Large-Scale Functional Connectivity in Associative Learning
... unique extraauditory anatomic relation of these regions. Ascending and descending influences from the IC, particularly the extralemniscal component, were stronger for group TL 0 . Altered converging effects on auditory cortex (AC) from the two parallel paths were noted from the ventral division of m ...
... unique extraauditory anatomic relation of these regions. Ascending and descending influences from the IC, particularly the extralemniscal component, were stronger for group TL 0 . Altered converging effects on auditory cortex (AC) from the two parallel paths were noted from the ventral division of m ...
Effect of Spatial Attention on the Responses of Area MT Neurons
... Although it is commonly assumed that bottom-up mechanisms act at very early processing stages, the site of action of topdown attentional mechanisms is strongly debated. According to ‘‘early selection’’ models, top-down attention influences relatively early stages of the visual system, allowing for m ...
... Although it is commonly assumed that bottom-up mechanisms act at very early processing stages, the site of action of topdown attentional mechanisms is strongly debated. According to ‘‘early selection’’ models, top-down attention influences relatively early stages of the visual system, allowing for m ...
Organization of Visual Areas in Macaque and
... Figure 2. Ten partitioning schemes for macaque visual cortex registered to the atlas and displayed on flat map views. See abbreviation list for full names of areas. Data were registered to the atlas using a surface-based registration method in which geographic (gyral and sulcal) landmarks were used ...
... Figure 2. Ten partitioning schemes for macaque visual cortex registered to the atlas and displayed on flat map views. See abbreviation list for full names of areas. Data were registered to the atlas using a surface-based registration method in which geographic (gyral and sulcal) landmarks were used ...
Connections Between the Retrosplenial Cortex and the
... with temporal (caudoventral) areas of the hippocampal formation. Together, the elaborate connections between the retrosplenial cortex and the hippocampal formation suggest that this projection provides an important pathway by which the hippocampus affects learning, memory, and emotional behavior. Ke ...
... with temporal (caudoventral) areas of the hippocampal formation. Together, the elaborate connections between the retrosplenial cortex and the hippocampal formation suggest that this projection provides an important pathway by which the hippocampus affects learning, memory, and emotional behavior. Ke ...
Multiple routes to memory: Distinct medial
... intact controls (32, 35). In contrast, recognition performance after hippocampal insult can be comparable to that of control subjects when the utility of contextual recollection is minimized for the controls (32). Such intact performance may depend on item memory, or stimulus familiarity, which can ...
... intact controls (32, 35). In contrast, recognition performance after hippocampal insult can be comparable to that of control subjects when the utility of contextual recollection is minimized for the controls (32). Such intact performance may depend on item memory, or stimulus familiarity, which can ...
Cortical Connectivity Suggests a Role in Limb
... postcentral convexity as well as the medial bank of the intraparietal sulcus. Modern neuroanatomical methods have allowed the identification of various areas within this region. In the present study, we investigated the corticocortical afferent projections of one of these subdivisions, area PE. Our ...
... postcentral convexity as well as the medial bank of the intraparietal sulcus. Modern neuroanatomical methods have allowed the identification of various areas within this region. In the present study, we investigated the corticocortical afferent projections of one of these subdivisions, area PE. Our ...
Relationship of Prefrontal Connections to Inhibitory Systems in Superior Temporal
... irrelevant information (for reviews see Fuster, 1989; Roberts and Wallis, 2000; Miller and Cohen, 2001). While once it was thought that inhibitory control was uniquely dependent on orbitofrontal and ventrolateral prefrontal cortices, there is now evidence in both human and non-human primates that al ...
... irrelevant information (for reviews see Fuster, 1989; Roberts and Wallis, 2000; Miller and Cohen, 2001). While once it was thought that inhibitory control was uniquely dependent on orbitofrontal and ventrolateral prefrontal cortices, there is now evidence in both human and non-human primates that al ...
Chemosensory Convergence on Primary Olfactory Cortex
... role in odor processing. However, the neural basis for the influence of taste (gustation) on odor (olfaction) remains essentially unknown. Here we tested the hypothesis that gustatory influence on olfactory processing occurs at the level of primary olfactory cortex. We recorded activity from single ...
... role in odor processing. However, the neural basis for the influence of taste (gustation) on odor (olfaction) remains essentially unknown. Here we tested the hypothesis that gustatory influence on olfactory processing occurs at the level of primary olfactory cortex. We recorded activity from single ...
the amygdala and reward
... That is, like normal monkeys, they show stable preferences among a set of food items. Similarly, they can acquire object preferences for items that have been associated with particular foods18. These findings, considered together, provide clear evidence that the amygdala is not important for all rew ...
... That is, like normal monkeys, they show stable preferences among a set of food items. Similarly, they can acquire object preferences for items that have been associated with particular foods18. These findings, considered together, provide clear evidence that the amygdala is not important for all rew ...
THE AMYGDALA AND REWARD
... That is, like normal monkeys, they show stable preferences among a set of food items. Similarly, they can acquire object preferences for items that have been associated with particular foods18. These findings, considered together, provide clear evidence that the amygdala is not important for all rew ...
... That is, like normal monkeys, they show stable preferences among a set of food items. Similarly, they can acquire object preferences for items that have been associated with particular foods18. These findings, considered together, provide clear evidence that the amygdala is not important for all rew ...
Cerebellar control of visceral responses–possible mechanisms
... show a pattern of continuous discharge, which is sculptured by inhibitory influences from the likewise continuously firing Purkinje cells, in turn modulated by the nature of incoming information, which also initiates the fastigial discharge. By increasing or decreasing the rate of Purkinje cell disc ...
... show a pattern of continuous discharge, which is sculptured by inhibitory influences from the likewise continuously firing Purkinje cells, in turn modulated by the nature of incoming information, which also initiates the fastigial discharge. By increasing or decreasing the rate of Purkinje cell disc ...
Long, intrinsic horizontal axons radiating through and beyond rat
... over 3.5 mm to cross cytoarchitectonic borders into other ‘‘unimodal’’ sensory cortical areas. To determine whether long horizontal axons have the spatial distribution necessary to underlie this activity spread, we injected adenoassociated viral vectors into barrel cortex and characterized labeled a ...
... over 3.5 mm to cross cytoarchitectonic borders into other ‘‘unimodal’’ sensory cortical areas. To determine whether long horizontal axons have the spatial distribution necessary to underlie this activity spread, we injected adenoassociated viral vectors into barrel cortex and characterized labeled a ...
How do you feel -- now? The anterior insula and
... bilaterally (with no ACC activation). They suggested that the AIC/IFG focus must be “of central importance” in time perception. Attention. Activation of the AIC (and the ACC) is reported by most studies of goal-directed attention, but these studies often lack comments regarding the role of this acti ...
... bilaterally (with no ACC activation). They suggested that the AIC/IFG focus must be “of central importance” in time perception. Attention. Activation of the AIC (and the ACC) is reported by most studies of goal-directed attention, but these studies often lack comments regarding the role of this acti ...
Point-Light Biological Motion Perception Activates Human Premotor
... interleaved acquisition; in-plane resolution of 3.75 ⫻ 3.75 mm; and through-plane resolution of 3.8 mm with 0 mm gap]. Experimental stimuli began after three TRs to allow the magnetization to reach steady state. Given that this study was performed on a high-field-strength magnet, magnetic susceptibi ...
... interleaved acquisition; in-plane resolution of 3.75 ⫻ 3.75 mm; and through-plane resolution of 3.8 mm with 0 mm gap]. Experimental stimuli began after three TRs to allow the magnetization to reach steady state. Given that this study was performed on a high-field-strength magnet, magnetic susceptibi ...
Neuronal Correlates of Sensorimotor Association in Stimulus
... direction in separate blocks of trials. Changes in neuronal activity, time locked to either target displacement or forearm movement, were found in the primary motor (MI) and PM cortices during the foreperiod and movement execution. Although Alexander and Crutcher mentioned that a significant proport ...
... direction in separate blocks of trials. Changes in neuronal activity, time locked to either target displacement or forearm movement, were found in the primary motor (MI) and PM cortices during the foreperiod and movement execution. Although Alexander and Crutcher mentioned that a significant proport ...
Response Differences in Monkey TE and Perirhinal Cortex: Stimulus
... Liu, Zheng and Barry J. Richmond. Response differences in monkey TE and perirhinal cortex: stimulus association related to reward schedules. J. Neurophysiol. 83: 1677–1692, 2000. Anatomic and behavioral evidence shows that TE and perirhinal cortices are two directly connected but distinct inferior t ...
... Liu, Zheng and Barry J. Richmond. Response differences in monkey TE and perirhinal cortex: stimulus association related to reward schedules. J. Neurophysiol. 83: 1677–1692, 2000. Anatomic and behavioral evidence shows that TE and perirhinal cortices are two directly connected but distinct inferior t ...
download file
... swimming in the difficult waters of today’s research seas. I sincerely hope that I can ...
... swimming in the difficult waters of today’s research seas. I sincerely hope that I can ...
JERZY KONORSKI`S THEORY OF CONDITIONED
... conditioned r e s p e s are the result of the mutual interaction betmeen two arcs of excibatolry conditioned reflexes. In the case of alimentary reflexes, one reflex arc is formed as an result of association of a definite conditioned stimulus with food, as an uncmditioned stimulus. The other reflex ...
... conditioned r e s p e s are the result of the mutual interaction betmeen two arcs of excibatolry conditioned reflexes. In the case of alimentary reflexes, one reflex arc is formed as an result of association of a definite conditioned stimulus with food, as an uncmditioned stimulus. The other reflex ...
Comparing the Functional Representations of Central and Border
... above prestimulus activity collected during the 1 sec immediately preceding stimulus onset (listed in order of increasing signal strength): 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 ⫻ 10 ⫺4 increments. These levels were chosen based on previous characterization of the range of ratio values typically found in data sessions ...
... above prestimulus activity collected during the 1 sec immediately preceding stimulus onset (listed in order of increasing signal strength): 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 ⫻ 10 ⫺4 increments. These levels were chosen based on previous characterization of the range of ratio values typically found in data sessions ...
Repetition suppression - Philosophical Transactions of the Royal
... allows for relatively high spatial resolution measurements of human brain activity. It can therefore be used to localize neural activity to particular brain regions and map specialized psychological functions, such as face-, body- and place-related processing [9–11]. More recently, model-based fMRI ...
... allows for relatively high spatial resolution measurements of human brain activity. It can therefore be used to localize neural activity to particular brain regions and map specialized psychological functions, such as face-, body- and place-related processing [9–11]. More recently, model-based fMRI ...
A Review of Cell Assemblies by Huyck and
... of experiments showing sets of neurons with elevated spike rates during specific cognitive events. While a range of neurons may respond to a particular stimulus, it is not entirely clear if all responding neurons contribute to the perception. There is evidence (Purushothaman and Bradley, 2005) that ...
... of experiments showing sets of neurons with elevated spike rates during specific cognitive events. While a range of neurons may respond to a particular stimulus, it is not entirely clear if all responding neurons contribute to the perception. There is evidence (Purushothaman and Bradley, 2005) that ...
Goals of Explaining Brain Functions Underlying Anxiety Disorders
... First, we will explain how the amygdala creates and maintains anxiety responses… and how these responses can be changed. ...
... First, we will explain how the amygdala creates and maintains anxiety responses… and how these responses can be changed. ...
Respiratory-related neurons of the fastigial nucleus in response to
... of the cerebellum significantly attenuated the ventilatory responses to hypercapnia or hypoxia in cats and dogs, primarily by reduction of respiratory frequency (14, 22, 23). In vagotomized cats, cerebellectomy inhibited the diaphragmatic response to inspiratory tracheal occlusion, and this inhibiti ...
... of the cerebellum significantly attenuated the ventilatory responses to hypercapnia or hypoxia in cats and dogs, primarily by reduction of respiratory frequency (14, 22, 23). In vagotomized cats, cerebellectomy inhibited the diaphragmatic response to inspiratory tracheal occlusion, and this inhibiti ...
Neuroimaging and neuropsychological findings in
... Obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) is one of the most prevalent psychiatric disorders affecting children and adolescents. In the last decade, our knowledge base of pediatric OCD has increased greatly. In examining pediatric OCD, neuropsychological performance may serve as a bridge between brain fun ...
... Obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) is one of the most prevalent psychiatric disorders affecting children and adolescents. In the last decade, our knowledge base of pediatric OCD has increased greatly. In examining pediatric OCD, neuropsychological performance may serve as a bridge between brain fun ...
Cortical control of saccades and fixation in man
... FEF; b, SEF; c, peripheral striate and extra-striate cortex; d, area 40; e, area 7, PPC; f, area 22; g, cerebellum; h, mediodorsal thalamus and midbrain; i, insula/area 47; j , foveal striate and extra-striate cortex; k, hippocampus; m, anterior frontal lobe areas 9, 10, 45 and 46; n, areas 24 and 3 ...
... FEF; b, SEF; c, peripheral striate and extra-striate cortex; d, area 40; e, area 7, PPC; f, area 22; g, cerebellum; h, mediodorsal thalamus and midbrain; i, insula/area 47; j , foveal striate and extra-striate cortex; k, hippocampus; m, anterior frontal lobe areas 9, 10, 45 and 46; n, areas 24 and 3 ...
Executive functions
Executive functions (also known as cognitive control and supervisory attentional system) is an umbrella term for the management (regulation, control) of cognitive processes, including working memory, reasoning, task flexibility, and problem solving as well as planning and execution.The executive system is a theorized cognitive system in psychology that controls and manages other cognitive processes, such as executive functions. The prefrontal areas of the frontal lobe are necessary but not solely sufficient for carrying out these functions.