View PDF - Laboratory of Brain, Hearing and Behavior
... animal associates the stimulus with rewarding or aversive consequences as a result of learning or innate predisposition. The influence of behavioral relevance in modulating SC/OT responses has been demonstrated by the finding that stimulus feature tuning can develop in SC neurons when the stimulus i ...
... animal associates the stimulus with rewarding or aversive consequences as a result of learning or innate predisposition. The influence of behavioral relevance in modulating SC/OT responses has been demonstrated by the finding that stimulus feature tuning can develop in SC neurons when the stimulus i ...
Is neocortex essentially multisensory?
... perception and cognition into unimodal components. That is, the neurobiological data reviewed here suggest that focusing solely on unisensory processes will continue to provide us only with an impoverished view of both brain and behavior. The recent recognition of this fact by many scientists has le ...
... perception and cognition into unimodal components. That is, the neurobiological data reviewed here suggest that focusing solely on unisensory processes will continue to provide us only with an impoverished view of both brain and behavior. The recent recognition of this fact by many scientists has le ...
A Model of Prefrontal Cortical Mechanisms for Goal-directed Behavior Michael E. Hasselmo Abstract
... nections forms forward and reverse associations between each state, the following action, and a subsequent state, which may include reward. During retrieval, activity spreads from reward states throughout the network. The interaction of this spreading activity with a specific input state directs sel ...
... nections forms forward and reverse associations between each state, the following action, and a subsequent state, which may include reward. During retrieval, activity spreads from reward states throughout the network. The interaction of this spreading activity with a specific input state directs sel ...
Multisensory anatomical pathways - Centre de Recherche Cerveau
... 2008 for recent reviews) and highlight that the mechanisms for multisensory interplay are believed to include several levels of brain processing, from the thalamus to the primary sensory areas and higher stages of sensory processing. Such an increase in the diversity of the pathways by which multise ...
... 2008 for recent reviews) and highlight that the mechanisms for multisensory interplay are believed to include several levels of brain processing, from the thalamus to the primary sensory areas and higher stages of sensory processing. Such an increase in the diversity of the pathways by which multise ...
Basal ganglia contributions to motor control: a - Research
... projects to the frontal cortex including parts of the premotor and primary motor cortex. (b) Internal connectivity of the BG motor circuit (front subpanel) showing principal pathways only. Direct and indirect pathways start in projection neurons of the putamen (part of the striatum) that express D1- ...
... projects to the frontal cortex including parts of the premotor and primary motor cortex. (b) Internal connectivity of the BG motor circuit (front subpanel) showing principal pathways only. Direct and indirect pathways start in projection neurons of the putamen (part of the striatum) that express D1- ...
Auditory Cortical Neurons are Sensitive to Static and Continuously
... sensitivity when data obtained near threshold and at nonmonotonic levels were excluded from the analysis. In a few cells where the effects of intensity change were studied at a number of excitatory frequencies the results were the same. 6. The IPD functions were converted to interaural-time-differen ...
... sensitivity when data obtained near threshold and at nonmonotonic levels were excluded from the analysis. In a few cells where the effects of intensity change were studied at a number of excitatory frequencies the results were the same. 6. The IPD functions were converted to interaural-time-differen ...
Neural correlates of a decision in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of
... decisions that guide behavior. Such interpretations often outlast the fleeting sensory impressions on which they are based, so that sensory input can motivate subsequent behavior. To study this process, we trained rhesus monkeys to discriminate the direction of motion in a dynamic random dot display ...
... decisions that guide behavior. Such interpretations often outlast the fleeting sensory impressions on which they are based, so that sensory input can motivate subsequent behavior. To study this process, we trained rhesus monkeys to discriminate the direction of motion in a dynamic random dot display ...
Comparison of Primate Prefrontal and Inferior Temporal
... were created by linear combinations of these vectors added to that prototype. For more information see http://www.ai.mit.edu/projects/cbcl/ morph. By morphing different amounts of the prototypes we could generate thousands of Figure 1. Organization of stimulus set. A, The 6 prototype images and 15 m ...
... were created by linear combinations of these vectors added to that prototype. For more information see http://www.ai.mit.edu/projects/cbcl/ morph. By morphing different amounts of the prototypes we could generate thousands of Figure 1. Organization of stimulus set. A, The 6 prototype images and 15 m ...
The representation of Kanizsa illusory contours in the monkey
... Stimulus reduction is an effective way to study visual performance. Cues such as surface characteristics, colour and inner lines can be removed from stimuli, revealing how the change affects recognition and neural processing. An extreme reduction is the removal of the very stimulus, defining it with ...
... Stimulus reduction is an effective way to study visual performance. Cues such as surface characteristics, colour and inner lines can be removed from stimuli, revealing how the change affects recognition and neural processing. An extreme reduction is the removal of the very stimulus, defining it with ...
The distributed human neural system for face perception
... facilitate social communication. The representation of identity must be relatively independent of the representation of the changeable aspects of a face, otherwise a change in expression or a speech-related movement of the mouth could be misinterpreted as a change of identity. An influential cogniti ...
... facilitate social communication. The representation of identity must be relatively independent of the representation of the changeable aspects of a face, otherwise a change in expression or a speech-related movement of the mouth could be misinterpreted as a change of identity. An influential cogniti ...
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... question is whether there are some new calretinin interneuron subtypes, which might substantially change micro-circuitry structure of the primate cerebral cortex. Keywords: GABA, calretinin, neocortex, pyramidal neurons, species differences ...
... question is whether there are some new calretinin interneuron subtypes, which might substantially change micro-circuitry structure of the primate cerebral cortex. Keywords: GABA, calretinin, neocortex, pyramidal neurons, species differences ...
Behavioral flexibility is increased by optogenetic inhibition of
... into subsequent responses. Inhibiting nucleus accumbens shell neurons in these time segments, during reinforced performance or after a change in contingencies, increases lose –shift behavior. We propose that the activity of nucleus shell accumbens shell neurons in these time segments plays a key rol ...
... into subsequent responses. Inhibiting nucleus accumbens shell neurons in these time segments, during reinforced performance or after a change in contingencies, increases lose –shift behavior. We propose that the activity of nucleus shell accumbens shell neurons in these time segments plays a key rol ...
BIO 210 Course Outline
... 2. Describe the events that occur at a chemical synapse. 3. Define neurotransmitter, identify several types and describe their effects. 4. Define neuromodulator, identify several types and describe their effects. F. Discuss information processing by neurons. 1. Distinguish between EPSPs and IPSPs 2. ...
... 2. Describe the events that occur at a chemical synapse. 3. Define neurotransmitter, identify several types and describe their effects. 4. Define neuromodulator, identify several types and describe their effects. F. Discuss information processing by neurons. 1. Distinguish between EPSPs and IPSPs 2. ...
17. Pathways and Integrative Functions
... disease is a progressive dementia that debilitates the functioning of the central nervous system (CNS) and usually affects people in their 60s or over. This neurodegenerative disease causes progressive decline in memory, judgment, and reasoning, as well as disruption of neurologic function within th ...
... disease is a progressive dementia that debilitates the functioning of the central nervous system (CNS) and usually affects people in their 60s or over. This neurodegenerative disease causes progressive decline in memory, judgment, and reasoning, as well as disruption of neurologic function within th ...
Surround suppression explained by long-range
... wide-field stimulation with natural scenes promotes more selective and less correlated excitatory activity14, 15 , while inhibitory activity becomes stronger and less selective15 . How does this reduction in response correlation come about, given the prevalence of strong spatial and temporal correl ...
... wide-field stimulation with natural scenes promotes more selective and less correlated excitatory activity14, 15 , while inhibitory activity becomes stronger and less selective15 . How does this reduction in response correlation come about, given the prevalence of strong spatial and temporal correl ...
Experiment 2 - fMRI Study
... comprehension involves activating multiple alternative interpretations of polysemous stimuli (MacDonald et al, 1994), but in production polysemy is sometimes unnoticed by speakers, who have a single intended meaning in mind (Ferreira et al., 2005). This suggests the possibility that generally assume ...
... comprehension involves activating multiple alternative interpretations of polysemous stimuli (MacDonald et al, 1994), but in production polysemy is sometimes unnoticed by speakers, who have a single intended meaning in mind (Ferreira et al., 2005). This suggests the possibility that generally assume ...
A model for experience-dependent changes in the responses of inferotemporal neurons
... 2.5. Role of cholinergic modulation IT cortex receives cholinergic innervation from the nucleus basalis of the substantia innominata region (also known as the magnocellular nucleus basalis of Meynert) in the basal forebrain (Mesulam et al 1983). Cholinergic antagonists have been shown to increase th ...
... 2.5. Role of cholinergic modulation IT cortex receives cholinergic innervation from the nucleus basalis of the substantia innominata region (also known as the magnocellular nucleus basalis of Meynert) in the basal forebrain (Mesulam et al 1983). Cholinergic antagonists have been shown to increase th ...
Subgraphs of functional brain networks identify dynamical
... demands placed on neural systems, empirical evidence suggests that the brain employs putative cognitive control processes that gate information and select among competing representations and processes (Botvinick et al., 2001). Functional brain networks that flexibly coordinate interactions between d ...
... demands placed on neural systems, empirical evidence suggests that the brain employs putative cognitive control processes that gate information and select among competing representations and processes (Botvinick et al., 2001). Functional brain networks that flexibly coordinate interactions between d ...
Evidence for a distributed hierarchy of action
... In this quote and later discussions he captured five essential ideas that form the foundations of research in action representation. The first is the notion of chaining. His concept of a chaining structure for movement elements is very different from an earlier theory of chaining proposed by Sherringto ...
... In this quote and later discussions he captured five essential ideas that form the foundations of research in action representation. The first is the notion of chaining. His concept of a chaining structure for movement elements is very different from an earlier theory of chaining proposed by Sherringto ...
Neural activity predicts attitude change in cognitive dissonance
... to detecting conflict between prior attitudes and counter-attitudinal behavior in cognitive dissonance11,14. To test this, we adapted the induced compliance procedure2 into an event-related fMRI design. Participants first performed a rather long (45 min) and boring task in the uncomfortable envir ...
... to detecting conflict between prior attitudes and counter-attitudinal behavior in cognitive dissonance11,14. To test this, we adapted the induced compliance procedure2 into an event-related fMRI design. Participants first performed a rather long (45 min) and boring task in the uncomfortable envir ...
neural circuitry approaches to understanding the pathophysiology
... neurotransmitter systems of interest, and in spurring the development of novel psychopharmacologic agents that influence these systems. However, in extreme cases, these models tended to view individual psychiatric disorders as the consequences solely of the postulated disturbance in the neurotransmi ...
... neurotransmitter systems of interest, and in spurring the development of novel psychopharmacologic agents that influence these systems. However, in extreme cases, these models tended to view individual psychiatric disorders as the consequences solely of the postulated disturbance in the neurotransmi ...
The rhinal cortices: a wall of inhibition between the
... than merely relay synchronous activity between neocortex and hippocampus. Rather, they support a gating mechanism whose properties remain to be identified. In spite of the demonstration of well-defined reciprocal connections between temporal neocortex and rhinal cortices, extracellular recordings an ...
... than merely relay synchronous activity between neocortex and hippocampus. Rather, they support a gating mechanism whose properties remain to be identified. In spite of the demonstration of well-defined reciprocal connections between temporal neocortex and rhinal cortices, extracellular recordings an ...
Neuronal Interaction Dynamics in Cat Primary Visual Cortex
... ranges of excitatory and inhibitory interactions within the population. A single set of model parameters was sufficient to describe the main experimental effects. Combined, our results indicate that the spatiotemporal processing of visual stimuli is characterized by a delicate, mutual interplay betw ...
... ranges of excitatory and inhibitory interactions within the population. A single set of model parameters was sufficient to describe the main experimental effects. Combined, our results indicate that the spatiotemporal processing of visual stimuli is characterized by a delicate, mutual interplay betw ...
A local circuit approach to understanding integration of
... response of a low-contrast center stimulus, but the same surround stimulus suppresses responses when the center stimulus is of high contrast. Both facilitation and suppression effects tend to be strongest for iso-orientation surrounds. (a) Typical data from a cell in cat V1 obtained by Toth et al. ( ...
... response of a low-contrast center stimulus, but the same surround stimulus suppresses responses when the center stimulus is of high contrast. Both facilitation and suppression effects tend to be strongest for iso-orientation surrounds. (a) Typical data from a cell in cat V1 obtained by Toth et al. ( ...
Executive functions
Executive functions (also known as cognitive control and supervisory attentional system) is an umbrella term for the management (regulation, control) of cognitive processes, including working memory, reasoning, task flexibility, and problem solving as well as planning and execution.The executive system is a theorized cognitive system in psychology that controls and manages other cognitive processes, such as executive functions. The prefrontal areas of the frontal lobe are necessary but not solely sufficient for carrying out these functions.