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COGS 107B Systems Neuroscience
March 11, 2010
REVIEW QUIZ
Learning / Memory
Hebbian learning is summarized in the phrase:
_______ together, ________ together
connection strength between neurons can depend on ______________ of two neurons
Changes in strength of connection = ________________
pre-synaptic neuron fires action potentials…the amount of depolarization in post-synaptic neuron can
change, this is referred to as _____________________________ (STDP)
depends on timing and order of firing
Memory
Give an example of each type of memory, and whether it is implicit or explicit
Associative __________________________
Procedural __________________________
Declarative __________________________
Episodic __________________________
Working __________________________
Declarative and episodic are explicit, and involve which brain structures? ______________________
Population code
What is a population firing rate vector?
Can population firing rate vectors change over time?
If so, how?
In motor cortex, population firing rate vector refers to motor cortex neuron activations that result in
pattern of muscle activations or ________________________
How do population firing rate vectors relate to the so-called “grandmother cell”?
True or False: A single cell in the brain can be uniquely responsible for an action or perception.
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Based on the firing pattern of cells in hippocampus (or the population firing rate vector), can and
experimenter figure out where the animal is in space?
Population firing rate vectors can be used as a tool to develop __________________________
Feedback properties in brain
Name at least one part of the brain that shows evidence of
Top-down processing ______________________________
Re-entry _________________________________________
Functional anatomy ________________________________
Define top-down processing, re-entry, and functional anatomy
Premotor cortex
True or False: Premotor cortex activity is always directed related to action in the moment.
True or False: Premotor cortex activity can relate to planning of upcoming action.
True or False: Premotor cortex activity can relate to observation of an action.
True or False: Premotor cortex activity can be sequence-dependent.
Give three examples of scenarios when a mirror neuron in premotor cortex might fire.
____________________________ _____________________________ ________________________
Prefrontal cortex
True or False: Prefrontal cortex neuron activation can reflect abstract variables of a behavioral task.
Name four conditions under which prefrontal cortex neurons might fire:
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
What type of memory is associated with prefrontal cortex? ___________________________________
Name two types of neurons associated with this type of memory:
___________________________________
___________________________________
Motor control
Motor neurons project to __________________. Motor cortex neuron synapse on ________________.
Spinal cord interneurons can be either _________________________ or ________________________.
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One motor cortex neuron might activate one neuron to cause muscle action and activate
_______________________ to keep other muscles from contracting.
Coordination of several muscles can happen by virtue of _____________________________.
Motor neurons receive _____________________ and _____________________ inputs from motor
cortex neurons.
True or False: Motor neurons can project to many muscles to achieve a muscle synergy.
True or False: Motor neurons can project to both slow-twitch or fast-twitch muscle fibers.
Features of plasticity, changes in synaptic strengths
Synaptic efficacy can change, depending on co-activity patterns, resulting in __________________ or
_________________________.
Spike-timing dependent plasticity
Induce action potential in post-synaptic neuron immediately followed by pre-synaptic neuron 100+
times. Consequently, the post-synaptic neuron is less likely to fire when the pre-synaptic neuron fires.
This is _____________________________.
Induce pre-synaptic neuron immediately followed by post-synaptic neuron.
The result, the post-synaptic neuron is more likely to fire after pre-synaptic neuron. This is
___________________________________.
True or False: There are four types of spike timing dependency curves.
True or False: ACh and NE can change the shape of the curve.
Does order of firing matter?
If so, under what conditions does firing order matter?
True or False: We see the same general pattern with no Ach and no NE (NREM sleep) as with high
ACH and NE (waking).
True or False: Regarding plasticity, in some situations co-activity matters, but timing doesn’t matter.
True or False: ACh enhances learning of motor and/or perceptual skills.
True or False: Learning related to differentiate a stimulus involves dedication of more brain space to
that stimulus.
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Premotor
Name three types of action sequence activity in premotor neurons:
____________________________ _____________________________ ________________________
Labile memories
True or False: If an associative memory is recalled later, the memory can be forgotten or erased.
True or False: Drugs can be administered to promote forgetting.
What neuromodulator is essential for memory? _________________________________
Attention
What is pop-out or bottom-up attention?
What is search or top-down attention?
What part of the brain is essential for top-down attention?
What is the order of activation of LIP/parietal cortex, prefrontal cortex, and frontal eye fields in the
following conditions?
Pop-out condition: (1)___________________ (2) ___________________ (3) ____________________
Search condition: (1)___________________ (2) ___________________ (3) ____________________
True or False: Attention can be thought of as a selection process.
Implicit/procedural learning
Which brain structure is implicated in procedural learning? _______________________________
A rat is trained to run a T-maze.
When the maze is rotated 180º, will the rat go to the specific place or make the same turn as it was
trained to get the reward?
When the maze is flipped early in training (in the first 2 days), the rat will use the __________ strategy.
When the maze is flipped later in training (3 days and beyond, the rat will use the __________ strategy.
If hippocampus is inactivated during first couple of days, the rat will use the __________ strategy.
If basal ganglia is inactivated at 3 days and beyond, the rat will use the __________ strategy.
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