Empathic choice involves vmPFC value signals that are modulated
... pay anything. The optimal strategy in this type of auction is for the buyer to bid exactly how much he is willing to pay for the item being sold (Becker et al., 1964). The active subjects knew that the outcome of the auction would be implemented and that the person for whom they were bidding would r ...
... pay anything. The optimal strategy in this type of auction is for the buyer to bid exactly how much he is willing to pay for the item being sold (Becker et al., 1964). The active subjects knew that the outcome of the auction would be implemented and that the person for whom they were bidding would r ...
Chapter 3 Overlapping circuits for relative value and selective
... not yet been investigated. Here we wished to gain insight into the effects of reward expectancy on neuronal activity in area V1 of macaque monkeys. Moreover, we aimed to investigate the relation between reward expectancy and attention (Maunsell, 2004). The effects of attention are as widespread acro ...
... not yet been investigated. Here we wished to gain insight into the effects of reward expectancy on neuronal activity in area V1 of macaque monkeys. Moreover, we aimed to investigate the relation between reward expectancy and attention (Maunsell, 2004). The effects of attention are as widespread acro ...
The multisensory roles for auditory cortex in primate vocal
... are delineated largely by their tonotopic organization and anatomical criteria. The reasons for why there are so many areas are not known, and how each of them, together or separately, relate to behavior is also somewhat of a mystery. That they must be involved in multiple auditory-related behaviors ...
... are delineated largely by their tonotopic organization and anatomical criteria. The reasons for why there are so many areas are not known, and how each of them, together or separately, relate to behavior is also somewhat of a mystery. That they must be involved in multiple auditory-related behaviors ...
Virtual dissection and comparative connectivity of the superior
... in chimpanzees and humans. SLF I, the superior-most branch of the SLF, showed similar patterns of connectivity between humans and chimpanzees, and was proportionally volumetrically larger in chimpanzees. SLF II, the middle branch, and SLF III, the inferior-most branch, showed species differences in ...
... in chimpanzees and humans. SLF I, the superior-most branch of the SLF, showed similar patterns of connectivity between humans and chimpanzees, and was proportionally volumetrically larger in chimpanzees. SLF II, the middle branch, and SLF III, the inferior-most branch, showed species differences in ...
Physiological origins and functional correlates of EEG rhythmic
... a tone (conditional stimulus) which was associated with a shut-down of the f e e d e r apparatus mechanism. When the tone was sounding a bar press was not rewarded with food. Instead, the tone was prolonged. If the press was made after the tone stopped food was delivered. We hypothesized that a cond ...
... a tone (conditional stimulus) which was associated with a shut-down of the f e e d e r apparatus mechanism. When the tone was sounding a bar press was not rewarded with food. Instead, the tone was prolonged. If the press was made after the tone stopped food was delivered. We hypothesized that a cond ...
Word doc - Center for Neural Science
... ACx (Roger and Arnault 1989; Romanski and LeDoux 1993). Since MGv neurons project to cortical neurons with the same CF (Imig and Morel 1984; Miller et al. 2001; Winer et al. 1999), it is plausible that response characteristics exhibited by cortical neurons simply reflect response characteristics of ...
... ACx (Roger and Arnault 1989; Romanski and LeDoux 1993). Since MGv neurons project to cortical neurons with the same CF (Imig and Morel 1984; Miller et al. 2001; Winer et al. 1999), it is plausible that response characteristics exhibited by cortical neurons simply reflect response characteristics of ...
Divergent Projections from the Anterior Inferotemporal Area TE to
... WGA-HRP cases. The monkey was anesthetized with a lethal dose of sodium pentobarbital (60 – 80 mg/kg, i.v.) and perfused transcardially with 1 l of 0.9% warm heparinized saline, then 3– 4 l of 4% paraformaldehyde in 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.2–7.4), 1–2 l of 10% sucrose in 0.1 M phosphate buffer ...
... WGA-HRP cases. The monkey was anesthetized with a lethal dose of sodium pentobarbital (60 – 80 mg/kg, i.v.) and perfused transcardially with 1 l of 0.9% warm heparinized saline, then 3– 4 l of 4% paraformaldehyde in 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.2–7.4), 1–2 l of 10% sucrose in 0.1 M phosphate buffer ...
Dynamics of sensory processing in the dual olfactory pathway of the
... The second difference refers to the concentration dependence of odor responses. In m-PN boutons, the amplitude of the Ca responses typically increased with odor concentration. On the contrary, l-PNs typically responded even for very low concentrations and revealed little or even a negative relation ...
... The second difference refers to the concentration dependence of odor responses. In m-PN boutons, the amplitude of the Ca responses typically increased with odor concentration. On the contrary, l-PNs typically responded even for very low concentrations and revealed little or even a negative relation ...
Full PDF
... have been proposed by a number of other investigators, such as those who are quoted in Fig. 2. Although they have concluded that the hypocretinergic system plays a key role in certain aspects of survival behaviors, the data have not been organized in a manner that allows one to examine the comprehen ...
... have been proposed by a number of other investigators, such as those who are quoted in Fig. 2. Although they have concluded that the hypocretinergic system plays a key role in certain aspects of survival behaviors, the data have not been organized in a manner that allows one to examine the comprehen ...
Neuroanatomical correlates of the near response: voluntary
... information by lacking directionality in focusing power, i.e. no direct information about the over- or under-focusing of a target. Yet, the visual system is exquisitely sensitive to dioptric blur (Legge et al., 1987). Secondary cues (e.g. chromatic aberration) must be processed in parallel within a ...
... information by lacking directionality in focusing power, i.e. no direct information about the over- or under-focusing of a target. Yet, the visual system is exquisitely sensitive to dioptric blur (Legge et al., 1987). Secondary cues (e.g. chromatic aberration) must be processed in parallel within a ...
Linking Topography to Tonotopy in the Mouse Auditory
... Analysis of spatially distributed tone representations. All AI and AAF recording sites for a given mouse were divided into 18 equally spaced regions of interest (ROIs) along the rostral-to-caudal extent of each field. Similarly, positions of all MGBv recording sites in a given mouse were assigned to ...
... Analysis of spatially distributed tone representations. All AI and AAF recording sites for a given mouse were divided into 18 equally spaced regions of interest (ROIs) along the rostral-to-caudal extent of each field. Similarly, positions of all MGBv recording sites in a given mouse were assigned to ...
Neural systems for guilt from actions affecting self versus others
... diminished guilt and compassion (Koenigs et al., 2007). Investigation of the evaluative processes comparing guilt and embarrassment showed that both conditions commonly activated the medial PFC and the left superior temporal sulcus (STS) (Takahashi et al., 2004). In parallel to these studies of emot ...
... diminished guilt and compassion (Koenigs et al., 2007). Investigation of the evaluative processes comparing guilt and embarrassment showed that both conditions commonly activated the medial PFC and the left superior temporal sulcus (STS) (Takahashi et al., 2004). In parallel to these studies of emot ...
19 CORTICAL PROJECTIONS FROM TWO PRESTRIATE AREAS IN
... rior bank of the superior temporal sulcus, which appears to receive projections from all these areas, regions of vertical meridian representation in area 18 project to two strips outside (anterior to) area 19 and that a third, separate, field receives a small projection (anterior part of prelunate g ...
... rior bank of the superior temporal sulcus, which appears to receive projections from all these areas, regions of vertical meridian representation in area 18 project to two strips outside (anterior to) area 19 and that a third, separate, field receives a small projection (anterior part of prelunate g ...
Non-reward neural mechanisms in the orbitofrontal cortex
... visual discrimination reversal task. Importantly, at least some of these non-reward neurons continue firing for several seconds when an expected reward is not obtained, as illustrated in Fig. 1. These neurons do not respond when an expected punishment is received, for example the taste of salt from ...
... visual discrimination reversal task. Importantly, at least some of these non-reward neurons continue firing for several seconds when an expected reward is not obtained, as illustrated in Fig. 1. These neurons do not respond when an expected punishment is received, for example the taste of salt from ...
A Neural Theory of Visual Attention
... Filtering is done in such a way that the number of cells in which an object is represented increases with the behavioral importance of the object (parallel processing with differential allocation of resources). More specifically, the probability that a cortical neuron represents a particular object ...
... Filtering is done in such a way that the number of cells in which an object is represented increases with the behavioral importance of the object (parallel processing with differential allocation of resources). More specifically, the probability that a cortical neuron represents a particular object ...
K. Lutz, M. Widmer
... (dark orange arrow) and the anterior cingulate cortex (light orange arrow) provide the main cortical input to the ventral striatum. Moreover, the ventral striatum receives substantial dopaminergic input from the midbrain. On the other hand, ventral striatum projections target the ventral pallidum an ...
... (dark orange arrow) and the anterior cingulate cortex (light orange arrow) provide the main cortical input to the ventral striatum. Moreover, the ventral striatum receives substantial dopaminergic input from the midbrain. On the other hand, ventral striatum projections target the ventral pallidum an ...
Link
... mostly due to methodological challenges like insufficient spatial resolution and low signal-to-noise ratio for this small and deeply located subcortical brain region. However, there are several studies that investigated the sensitivity of the SC to visual stimulation in the absence of eye movements ...
... mostly due to methodological challenges like insufficient spatial resolution and low signal-to-noise ratio for this small and deeply located subcortical brain region. However, there are several studies that investigated the sensitivity of the SC to visual stimulation in the absence of eye movements ...
Diversity of laminar connections linking periarcuate and
... Lateral prefrontal and intraparietal cortices have strong connectional and functional associations but it is unclear how their common visuomotor, perceptual and working memory functions arise. The hierarchical scheme of cortical processing assumes that prefrontal cortex issues ‘feedback’ projections ...
... Lateral prefrontal and intraparietal cortices have strong connectional and functional associations but it is unclear how their common visuomotor, perceptual and working memory functions arise. The hierarchical scheme of cortical processing assumes that prefrontal cortex issues ‘feedback’ projections ...
Neuron
... respond to any task event. Single-unit recording studies in monkeys, with set-shifting or task-switching paradigms, have shown that the PPC and PFC neurons showed ‘‘rule-selectivity’’ (Asaad et al., 2000; Johnston and Everling, 2006; Mansouri et al., 2006; Stoet and Snyder, 2004; Wallis et al., 2001 ...
... respond to any task event. Single-unit recording studies in monkeys, with set-shifting or task-switching paradigms, have shown that the PPC and PFC neurons showed ‘‘rule-selectivity’’ (Asaad et al., 2000; Johnston and Everling, 2006; Mansouri et al., 2006; Stoet and Snyder, 2004; Wallis et al., 2001 ...
Chapter 2: Biological Bases of Behavior MULTIPLE CHOICE 1
... b. Charles’ cognitive function will deteriorate, but his personality should not dramatically change. c. Charles will have to take medication for many months, but it is possible to cure his disease. d. The course of Alzheimer’s is difficult to describe. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom's: Understand REF: 2.1 ...
... b. Charles’ cognitive function will deteriorate, but his personality should not dramatically change. c. Charles will have to take medication for many months, but it is possible to cure his disease. d. The course of Alzheimer’s is difficult to describe. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom's: Understand REF: 2.1 ...
Extraction of Sensory Parameters from a Neural Map by Primary
... Figure 1. Functional organization of the cricket cercal sensory system. A, Schematic diagram of the common house cricket, Acheta domestica, showing the location of the abdominal nerve cord. The cerci are two abdominal appendages projecting from the rear of the animal’s body. Both cerci are covered w ...
... Figure 1. Functional organization of the cricket cercal sensory system. A, Schematic diagram of the common house cricket, Acheta domestica, showing the location of the abdominal nerve cord. The cerci are two abdominal appendages projecting from the rear of the animal’s body. Both cerci are covered w ...
Altered neural reward and loss processing and
... Thirty medication-free depressed persons and 28 healthy controls performed an fMRI reward paradigm. Regions of interest analyses focused on neural responses during anticipation and receipt of gains and losses and related PE-signals. Additionally, we assessed the relationship between neural responsiv ...
... Thirty medication-free depressed persons and 28 healthy controls performed an fMRI reward paradigm. Regions of interest analyses focused on neural responses during anticipation and receipt of gains and losses and related PE-signals. Additionally, we assessed the relationship between neural responsiv ...
LFP Power Spectra in V1 Cortex: The Graded Effect of Stimulus
... contents of the LFP are actually modulated by stimulus conditions. We studied the neural activity recorded in V1 of anesthetized and paralyzed monkeys to a series of grating patterns of ascending stimulus contrasts. The simultaneously sampled LFP and spike responses from these recordings were analyz ...
... contents of the LFP are actually modulated by stimulus conditions. We studied the neural activity recorded in V1 of anesthetized and paralyzed monkeys to a series of grating patterns of ascending stimulus contrasts. The simultaneously sampled LFP and spike responses from these recordings were analyz ...
Anatomical organization of the eye fields in the human and non
... least three distinct regions: the frontal eye field (FEF) (Bruce et al., 1985), the supplementary eye field (SEF) (Schlag and Schlag-Rey, 1987a,b) and the cingulate eye field (CEF) (Gaymard et al., 1998a). The location of these areas is relatively well known and has been established with electrical mic ...
... least three distinct regions: the frontal eye field (FEF) (Bruce et al., 1985), the supplementary eye field (SEF) (Schlag and Schlag-Rey, 1987a,b) and the cingulate eye field (CEF) (Gaymard et al., 1998a). The location of these areas is relatively well known and has been established with electrical mic ...
i BASAL GANGLIA PATHWAYS: BEYOND THE CLOSED
... Figure 2-8: Rostro-caudal distribution of first- and second-order NBM neurons after injections into area 9L and M1. ..................................................................................... 50 Figure 2-9: Density of third-order neurons labeled after RV injections into area 9L, PrePMd and ...
... Figure 2-8: Rostro-caudal distribution of first- and second-order NBM neurons after injections into area 9L and M1. ..................................................................................... 50 Figure 2-9: Density of third-order neurons labeled after RV injections into area 9L, PrePMd and ...
Executive functions
Executive functions (also known as cognitive control and supervisory attentional system) is an umbrella term for the management (regulation, control) of cognitive processes, including working memory, reasoning, task flexibility, and problem solving as well as planning and execution.The executive system is a theorized cognitive system in psychology that controls and manages other cognitive processes, such as executive functions. The prefrontal areas of the frontal lobe are necessary but not solely sufficient for carrying out these functions.