 and 5% CO2. The cerebellum was dissected free and cut (first in a sagittal direction and then in a transverse direction) usin ...
... consisting of 118 mM NaCl, 4.75 mM KCl, 1 mM NaH2PO4, 1.18 mM MgSO4, 2.5 mM CaCl2, 22 mM HEPES (buffer to pH 7.4 with 1 M NaOH), and 5.8 mM glucose and oxygenated with 95% O2 and 5% CO2. The cerebellum was dissected free and cut (first in a sagittal direction and then in a transverse direction) usin ...
Apparent Loss and Hypertrophy of Interneurons in a Mouse Model
... Septal reg ion. The number of PV-expressing GABAergic neurons and ChAT-expressing cholinergic neurons in the septal region were determined in an unbiased manner using the optical dissector method in combination with the C avalieri method for estimating reference volume (West and Gundersen, 1990). Th ...
... Septal reg ion. The number of PV-expressing GABAergic neurons and ChAT-expressing cholinergic neurons in the septal region were determined in an unbiased manner using the optical dissector method in combination with the C avalieri method for estimating reference volume (West and Gundersen, 1990). Th ...
Thalamocortical neuron loss and localized astrocytosis in the Cln3
... mice and individuals with JNCL also raise autoantibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65) that inhibit the activity of this enzyme, resulting in elevated levels of glutamate (Chattopadhyay et al., 2002). More recently, Cln3 knock-in mice (Cln3 Dex7/8 ) have been generated which accurately repr ...
... mice and individuals with JNCL also raise autoantibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65) that inhibit the activity of this enzyme, resulting in elevated levels of glutamate (Chattopadhyay et al., 2002). More recently, Cln3 knock-in mice (Cln3 Dex7/8 ) have been generated which accurately repr ...
Selective attention through selective neuronal synchronization
... gamma-band synchronization can also be dissociated from each other and this can be found primarily when firing rate changes are not driven by changes in bottom-up input (e.g. stimulus changes), but rather by changes in top-down input (e.g. attention or stimulus selection) (Fries, Schröder, Roelfsema ...
... gamma-band synchronization can also be dissociated from each other and this can be found primarily when firing rate changes are not driven by changes in bottom-up input (e.g. stimulus changes), but rather by changes in top-down input (e.g. attention or stimulus selection) (Fries, Schröder, Roelfsema ...
Ethanol Potentiation of Glycine-Induced Responses in Dissociated
... Whole-cell current decays were fit by a Chebychev algorithm (pCLAMP). Statistical analyses of concentration-response data were performed using a nonlinear curve-fitting program (Sigma Plot; Jandel Scientific, San Rafael, CA). Data were statistically compared using Student’s t test at a significance ...
... Whole-cell current decays were fit by a Chebychev algorithm (pCLAMP). Statistical analyses of concentration-response data were performed using a nonlinear curve-fitting program (Sigma Plot; Jandel Scientific, San Rafael, CA). Data were statistically compared using Student’s t test at a significance ...
Homologous Neurons and their Locomotor Functions in Nudibranch
... During my dissertation work at Georgia State University, I have had the great fortune of being mentored by a number of amazing individuals. First and foremost, I would like to acknowledge my advisor, Paul Katz, who provided just the right amount of guidance, patience, advice, and prodding at all the ...
... During my dissertation work at Georgia State University, I have had the great fortune of being mentored by a number of amazing individuals. First and foremost, I would like to acknowledge my advisor, Paul Katz, who provided just the right amount of guidance, patience, advice, and prodding at all the ...
Mitchell, Emma (2016) Detour pathways of descending motor
... altered compared to shams. The results of this first study suggest that after subcortical stroke, the motor cortex from the non-ischaemic hemisphere does not contribute to recovery of the affected limb via increasing its direct CST connections to the denervated (ipsilateral) side of the spinal cord. ...
... altered compared to shams. The results of this first study suggest that after subcortical stroke, the motor cortex from the non-ischaemic hemisphere does not contribute to recovery of the affected limb via increasing its direct CST connections to the denervated (ipsilateral) side of the spinal cord. ...
Substance P and Cholecystokinin-like lmmunoreactive Varicosities
... antiserum, whereas only 0.01 PM CCK-8 was required to abolish the staining of the CCK-8 antiserum at the 1/ 100 dilution used in the present study. In addition, adjacent 5 pm sections through several levels of the neuroaxis were stained alternately with an antiserum against CGRP (Amersham) and the C ...
... antiserum, whereas only 0.01 PM CCK-8 was required to abolish the staining of the CCK-8 antiserum at the 1/ 100 dilution used in the present study. In addition, adjacent 5 pm sections through several levels of the neuroaxis were stained alternately with an antiserum against CGRP (Amersham) and the C ...
Dopaminergic control of the globus pallidus and its impact
... The work of my thesis is a part of integrative neurobiology and focuses on studying the control exerted by dopamine on basal ganglia (BG), especially the "external part of globus pallidus or GPe". GPe being a nucleus, which plays a key role in the control of movement by exerting an inhibitory influe ...
... The work of my thesis is a part of integrative neurobiology and focuses on studying the control exerted by dopamine on basal ganglia (BG), especially the "external part of globus pallidus or GPe". GPe being a nucleus, which plays a key role in the control of movement by exerting an inhibitory influe ...
The role of the basal ganglia in reinforcement learning
... cells, receive their major excitatory input from the cortex and the thalamus and project to both segments of the globus pallidus and SNr. In addition their axons give rise to a local collateral arborization, which contact other spiny neurons (8). Other striatal neurons are the small GABAergic intern ...
... cells, receive their major excitatory input from the cortex and the thalamus and project to both segments of the globus pallidus and SNr. In addition their axons give rise to a local collateral arborization, which contact other spiny neurons (8). Other striatal neurons are the small GABAergic intern ...
to the Proceedings
... Humans, like all primates, take great interest in faces. Faces, by structure and dynamics, display a plethora of social information for a visual system that can extract it. The primate visual system does this through specialized hardware. The functional organization of this hardware, a network of ti ...
... Humans, like all primates, take great interest in faces. Faces, by structure and dynamics, display a plethora of social information for a visual system that can extract it. The primate visual system does this through specialized hardware. The functional organization of this hardware, a network of ti ...
The Relation between Dendritic Geometry
... We recorded basic parameters describing the electrical excitability of the neurons that have been typically used in the literature. A sequence of depolarizing 500-ms-long rectangular current pulses of varying amplitudes was applied, and the action potential (AP) sequences were recorded. For analysis ...
... We recorded basic parameters describing the electrical excitability of the neurons that have been typically used in the literature. A sequence of depolarizing 500-ms-long rectangular current pulses of varying amplitudes was applied, and the action potential (AP) sequences were recorded. For analysis ...
Sleep Neurobiology from a Clinical Perspective
... activity is too low, distractible and anxious if LC activity is too high, but optimally attentive and aroused with intermediate levels of activity. NE tone is clearly linked to cognition as LC neurons in monkeys fire phasically in response to a salient stimulus that signals a reward such as food, bu ...
... activity is too low, distractible and anxious if LC activity is too high, but optimally attentive and aroused with intermediate levels of activity. NE tone is clearly linked to cognition as LC neurons in monkeys fire phasically in response to a salient stimulus that signals a reward such as food, bu ...
... can significantly delay tumour initiation and development. This makes the PDK1K465E/K465E mutant mouse model an excellent tool to explore the contribution of PKB to different human pathologies and to identify downstream substrates that could provide targets for therapeutic intervention. In particula ...
basic mechanisms of sleep
... LDT and PPT with strong evidence that a subset of these are cholinergic (6). In rodent brainstem slices, mesopontine neurons can be divided according to their membrane current characteristics into types I, II and III, with types II and III being cholinergic and projecting to the thalamus (6). Many r ...
... LDT and PPT with strong evidence that a subset of these are cholinergic (6). In rodent brainstem slices, mesopontine neurons can be divided according to their membrane current characteristics into types I, II and III, with types II and III being cholinergic and projecting to the thalamus (6). Many r ...