response inhibition is differentially related to instrumental and
... regulate emotion and behavior. Instrumental aggression requires strong regulation of emotion and behavior, whereas a tendency to reactive aggression is caused by impaired regulation. If it is the case that response inhibition can differentiate between instrumental and reactive aggression, then resp ...
... regulate emotion and behavior. Instrumental aggression requires strong regulation of emotion and behavior, whereas a tendency to reactive aggression is caused by impaired regulation. If it is the case that response inhibition can differentiate between instrumental and reactive aggression, then resp ...
Neuronal responses to face-like and facial stimuli in the monkey
... Since it has been reported that individual sSC neurons are not sensitive to shape (Schiller and Koerner, 1971; Goldberg and Wurtz, 1972), we hypothesized that population activity of sSC neurons could better discriminate these prototypical facial stimuli than activity of individual sSC neurons. It is ...
... Since it has been reported that individual sSC neurons are not sensitive to shape (Schiller and Koerner, 1971; Goldberg and Wurtz, 1972), we hypothesized that population activity of sSC neurons could better discriminate these prototypical facial stimuli than activity of individual sSC neurons. It is ...
computational and in vitro studies of persistent activity
... Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, Universidad Miguel HernándezConsejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 03550 Sant Joan d’Alacant, Spain ...
... Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, Universidad Miguel HernándezConsejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 03550 Sant Joan d’Alacant, Spain ...
physiological plasticity in auditory cortex: rapid induction by learning
... learning has been documented extensively (for reviews see e.g. Lund, 1978; Finger and Stein, 1982; Tsukahara, 1981, respectively). Not generally recognized is the difference in time scales involved in these phenomena. Both developmental plasticity and that involved in recovery of function or reorgan ...
... learning has been documented extensively (for reviews see e.g. Lund, 1978; Finger and Stein, 1982; Tsukahara, 1981, respectively). Not generally recognized is the difference in time scales involved in these phenomena. Both developmental plasticity and that involved in recovery of function or reorgan ...
The amygdala - University of Puget Sound
... with striatal areas involved in the control of instrumental behaviors. Thus, while the output connections of central amydgala to the brainstem are involved in controlling emotional reactions, like freezing in the presence of a predator, connections from the basal amygdala to the striatum are involve ...
... with striatal areas involved in the control of instrumental behaviors. Thus, while the output connections of central amydgala to the brainstem are involved in controlling emotional reactions, like freezing in the presence of a predator, connections from the basal amygdala to the striatum are involve ...
Auditory working memory: contributions of lateral prefrontal cortex
... the visual domain. A rich and diverse amount of research has investigated the lateral prefrontal cortex (lPFC) as a primary area for visual working memory, while another line of research has found the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) to be involved. This dissertation used auditory cues and found ...
... the visual domain. A rich and diverse amount of research has investigated the lateral prefrontal cortex (lPFC) as a primary area for visual working memory, while another line of research has found the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) to be involved. This dissertation used auditory cues and found ...
Magnocellular and Parvocellular Contributions to
... processing also suggest that appreciable intermixing may occur (see Van Essen, 1985; DeYoe and Van Essen, 1988). In sum, the available evidence is sufficiently inconclusive that it would be consistent either with the P and M channels being the primary determinants of the differences between the temp ...
... processing also suggest that appreciable intermixing may occur (see Van Essen, 1985; DeYoe and Van Essen, 1988). In sum, the available evidence is sufficiently inconclusive that it would be consistent either with the P and M channels being the primary determinants of the differences between the temp ...
The neuropharmacology of impulsive behaviour
... have to inhibit making a response until a next visual stimulus is presented to them. The number of responses before the onset of the visual stimulus (or premature responses) is generally regarded to be a measure of impulsivity, because low levels of premature responses require the ability to inhibit ...
... have to inhibit making a response until a next visual stimulus is presented to them. The number of responses before the onset of the visual stimulus (or premature responses) is generally regarded to be a measure of impulsivity, because low levels of premature responses require the ability to inhibit ...
Rewardcircuit - URMC - University of Rochester
... cortex, via the medial dorsal (MD) nucleus of the thalamus. This circuit is an integral part of the cortico-basal ganglia system. In addition, other structures including the amygdala, hippocampus, lateral habenular (LHb) nucleus, and specific brainstem structures, such as the pedunculopontine nucleu ...
... cortex, via the medial dorsal (MD) nucleus of the thalamus. This circuit is an integral part of the cortico-basal ganglia system. In addition, other structures including the amygdala, hippocampus, lateral habenular (LHb) nucleus, and specific brainstem structures, such as the pedunculopontine nucleu ...
Corina Wirth and Hans
... against the bath electrode. To improve the signal-to-noise ratio, the traces were averaged (n ⫽ 15–20). Because spike activity can be detected with MEA electrodes at distances of ⱕ100 m (Egert et al. 2002), we assume that each electrode records additional weak signals from neurons located close to ...
... against the bath electrode. To improve the signal-to-noise ratio, the traces were averaged (n ⫽ 15–20). Because spike activity can be detected with MEA electrodes at distances of ⱕ100 m (Egert et al. 2002), we assume that each electrode records additional weak signals from neurons located close to ...
Functional neuroanatomy of the primate isocortical motor system
... connected in a specific pattern, thus forming several parieto-frontal circuits. These circuits work in parallel and transform different aspects of sensory information into appropriate motor commands. The aim of this review is to give a concise overview of the anatomical and functional organization o ...
... connected in a specific pattern, thus forming several parieto-frontal circuits. These circuits work in parallel and transform different aspects of sensory information into appropriate motor commands. The aim of this review is to give a concise overview of the anatomical and functional organization o ...
Information processing in the cortex: The relevance of coherent oscillations for neuronal communication
... for excitatory neurons and I for inhibitory ones). Several different (and sometimes reduced) cases of this type of network have been studied. Eeckman & Freeman (1990) developed a model for induced rhythms in olfactory structures, in which synchronous oscillation was generated by a feedback loop betw ...
... for excitatory neurons and I for inhibitory ones). Several different (and sometimes reduced) cases of this type of network have been studied. Eeckman & Freeman (1990) developed a model for induced rhythms in olfactory structures, in which synchronous oscillation was generated by a feedback loop betw ...
Aerobic Glycolysis in the Frontal Cortex Correlates with Memory
... closely linked with amyloid pathology, and correlates with cognitive decline in AD (Mosconi et al., 2006). In addition to cell loss, cerebral hypometabolism in the AD brain may arise, in part, by A deposition, which is known to disturb mitochondrial function, leading to impaired energy metabolism ( ...
... closely linked with amyloid pathology, and correlates with cognitive decline in AD (Mosconi et al., 2006). In addition to cell loss, cerebral hypometabolism in the AD brain may arise, in part, by A deposition, which is known to disturb mitochondrial function, leading to impaired energy metabolism ( ...
Enlargement of Axo-Somatic Contacts Formed by
... that wheel running is anxiolytic (Hare et al. 2012), thus being perpetuated by individuals that are experiencing anxiety due to the stress of FR. Wheel running may also be an attempt at food foraging [discussed by Gutierrez (2013)]. However, when occurring within a closed environment, wheel running ...
... that wheel running is anxiolytic (Hare et al. 2012), thus being perpetuated by individuals that are experiencing anxiety due to the stress of FR. Wheel running may also be an attempt at food foraging [discussed by Gutierrez (2013)]. However, when occurring within a closed environment, wheel running ...
Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Cortex: A Bottom-Up View
... passed to downstream structures. It is distinguished by its placement outside of, or beside, the basic processes that transform inputs to outputs and generate actions (Norman & Shallice 1986, Schall et al. 2002). Although monitoring signals are often found after decisions and their results (in labor ...
... passed to downstream structures. It is distinguished by its placement outside of, or beside, the basic processes that transform inputs to outputs and generate actions (Norman & Shallice 1986, Schall et al. 2002). Although monitoring signals are often found after decisions and their results (in labor ...
response preparation and inhibition: the role of the
... Network analysis. To investigate the dynamical organization of the beta network after its rebound in the NO-GO condition, a post-rebound window of analysis was selected and referred to as the recurrence window. Based on visual inspection of the time-frequency plots of power, coherence and Granger ca ...
... Network analysis. To investigate the dynamical organization of the beta network after its rebound in the NO-GO condition, a post-rebound window of analysis was selected and referred to as the recurrence window. Based on visual inspection of the time-frequency plots of power, coherence and Granger ca ...
GABAergic Influence on Taste Information in the Central Gustatory
... concentration-dependent manner; 96% of tested neurons responded to muscimol (GABAA agonist) in a similar manner. Baclofen (GABAB agonist) was tested on 11 neurons with no effects. GABAA antagonists picrotoxin and BICM blocked these GABA responses in a concentration-dependent manner. These results s ...
... concentration-dependent manner; 96% of tested neurons responded to muscimol (GABAA agonist) in a similar manner. Baclofen (GABAB agonist) was tested on 11 neurons with no effects. GABAA antagonists picrotoxin and BICM blocked these GABA responses in a concentration-dependent manner. These results s ...
PDF version - Richard Andersen
... and offset and from the duration of the saccadic movement task. The analysis presented here is based on 161 neurons re(typically 60 ms). For both areas LIP and 7a the distribution of corded from the lateral intraparietal area (LIP), a recently defined subdivision of the IPL; and 54 neurons recorded ...
... and offset and from the duration of the saccadic movement task. The analysis presented here is based on 161 neurons re(typically 60 ms). For both areas LIP and 7a the distribution of corded from the lateral intraparietal area (LIP), a recently defined subdivision of the IPL; and 54 neurons recorded ...
Expected Value, Reward Outcome, and
... Figure 2. Task performance. (a) The choices of a subject in the decision task. The solid line shows the EV on the right in 3 different sets of 30 trials. Right and Left responses are shown. Each subject was run with a random order of the different EV trial sets. (b) The percentage of choices to the ...
... Figure 2. Task performance. (a) The choices of a subject in the decision task. The solid line shows the EV on the right in 3 different sets of 30 trials. Right and Left responses are shown. Each subject was run with a random order of the different EV trial sets. (b) The percentage of choices to the ...
Column-Based Model of Electric Field Excitation of Cerebral Cortex
... the cortical surface. The isotropism of the horizontal fibers should translate into a lack of a preferred orientation for TMS, as the induced current should excite an equivalent fraction of the total horizontal-fiber population in any orientation. Both of the above research groups recognized that isot ...
... the cortical surface. The isotropism of the horizontal fibers should translate into a lack of a preferred orientation for TMS, as the induced current should excite an equivalent fraction of the total horizontal-fiber population in any orientation. Both of the above research groups recognized that isot ...
Barrel cortex function - Brain Research Institute
... context leads to the learning of the respective behavior – possibly laid down as memory traces in cortical circuits (Fuster, 2009). The view that associative and mnemonic aspects are at the core of neocortical function may solve the puzzle why cortical microcircuitry is similar across areas and spec ...
... context leads to the learning of the respective behavior – possibly laid down as memory traces in cortical circuits (Fuster, 2009). The view that associative and mnemonic aspects are at the core of neocortical function may solve the puzzle why cortical microcircuitry is similar across areas and spec ...
Modulation of Inhibition of Return by the Dopamine D2 Receptor
... locations (75% of trials). Separate sets of blocks with different cue-to-target SOAs were used to assess involuntary attention and IOR. In half of the blocks, a 40 ms SOA was used, consistent with the SOA required for allocation of involuntary attention (Posner and Cohen 1984). In the other half of ...
... locations (75% of trials). Separate sets of blocks with different cue-to-target SOAs were used to assess involuntary attention and IOR. In half of the blocks, a 40 ms SOA was used, consistent with the SOA required for allocation of involuntary attention (Posner and Cohen 1984). In the other half of ...
Hippocampal mechanisms for the context-dependent retrieval of episodes 2005 Special issue
... The correct performance of the task depends on the hippocampal simulation performing selective retrieval of prior episodes at each location, as shown in Fig. 3B. Gray rectangles in Fig. 3B show the location (state) of the virtual rat in the maze at different times after training (for simplicity, onl ...
... The correct performance of the task depends on the hippocampal simulation performing selective retrieval of prior episodes at each location, as shown in Fig. 3B. Gray rectangles in Fig. 3B show the location (state) of the virtual rat in the maze at different times after training (for simplicity, onl ...
Hemispheric asymmetries of cortical volume in the human brain
... cingulate and paracingulate cortex (Fornito et al., 2004; Huster et al., 2007). Furthermore, there is a growing appreciation of sex-linked differences in regional brain morphology ...
... cingulate and paracingulate cortex (Fornito et al., 2004; Huster et al., 2007). Furthermore, there is a growing appreciation of sex-linked differences in regional brain morphology ...
Levels of kinesin light chain and dynein intermediate
... Accumulations of organelles and of various proteins in axons and in cell body of neurons are observed in a number of neurodegenerative diseases [11]. A disruption of axoplasmic transport, an essential mechanism for maintenance of neuronal function is thought to underly the formation of these lesions ...
... Accumulations of organelles and of various proteins in axons and in cell body of neurons are observed in a number of neurodegenerative diseases [11]. A disruption of axoplasmic transport, an essential mechanism for maintenance of neuronal function is thought to underly the formation of these lesions ...
Executive functions
Executive functions (also known as cognitive control and supervisory attentional system) is an umbrella term for the management (regulation, control) of cognitive processes, including working memory, reasoning, task flexibility, and problem solving as well as planning and execution.The executive system is a theorized cognitive system in psychology that controls and manages other cognitive processes, such as executive functions. The prefrontal areas of the frontal lobe are necessary but not solely sufficient for carrying out these functions.