Structure and dynamics of the corticothalamic driver pathway in the
... necessarily need to understand the neuronal substrate of perception, cognition and behavior. It is still not clear how the brain generates a percept of the environment from spatially and temporally distributed receptor activations on a neuronal basis. For example, how can I come to the conclusion th ...
... necessarily need to understand the neuronal substrate of perception, cognition and behavior. It is still not clear how the brain generates a percept of the environment from spatially and temporally distributed receptor activations on a neuronal basis. For example, how can I come to the conclusion th ...
neuronal reward and decision signals: from theories to data
... hear them. They affect our body through all sensory systems, but there is not a specific receptor that would capture the particular motivational properties of rewards. As reward functions cannot be explained by object properties alone, physics and chemistry are only of limited help, and we cannot in ...
... hear them. They affect our body through all sensory systems, but there is not a specific receptor that would capture the particular motivational properties of rewards. As reward functions cannot be explained by object properties alone, physics and chemistry are only of limited help, and we cannot in ...
Understanding the process of multisensory integration
... reexamine this process. The result, detailed in Chapter 2, was a new model that can accurately predict a neuron’s multisensory response on a moment-by-moment basis as it evolves, with only knowledge of its responses to the individual component cues. ...
... reexamine this process. The result, detailed in Chapter 2, was a new model that can accurately predict a neuron’s multisensory response on a moment-by-moment basis as it evolves, with only knowledge of its responses to the individual component cues. ...
A network of topographic numerosity maps in human
... cortical surface. These sensory maps are hierarchically organized. For example, visual field maps contain neurons that represent increasing large parts of visual space with increasingly complex responses1. Some visual neurons respond to stimuli with a particular numerosity, the number of objects in ...
... cortical surface. These sensory maps are hierarchically organized. For example, visual field maps contain neurons that represent increasing large parts of visual space with increasingly complex responses1. Some visual neurons respond to stimuli with a particular numerosity, the number of objects in ...
Glutamine deficiency in the prefrontal cortex increases depressive
... by astrocyte ablation and Glu–Gln cycle impairments Based on our previous results (Figs. 1–3), we postulated that the reduction of Glu and Gln levels in the PFC might evoke depressive behaviours, and that these amino acids could be the target of new antidepressant development. Therefore, we directly ...
... by astrocyte ablation and Glu–Gln cycle impairments Based on our previous results (Figs. 1–3), we postulated that the reduction of Glu and Gln levels in the PFC might evoke depressive behaviours, and that these amino acids could be the target of new antidepressant development. Therefore, we directly ...
Temporal modulation of the dynamics of neuronal networks with
... We investigated the putative function of the ne temporal dynamics of neuronal networks for implementing cognitive processes. First, we characterized the coding properties of spike trains recorded from the dorsal Anterior Cingulate Cortex (dACC) of monkeys. dACC is thought to trigger behavioral adap ...
... We investigated the putative function of the ne temporal dynamics of neuronal networks for implementing cognitive processes. First, we characterized the coding properties of spike trains recorded from the dorsal Anterior Cingulate Cortex (dACC) of monkeys. dACC is thought to trigger behavioral adap ...
NEURAL MECHANISMS SUPPORTING THE LEARNING
... conditioning (Grillon et al., 1991), while unconditioned skin conductance response (SCR) diminishes as associative learning develops during Pavlovian fear conditioning (Baxter, 1966; Kimmel, 1967; Marcos & Redondo, 1999) . More specifically, the magnitude of the unconditioned SCR decreases as the CS ...
... conditioning (Grillon et al., 1991), while unconditioned skin conductance response (SCR) diminishes as associative learning develops during Pavlovian fear conditioning (Baxter, 1966; Kimmel, 1967; Marcos & Redondo, 1999) . More specifically, the magnitude of the unconditioned SCR decreases as the CS ...
Mismatch Negativity: Different Water in the Same River
... accumulation of evidence that a particular stimulus is not the same as the preceding stimuli. In terms of stimuli that differ in duration, the latency of the MMN is determined by the time at which the shorter stimulus (either the standard or the deviant) ends. Recording the MMN to stimuli with diffe ...
... accumulation of evidence that a particular stimulus is not the same as the preceding stimuli. In terms of stimuli that differ in duration, the latency of the MMN is determined by the time at which the shorter stimulus (either the standard or the deviant) ends. Recording the MMN to stimuli with diffe ...
Neural correlates of stimulus–response and response–outcome
... outcome, but rather its specific identity. Finally, in both regions we found correlates of the available action–outcome contingencies reflected in the baseline activity of many neurons. These results suggest that differences in information content in these two regions may not determine the different ...
... outcome, but rather its specific identity. Finally, in both regions we found correlates of the available action–outcome contingencies reflected in the baseline activity of many neurons. These results suggest that differences in information content in these two regions may not determine the different ...
... Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders occurring in childhood. The main symptoms are developmentally excessive levels of inattention, impulsivity and hyperactivity. ADHD occurs in 8 to 12% of school age children worldwide; the majority ...
Neural representation of olfactory mixtures in the honeybee
... stimulus compound (elemental processing, e.g. Rescorla & Wagner, 1972; Rescorla, 1972, 1973) or treat a compound as an entity different from its elements (configural processing, e.g. Pearce, 1987, 1994) has been the subject of intensive debate both within and across sensory modalities. Within modalit ...
... stimulus compound (elemental processing, e.g. Rescorla & Wagner, 1972; Rescorla, 1972, 1973) or treat a compound as an entity different from its elements (configural processing, e.g. Pearce, 1987, 1994) has been the subject of intensive debate both within and across sensory modalities. Within modalit ...
FNIRS Measures of Prefrontal Cortex Lateralization During Stuttered
... AWS will present with greater right-hemisphere PFC oxygenation relative to TS in a habitual or everyday speaking task (2) AWS will present with reduced right-hemisphere PFC activation (leftward shift in laterality more similar to TS) during fluency-enhanced speech strategy tasks relative to a habitu ...
... AWS will present with greater right-hemisphere PFC oxygenation relative to TS in a habitual or everyday speaking task (2) AWS will present with reduced right-hemisphere PFC activation (leftward shift in laterality more similar to TS) during fluency-enhanced speech strategy tasks relative to a habitu ...
MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY IN ADULT MAMMALIAN SENSORY CORTEX
... I gratefully thank Dr. Elizabeth Quinlan for offering me the opportunity to come here to pursue my Ph.D., for patiently guiding me through each step, and for making this process a joyful challenge. I sincerely thank my committee members: Dr. William Hodos, Dr. Catherine Carr, Dr Hey-Kyoung Lee and D ...
... I gratefully thank Dr. Elizabeth Quinlan for offering me the opportunity to come here to pursue my Ph.D., for patiently guiding me through each step, and for making this process a joyful challenge. I sincerely thank my committee members: Dr. William Hodos, Dr. Catherine Carr, Dr Hey-Kyoung Lee and D ...
Anatomy of Neuropsychiatry : The New Anatomy of the
... from a need to unite our knowledge of brain function and structure with clinical observations. The task is to enable an integration of brain-behavior relationships which not only makes sense but which also has practical application in treating a spectrum of neurological and psychiatric disorders. Th ...
... from a need to unite our knowledge of brain function and structure with clinical observations. The task is to enable an integration of brain-behavior relationships which not only makes sense but which also has practical application in treating a spectrum of neurological and psychiatric disorders. Th ...
... grey matter volume decreases in dopamine related regions also corroborate such deficits. Adults diagnosed with this disorder are likely to neuropsychological deficits involving working memory, attention and inhibitory control. The multiple pathway model proposed by Sonuga-Barke implicates at least t ...
Fear Models in Animals and Humans
... Extensive research in animal models has delineated the neural circuits that support Pavlovian fear conditioning (see [2, 3]; Fig. 1). This work highlights the necessary role of the amygdala in acquisition, storage, and expression of fear learning. The amygdala is a heterogenous structure composed of ...
... Extensive research in animal models has delineated the neural circuits that support Pavlovian fear conditioning (see [2, 3]; Fig. 1). This work highlights the necessary role of the amygdala in acquisition, storage, and expression of fear learning. The amygdala is a heterogenous structure composed of ...
Cliff - USD Biology
... ◦ Ventral Tegmental Area …and Substantia Nigra Phasic release Stimulated by ACh from the pedunculopontine and laterodorsal tegmenta = PPT & LDT Stimulated by Glu from the Cortex Inhibited by GABA from NAc & Striatum ...
... ◦ Ventral Tegmental Area …and Substantia Nigra Phasic release Stimulated by ACh from the pedunculopontine and laterodorsal tegmenta = PPT & LDT Stimulated by Glu from the Cortex Inhibited by GABA from NAc & Striatum ...
1
... suggest an important role of the cerebellum. However, nearly all these studies are based on the analysis of apriori selected regions of interest (known as ROI approaches). Recent studies, using more global approaches, found that ADHD structural abnormalities were not limited to fronto-striatal-cereb ...
... suggest an important role of the cerebellum. However, nearly all these studies are based on the analysis of apriori selected regions of interest (known as ROI approaches). Recent studies, using more global approaches, found that ADHD structural abnormalities were not limited to fronto-striatal-cereb ...
Taste, olfactory, and food reward value processing
... evidence, to build a clear foundation for understanding taste and olfactory cortical processing and the underlying principles in primates including humans. This approach is important, for it appears that some of the underlying principles of taste and olfactory processing are different in rodents, as ...
... evidence, to build a clear foundation for understanding taste and olfactory cortical processing and the underlying principles in primates including humans. This approach is important, for it appears that some of the underlying principles of taste and olfactory processing are different in rodents, as ...
Lateral Hypothalamus Contains Two Types of Palatability
... Recording sessions typically lasted less than an hour and consisted of 15–20 repeats of each of the five taste stimuli, for a total of 75–100 separate taste deliveries. We have previously shown that palatability and neural responses are stable across this length of session and volume of fluid consum ...
... Recording sessions typically lasted less than an hour and consisted of 15–20 repeats of each of the five taste stimuli, for a total of 75–100 separate taste deliveries. We have previously shown that palatability and neural responses are stable across this length of session and volume of fluid consum ...
A Dendritic Disinhibitory Circuit Mechanism for Pathway
... and SOM interneurons5,7,10–13 . These studies generally found that VIP neurons are activated, and ...
... and SOM interneurons5,7,10–13 . These studies generally found that VIP neurons are activated, and ...
The effect of selective attention on auditory frequency
... When we listen to a friend in a noisy café, the segregation between information and noise depends largely on the differences in neural level representations of the auditory inputs. The auditory cortex (AC) is tonotopically organized, which means that the frequency information is mapped to the cortic ...
... When we listen to a friend in a noisy café, the segregation between information and noise depends largely on the differences in neural level representations of the auditory inputs. The auditory cortex (AC) is tonotopically organized, which means that the frequency information is mapped to the cortic ...
Rules Ventral Prefrontal Cortical Axons Use to Reach Their Targets
... and Horsley, 1890; Schmahmann and Pandya, 2006; Petrides and Pandya, 2007). These major PFC pathways are well defined, but little is known about the organization of vPFC fibers within them. Of particular importance is determining whether fibers from different vPFC regions are segmented within these ...
... and Horsley, 1890; Schmahmann and Pandya, 2006; Petrides and Pandya, 2007). These major PFC pathways are well defined, but little is known about the organization of vPFC fibers within them. Of particular importance is determining whether fibers from different vPFC regions are segmented within these ...
Limbic systems for emotion and for memory, but no
... many steps ahead, and for example deferring short-term rewards in order to execute a long-term plan. This system may use syntactic processing to perform the planning, and is therefore part of a linguistic system which performs explicit (conscious) processing, as described more fully elsewhere (Rolls ...
... many steps ahead, and for example deferring short-term rewards in order to execute a long-term plan. This system may use syntactic processing to perform the planning, and is therefore part of a linguistic system which performs explicit (conscious) processing, as described more fully elsewhere (Rolls ...
Executive functions
Executive functions (also known as cognitive control and supervisory attentional system) is an umbrella term for the management (regulation, control) of cognitive processes, including working memory, reasoning, task flexibility, and problem solving as well as planning and execution.The executive system is a theorized cognitive system in psychology that controls and manages other cognitive processes, such as executive functions. The prefrontal areas of the frontal lobe are necessary but not solely sufficient for carrying out these functions.