Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex GABA Concentration in Humans
... utility for future clinical studies and further studies of GABA’s role in WM in humans. Here, we used a novel behavioral approach to test the hypothesis that individuals’ GABA levels within the DLPFC predict their WM performance. WM is a multifaceted construct composed of multiple component processe ...
... utility for future clinical studies and further studies of GABA’s role in WM in humans. Here, we used a novel behavioral approach to test the hypothesis that individuals’ GABA levels within the DLPFC predict their WM performance. WM is a multifaceted construct composed of multiple component processe ...
Normalization as a canonical neural computation
... computational modules that apply the same fundamental operations in a variety of contexts. A canonical neural computation can rely on diverse circuits and mechanisms, and different brain regions or different species may implement it with different available components. Two established examples of ca ...
... computational modules that apply the same fundamental operations in a variety of contexts. A canonical neural computation can rely on diverse circuits and mechanisms, and different brain regions or different species may implement it with different available components. Two established examples of ca ...
The language of action: verbs, simulation and motor chains
... comply with four classes of constraints: (a) constraints deriving from the available knowledge on the anatomy and physiology of the brain structures underlying the behaviours of interest (e.g., based on Rizzolatti, Luppino, & Matelli, 1998, Culham & Kanwisher, 2001, Simon, Mangin, Cohen, Le Bihan, & ...
... comply with four classes of constraints: (a) constraints deriving from the available knowledge on the anatomy and physiology of the brain structures underlying the behaviours of interest (e.g., based on Rizzolatti, Luppino, & Matelli, 1998, Culham & Kanwisher, 2001, Simon, Mangin, Cohen, Le Bihan, & ...
Dynamics of Propofol-Induced Loss of Consciousness Across
... field potentials (LFPs) and EEG signals are often decoupled due to a variety of electrophysiological and anatomical variables (Musall et al., 2014). A widely used EEG monitor failed to reduce the incidence of intraoperative awareness (Avidan et al., 2011), highlighting the potential lack of sensitiv ...
... field potentials (LFPs) and EEG signals are often decoupled due to a variety of electrophysiological and anatomical variables (Musall et al., 2014). A widely used EEG monitor failed to reduce the incidence of intraoperative awareness (Avidan et al., 2011), highlighting the potential lack of sensitiv ...
Reward-Related Neuronal Activity During Go - Research
... reward processing is suggested by strong inputs from basal amygdala (Porrino et al. 1981; Potter and Nauta 1979) and, transsynaptically, from ventral striatum (Haber et al. 1995) with its reward-related neurons (Nishijio et al. 1988; Schultz et al. 1992). Heavy inputs arise also from medial temporal ...
... reward processing is suggested by strong inputs from basal amygdala (Porrino et al. 1981; Potter and Nauta 1979) and, transsynaptically, from ventral striatum (Haber et al. 1995) with its reward-related neurons (Nishijio et al. 1988; Schultz et al. 1992). Heavy inputs arise also from medial temporal ...
In VivoCalcium Imaging Reveals Functional Rewiring of Single
... Functional mapping and microstimulation studies suggest that recovery after stroke damage can be attributed to surviving brain regions taking on the functional roles of lost tissues. Although this model is well supported by data, it is not clear how activity in single neurons is altered in relation ...
... Functional mapping and microstimulation studies suggest that recovery after stroke damage can be attributed to surviving brain regions taking on the functional roles of lost tissues. Although this model is well supported by data, it is not clear how activity in single neurons is altered in relation ...
PDF - Oxford Academic - Oxford University Press
... this inhibition are still largely unknown. Notably, whether such an inhibition of nociception occurs at the cortical level has not been investigated at all. Many previous studies have considered the dorsal horn of the spinal cord as an important site for this phenomenon where large myelinated fiber i ...
... this inhibition are still largely unknown. Notably, whether such an inhibition of nociception occurs at the cortical level has not been investigated at all. Many previous studies have considered the dorsal horn of the spinal cord as an important site for this phenomenon where large myelinated fiber i ...
The Neuroscientist
... participants were trained to increase the activation of the rostral anterior cingulate cortex (rACC), followed by a 60-s decrease block during which participants were trained to decrease activation in the target region of interest. A noxious thermal stimulus was applied for 30 s during each increase ...
... participants were trained to increase the activation of the rostral anterior cingulate cortex (rACC), followed by a 60-s decrease block during which participants were trained to decrease activation in the target region of interest. A noxious thermal stimulus was applied for 30 s during each increase ...
Models and Measurements of Functional Maps in V1
... Although these studies characterized how various parameters were mapped across the cortex, it was not clear whether the group of maps was sufficient to predict cortical responses to complex images. The first serious test of whether these maps can predict responses to complex stimuli came in Area 17 ...
... Although these studies characterized how various parameters were mapped across the cortex, it was not clear whether the group of maps was sufficient to predict cortical responses to complex images. The first serious test of whether these maps can predict responses to complex stimuli came in Area 17 ...
Vagal Input to Lateral Area 3a in Cat Cortex
... Very recently, it was reported that the most lateral part of S1 in rats receives input from vagal afferents (Ito 2002). This provided the first anatomically identified demonstration of this putative visceral region in experimental animals. The results suggested that this region is continuous with th ...
... Very recently, it was reported that the most lateral part of S1 in rats receives input from vagal afferents (Ito 2002). This provided the first anatomically identified demonstration of this putative visceral region in experimental animals. The results suggested that this region is continuous with th ...
Neural coding of basic reward terms of animal
... attempt to summarise our knowledge of the basic comwww.sciencedirect.com ...
... attempt to summarise our knowledge of the basic comwww.sciencedirect.com ...
Structure of Receptive Fields in Area 3b of Primary Somatosensory
... determines the neuronal response to complex spatial patterns scanned across the skin. Several lines of evidence suggest that the neural signals that underlie the perception of tactile form and texture on the glabrous skin of the primate fingerpad are conveyed initially by the population of slowly ad ...
... determines the neuronal response to complex spatial patterns scanned across the skin. Several lines of evidence suggest that the neural signals that underlie the perception of tactile form and texture on the glabrous skin of the primate fingerpad are conveyed initially by the population of slowly ad ...
Zhang Yufeng - USD Biology
... Serotonin for delayed reward • 5-HT controls the time scale of reward prediction, with increased 5-HT activity promoting the consideration of further delayed rewards in action choice • in vivo microdialysis, compare 5-HT levels in the DRN were working for immediate or delayed rewards • Food water n ...
... Serotonin for delayed reward • 5-HT controls the time scale of reward prediction, with increased 5-HT activity promoting the consideration of further delayed rewards in action choice • in vivo microdialysis, compare 5-HT levels in the DRN were working for immediate or delayed rewards • Food water n ...
Canceling Planned Action: An fMRI Study of
... comes from behavioral (Logan et al., 1984; Osman et al., 1986; Hanes and Schall, 1995; Hanes and Carpenter, 1999; Cabel et al., 2000; Asrress and Carpenter, 2001; Colonius et al., 2001; Ozyurt et al., 2003) and electrophysiological (De Jong et al., 1990, 1995; Osman et al., 1992) studies of humans p ...
... comes from behavioral (Logan et al., 1984; Osman et al., 1986; Hanes and Schall, 1995; Hanes and Carpenter, 1999; Cabel et al., 2000; Asrress and Carpenter, 2001; Colonius et al., 2001; Ozyurt et al., 2003) and electrophysiological (De Jong et al., 1990, 1995; Osman et al., 1992) studies of humans p ...
The Integrated Nature of Motor Cortical Function
... activity is inherent to this task. Most neurons were active during many or all of the movements performed. A cluster analysis of motor cortex neural discharges revealed fewer clusters (functional grouping of neurons with similar movement-related properties) than there were movements. They concluded ...
... activity is inherent to this task. Most neurons were active during many or all of the movements performed. A cluster analysis of motor cortex neural discharges revealed fewer clusters (functional grouping of neurons with similar movement-related properties) than there were movements. They concluded ...
CCNBook/Neuron
... with either end of this continuum are dissatisfied with the level of the models. Biologists will worry that our neurons and networks are overly simplified. Cognitive psychologists will be concerned that our models are too biologically detailed, and they can make much simpler models that capture the ...
... with either end of this continuum are dissatisfied with the level of the models. Biologists will worry that our neurons and networks are overly simplified. Cognitive psychologists will be concerned that our models are too biologically detailed, and they can make much simpler models that capture the ...
Neural Correlates of Perceived Brightness in the Retina, Lateral
... system: striate cortex, LGN, and optic tract. For the cortical recordings, a 2 3 2 mm craniotomy was made above the central visual field representation of striate cortex, and a small portion of the dura was resected. A glass-insulated tungsten electrode was then lowered to the cortical surface, and ...
... system: striate cortex, LGN, and optic tract. For the cortical recordings, a 2 3 2 mm craniotomy was made above the central visual field representation of striate cortex, and a small portion of the dura was resected. A glass-insulated tungsten electrode was then lowered to the cortical surface, and ...
Sustained conditioned responses in prelimbic prefrontal neurons are
... 75 dB, 30 s) immediately followed by fear conditioning consisting of five tone presentations that coterminated with mild footshocks (0.4 mA, 0.5 s). At the end of the conditioning phase, rats were transported to their homecages, and 2 h later they were brought back to the same operant chamber to rec ...
... 75 dB, 30 s) immediately followed by fear conditioning consisting of five tone presentations that coterminated with mild footshocks (0.4 mA, 0.5 s). At the end of the conditioning phase, rats were transported to their homecages, and 2 h later they were brought back to the same operant chamber to rec ...
Motor areas of the frontal lobe by Jarrod Blinch
... this information to infer how the brain is organised. This is high-level research into human movement; low-level research, for example, would be a neurophysiologist who studies the cellular behaviour of the nervous system. Topics investigated in my field include human information processing, attenti ...
... this information to infer how the brain is organised. This is high-level research into human movement; low-level research, for example, would be a neurophysiologist who studies the cellular behaviour of the nervous system. Topics investigated in my field include human information processing, attenti ...
Visual and Oculomotor Functions of Monkey Subthalamic Nucleus
... task)]. In the delayed saccade task, this spot was also turned on briefly as mine hydrochloride. Eye movementswere recordedwith the use the cue of a future target while the monkey was fixating. The depression at of the magneticsearch-coiltechnique ( Robinson 1963) . The behavioraltasksaswell asstora ...
... task)]. In the delayed saccade task, this spot was also turned on briefly as mine hydrochloride. Eye movementswere recordedwith the use the cue of a future target while the monkey was fixating. The depression at of the magneticsearch-coiltechnique ( Robinson 1963) . The behavioraltasksaswell asstora ...
Prefrontal Activation Deficits During Episodic Memory in
... designed to improve prefrontal cortex function may therefore hold special promise for remediating memory deficits in patients with schizophrenia. Individuals with schizophrenia have pronounced episodic memory impairments (1) that are not explained by demographic variables such as education or sex (2 ...
... designed to improve prefrontal cortex function may therefore hold special promise for remediating memory deficits in patients with schizophrenia. Individuals with schizophrenia have pronounced episodic memory impairments (1) that are not explained by demographic variables such as education or sex (2 ...
Forward Processing of Long-Term Associative Memory in Monkey
... separable into Type1 (68%) and Type2 (32%) on the basis of their initial transient responses after cue stimulus presentation. Type1 neurons, but not Type2 neurons, began to encode association between paired stimuli as soon as they exhibited stimulus selectivity. Thus, the representation of long-term ...
... separable into Type1 (68%) and Type2 (32%) on the basis of their initial transient responses after cue stimulus presentation. Type1 neurons, but not Type2 neurons, began to encode association between paired stimuli as soon as they exhibited stimulus selectivity. Thus, the representation of long-term ...
Been There, Seen That: A Neural Mechanism for Performing
... Mirpour K, Arcizet F, Ong WS, Bisley JW. Been there, seen that: a neural mechanism for performing efficient visual search. J Neurophysiol 102: 3481–3491, 2009. First published October 7, 2009; doi:10.1152/jn.00688.2009. In everyday life, we efficiently find objects in the world by moving our gaze fr ...
... Mirpour K, Arcizet F, Ong WS, Bisley JW. Been there, seen that: a neural mechanism for performing efficient visual search. J Neurophysiol 102: 3481–3491, 2009. First published October 7, 2009; doi:10.1152/jn.00688.2009. In everyday life, we efficiently find objects in the world by moving our gaze fr ...
Efficient coding and the neural representation of value
... For an organism facing an uncertain and dynamic world, however, optimal behavior requires more than just using value to guide decision making: values must be learned through interaction with the environment, and these values must be stored and updated over time for subsequent use. Consistent with th ...
... For an organism facing an uncertain and dynamic world, however, optimal behavior requires more than just using value to guide decision making: values must be learned through interaction with the environment, and these values must be stored and updated over time for subsequent use. Consistent with th ...
view pdf - Columbia University
... Fig. 2 Lateral view of cleaned endocast. Arrows show locations of fracture zones, the middle one being that of a conical point. Gyri and sulci are approximate only. P.T., pars triangularis; C, coronal suture; S.F., sylviaii fissure, C.S., central sulcus; S.Q.. squamous suture; S.T., superior tempora ...
... Fig. 2 Lateral view of cleaned endocast. Arrows show locations of fracture zones, the middle one being that of a conical point. Gyri and sulci are approximate only. P.T., pars triangularis; C, coronal suture; S.F., sylviaii fissure, C.S., central sulcus; S.Q.. squamous suture; S.T., superior tempora ...
Executive functions
Executive functions (also known as cognitive control and supervisory attentional system) is an umbrella term for the management (regulation, control) of cognitive processes, including working memory, reasoning, task flexibility, and problem solving as well as planning and execution.The executive system is a theorized cognitive system in psychology that controls and manages other cognitive processes, such as executive functions. The prefrontal areas of the frontal lobe are necessary but not solely sufficient for carrying out these functions.