Specialized prefrontal "auditory fields": organization of primate
... (Figure 2). While classical and modern anatomic studies have found strong auditory-related connections in the frontal pole (Pandya and Kuypers, 1969; Chavis and Pandya, 1976; Petrides and Pandya, 1988; Barbas et al., 1999, 2005; Hackett et al., 1999; Romanski et al., 1999a,b; Medalla et al., 2007), ...
... (Figure 2). While classical and modern anatomic studies have found strong auditory-related connections in the frontal pole (Pandya and Kuypers, 1969; Chavis and Pandya, 1976; Petrides and Pandya, 1988; Barbas et al., 1999, 2005; Hackett et al., 1999; Romanski et al., 1999a,b; Medalla et al., 2007), ...
Imitation: is cognitive neuroscience solving the correspondence
... As outlined above, generalist theories assume that imitation is based on general purpose learning and motor control mechanisms. They also assume that imitation is achieved by activation of motor representations through observation of action. One would not expect the operation of such a mechanism to ...
... As outlined above, generalist theories assume that imitation is based on general purpose learning and motor control mechanisms. They also assume that imitation is achieved by activation of motor representations through observation of action. One would not expect the operation of such a mechanism to ...
Cortical Algorithms for Perceptual Grouping
... elements depends on the context of the scene provided by other elements located at nearby or remote locations. Figure 2B illustrates the role of context through the Gestalt law of connectedness. On the left hand side, the two red dots are positioned on the same object, but on the right hand side, th ...
... elements depends on the context of the scene provided by other elements located at nearby or remote locations. Figure 2B illustrates the role of context through the Gestalt law of connectedness. On the left hand side, the two red dots are positioned on the same object, but on the right hand side, th ...
The primate basal ganglia: parallel and integrative networks
... cells of dorsal and ventral tiers. Scale = 100 m. The cells and processes of the dorsal tier indicated by the box are shown magnified in C) revealing the horizontal arrangement of their dendritic processes. Scale = 50 m. VT, ventral tier; DT, dorsal tier. ...
... cells of dorsal and ventral tiers. Scale = 100 m. The cells and processes of the dorsal tier indicated by the box are shown magnified in C) revealing the horizontal arrangement of their dendritic processes. Scale = 50 m. VT, ventral tier; DT, dorsal tier. ...
Glossary - Baars and Gage
... the CS is repeatedly presented just before the US, an animal begins to produce a behavioral response to the CS. Pavlov’s proposal that conditional reflexes are the basic unit of all human learning is no longer generally believed. However, classical conditioning is widely used in research and is thou ...
... the CS is repeatedly presented just before the US, an animal begins to produce a behavioral response to the CS. Pavlov’s proposal that conditional reflexes are the basic unit of all human learning is no longer generally believed. However, classical conditioning is widely used in research and is thou ...
Visual areas and spatial summation in human visual cortex
... shows the corresponding flat maps from this subject and a flat map from a third subject. The signals within the central representation of V3A/ B differ from those in the two other central representations. Specifically, the central representation in V1/2/3 and the central representation in V7 include ...
... shows the corresponding flat maps from this subject and a flat map from a third subject. The signals within the central representation of V3A/ B differ from those in the two other central representations. Specifically, the central representation in V1/2/3 and the central representation in V7 include ...
Language repetition and short-term memory: an integrative
... at an abnormally accelerated rate, with only some residual semantic activation left at the moment of production, explaining the strong influence of lexical and semantic variables on repetition performance (Martin and Saffran, 1992; Martin et al., 1994a). If abnormally increased decay of phonological ...
... at an abnormally accelerated rate, with only some residual semantic activation left at the moment of production, explaining the strong influence of lexical and semantic variables on repetition performance (Martin and Saffran, 1992; Martin et al., 1994a). If abnormally increased decay of phonological ...
pain and emotion interactions in subregions of the cingulate gyrus
... in the context of the four-region model showed prominent brain activation during both sad and happy emotions. The sACC is activated during sad events; whereas when individuals experience happy emotions, the pregenual ACC (pACC)17, which is located in a rostral position in the ACC, is activated. In t ...
... in the context of the four-region model showed prominent brain activation during both sad and happy emotions. The sACC is activated during sad events; whereas when individuals experience happy emotions, the pregenual ACC (pACC)17, which is located in a rostral position in the ACC, is activated. In t ...
Symmetrical hemispheric priming in spatial neglect: A
... space since the two hemispheres normally exert an inhibitory influence on each other via callosal connections. Indeed, functional brain imaging and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) studies with neglect patients have supported the putative hemispheric competition mechanism by showing that tran ...
... space since the two hemispheres normally exert an inhibitory influence on each other via callosal connections. Indeed, functional brain imaging and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) studies with neglect patients have supported the putative hemispheric competition mechanism by showing that tran ...
Mirror Neurons in a New World Monkey, Common Marmoset
... The retrograde tracer was injected into an area in STS that contained the cells strongly responsive to the video clip of others’ action, as determined from the electrophysiological recording under anesthesia (see above). For all the animals, the injection site was close to the posterior tip of STS a ...
... The retrograde tracer was injected into an area in STS that contained the cells strongly responsive to the video clip of others’ action, as determined from the electrophysiological recording under anesthesia (see above). For all the animals, the injection site was close to the posterior tip of STS a ...
THE NEUROLOGIC EXAMINATION Ralph F
... The thalamus can be understood by considering a classification based upon function, and it can be understood by appreciating different types of output to the cerebral cortex. It is customary, however, to study the thalamus from an anatomical perspective. Each hemisphere of the thalamus consists of n ...
... The thalamus can be understood by considering a classification based upon function, and it can be understood by appreciating different types of output to the cerebral cortex. It is customary, however, to study the thalamus from an anatomical perspective. Each hemisphere of the thalamus consists of n ...
A Neurodynamical cortical model of visual attention and
... which are consistent with the theory of Duncan and Humphreys (1989) (i.e., with a role for a top–down memory target template in visual search). The biased competition hypothesis proposes that multiple stimuli in the visual field activate populations of neurons that engage in competitive interactions. ...
... which are consistent with the theory of Duncan and Humphreys (1989) (i.e., with a role for a top–down memory target template in visual search). The biased competition hypothesis proposes that multiple stimuli in the visual field activate populations of neurons that engage in competitive interactions. ...
Mapping Horizontal Spread of Activity in Monkey Motor
... Qiushi Academy for Advanced Studies, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China ...
... Qiushi Academy for Advanced Studies, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China ...
Mapping the Structural Core of Human Cerebral Cortex
... circuits and long-range fiber pathways. This complex network forms the structural substrate for distributed interactions among specialized brain systems [1–3]. Computational network analysis [4] has provided insight into the organization of large-scale cortical connectivity in several species, includ ...
... circuits and long-range fiber pathways. This complex network forms the structural substrate for distributed interactions among specialized brain systems [1–3]. Computational network analysis [4] has provided insight into the organization of large-scale cortical connectivity in several species, includ ...
Mapping the Structural Core of Human Cerebral Cortex
... circuits and long-range fiber pathways. This complex network forms the structural substrate for distributed interactions among specialized brain systems [1–3]. Computational network analysis [4] has provided insight into the organization of large-scale cortical connectivity in several species, includ ...
... circuits and long-range fiber pathways. This complex network forms the structural substrate for distributed interactions among specialized brain systems [1–3]. Computational network analysis [4] has provided insight into the organization of large-scale cortical connectivity in several species, includ ...
PDF
... (Katz et al., 1989), and pyramidal neurons in layer 3 extend their dendrites independently of the patches defined by cytochrome oxidase (Hubener and Boltz, 1992; Malach, 1994). This means that some proportion of synapses will contact dendrites whose soma is internal or external to the column, but th ...
... (Katz et al., 1989), and pyramidal neurons in layer 3 extend their dendrites independently of the patches defined by cytochrome oxidase (Hubener and Boltz, 1992; Malach, 1994). This means that some proportion of synapses will contact dendrites whose soma is internal or external to the column, but th ...
Cerebral Cortex July 2009;19:1539--1548 doi:10.1093/cercor/bhn191 Advance Access publication November 2, 2008
... 1995). The time course of each condition type (i.e., PF, FF, and FU) was estimated in an assumption-free manner for each subject for each voxel (Boynton et al. 1996); these effects were modeled in the GLM by the 10 time points (i.e., image acquisitions) immediately following each stimulus onset. Hyp ...
... 1995). The time course of each condition type (i.e., PF, FF, and FU) was estimated in an assumption-free manner for each subject for each voxel (Boynton et al. 1996); these effects were modeled in the GLM by the 10 time points (i.e., image acquisitions) immediately following each stimulus onset. Hyp ...
Role of the Human Anterior Cingulate Cortex in the Control of
... one of three words in response to the specific word heard. The auditory stimuli were three verbs (take, join, find), and the responses were three pronouns (them, her, him). The stimuli were presented through a pair of headphones. The latency and accuracy of the verbal responses were measured bv mean ...
... one of three words in response to the specific word heard. The auditory stimuli were three verbs (take, join, find), and the responses were three pronouns (them, her, him). The stimuli were presented through a pair of headphones. The latency and accuracy of the verbal responses were measured bv mean ...
ATTENTIONAL MODULATION OF VISUAL PROCESSING John H
... contrasts, spatial attention increases the firing rate by a multiplicative factor that is independent of the neuron’s tuning for such properties as orientation and direction of motion. This scaling of the response enables neurons to discriminate more reliably the features of the attended stimulus. F ...
... contrasts, spatial attention increases the firing rate by a multiplicative factor that is independent of the neuron’s tuning for such properties as orientation and direction of motion. This scaling of the response enables neurons to discriminate more reliably the features of the attended stimulus. F ...
Leading tonically active neurons of the striatum from reward
... important factor for the modulation of their responses clearly highlights the limits of the reward-related information encoded by these neurons. Data from this study do not fit with our findings obtained in a Pavlovian-conditioned task in which TANs fail to encode information concerning the specific ...
... important factor for the modulation of their responses clearly highlights the limits of the reward-related information encoded by these neurons. Data from this study do not fit with our findings obtained in a Pavlovian-conditioned task in which TANs fail to encode information concerning the specific ...
The assessment of hemispheric lateralization in functional MRI
... Fernandez et al., 2003; Lohmann et al., 2004; Baciu et al., 2005), but none of them systematically compared all established approaches. Furthermore, it has been shown that some methods, although perfectly valid for some tasks, do not describe hemispheric lateralization correctly for others (Jansen e ...
... Fernandez et al., 2003; Lohmann et al., 2004; Baciu et al., 2005), but none of them systematically compared all established approaches. Furthermore, it has been shown that some methods, although perfectly valid for some tasks, do not describe hemispheric lateralization correctly for others (Jansen e ...
US Copyright Law
... Camillo Golgi of Italy used information from cellular neuroanatomy to argue for different theories of information processing in the nervous system. This work continues to the present, with a march toward new and higher-resolution techniques for probing the biological foundations of the mind. In the ...
... Camillo Golgi of Italy used information from cellular neuroanatomy to argue for different theories of information processing in the nervous system. This work continues to the present, with a march toward new and higher-resolution techniques for probing the biological foundations of the mind. In the ...
fMR-adaptation reveals separate processing regions for the
... of PB’s spared colour processing. In summary, while the psychophysical testing revealed a striking dissociation between shape and colour processing, these latter imaging results, combined with our recent fMRI results, also suggest that information about an object’s colour is extracted relatively ear ...
... of PB’s spared colour processing. In summary, while the psychophysical testing revealed a striking dissociation between shape and colour processing, these latter imaging results, combined with our recent fMRI results, also suggest that information about an object’s colour is extracted relatively ear ...
ORGANIZATION OF CORTICAL AFFERENTS TO THE FRONTAL
... in the monkey from the point of view of its electrophysiological features. As for other features, the presence of the movement-related neurons was defined (71) as active due to the occurrence of some sensory signals. ...
... in the monkey from the point of view of its electrophysiological features. As for other features, the presence of the movement-related neurons was defined (71) as active due to the occurrence of some sensory signals. ...
Section 1: Anatomy of the sensorimotor system
... 1996). However, many of these criteria are difficult to test in the human brain, and many areas that are conventionally known as motor areas do not possess all these features. Therefore discussion here will include cortical areas that are conventionally described as motor areas, and that have been p ...
... 1996). However, many of these criteria are difficult to test in the human brain, and many areas that are conventionally known as motor areas do not possess all these features. Therefore discussion here will include cortical areas that are conventionally described as motor areas, and that have been p ...
Executive functions
Executive functions (also known as cognitive control and supervisory attentional system) is an umbrella term for the management (regulation, control) of cognitive processes, including working memory, reasoning, task flexibility, and problem solving as well as planning and execution.The executive system is a theorized cognitive system in psychology that controls and manages other cognitive processes, such as executive functions. The prefrontal areas of the frontal lobe are necessary but not solely sufficient for carrying out these functions.