A Motion-sensitive Area in Ferret Extrastriate
... described the location and the retinotopy of various visual cortical areas in the occipital, parietal and temporal lobe of the ferret (Mustela putorius furo) (Innocenti et al., 2002; Manger et al., 2002a,b, 2004). A motion-sensitive area comparable to PMLS and MT/MST, however, initially mentioned by ...
... described the location and the retinotopy of various visual cortical areas in the occipital, parietal and temporal lobe of the ferret (Mustela putorius furo) (Innocenti et al., 2002; Manger et al., 2002a,b, 2004). A motion-sensitive area comparable to PMLS and MT/MST, however, initially mentioned by ...
The Inferior Parietal Lobule Is the Target of Output from the Superior
... intraparietal sulcus that projects to the F EF (Andersen et al., 1985). A previous anatomical study confirmed that LI P occupies a similar location in the Cebus monkey (Tian and Lynch, 1996). To guide the HSV1 injections visually into the posterior bank of the intraparietal sulcus, in some animals w ...
... intraparietal sulcus that projects to the F EF (Andersen et al., 1985). A previous anatomical study confirmed that LI P occupies a similar location in the Cebus monkey (Tian and Lynch, 1996). To guide the HSV1 injections visually into the posterior bank of the intraparietal sulcus, in some animals w ...
Brainstem: neural networks vital for life
... area does not in itself define with certainty the role of those cells, and the loss may be temporary rather than permanent (St John 2009). A further problem concerns the nature of the rhythmical activity that is recorded from isolated preparations in which it is often difficult to distinguish eupnei ...
... area does not in itself define with certainty the role of those cells, and the loss may be temporary rather than permanent (St John 2009). A further problem concerns the nature of the rhythmical activity that is recorded from isolated preparations in which it is often difficult to distinguish eupnei ...
Differential Activity-Dependent Development of Corticospinal
... about the role of these processes in development of skilled movement control. Effective posture, interjoint coordination during movement, and visual guidance of movement are expressed within moments after birth in many animals (Muir 2000). By contrast, many species, including cats, monkeys, and huma ...
... about the role of these processes in development of skilled movement control. Effective posture, interjoint coordination during movement, and visual guidance of movement are expressed within moments after birth in many animals (Muir 2000). By contrast, many species, including cats, monkeys, and huma ...
Experimental Brain Research 221(1)
... cortex near the junction of the dorsal parieto-occipital sulcus, POS) (Fattori et al. 2001, 2009a; Galletti et al. 2003) and a putative ‘parietal reach region’ (PRR) that straddles the boundary between MIP and V6A (Batista et al. 1999; Buneo et al. 2002; Chang et al. 2008; Andersen and Cui 2009). PR ...
... cortex near the junction of the dorsal parieto-occipital sulcus, POS) (Fattori et al. 2001, 2009a; Galletti et al. 2003) and a putative ‘parietal reach region’ (PRR) that straddles the boundary between MIP and V6A (Batista et al. 1999; Buneo et al. 2002; Chang et al. 2008; Andersen and Cui 2009). PR ...
Volitional enhancement of firing synchrony and oscillation
... accompanied by a correlated increase in the synchrony of the entrained neurons. This relation of LFP and neuronal firing can be explained by the fact that LFPs are produced by postsynaptic potentials, and periodicity in neuronal firing would be associated with periodicity in LFPs. They also document ...
... accompanied by a correlated increase in the synchrony of the entrained neurons. This relation of LFP and neuronal firing can be explained by the fact that LFPs are produced by postsynaptic potentials, and periodicity in neuronal firing would be associated with periodicity in LFPs. They also document ...
Stimulus-Specific Adaptation in Auditory Cortex Is an NMDA
... • MMN is a human scalp recorded event related potential (ERP) component elicited by a sound which deviates from a repeating pattern of recent sounds, and thought to be generated by a temporo-prefrontal network including auditory cortex. • This claim implies that auditory cortex units themselves play ...
... • MMN is a human scalp recorded event related potential (ERP) component elicited by a sound which deviates from a repeating pattern of recent sounds, and thought to be generated by a temporo-prefrontal network including auditory cortex. • This claim implies that auditory cortex units themselves play ...
Circuits through prefrontal cortex, basal ganglia, and ventral anterior
... the above conceptual advances. First, we investigated the relationship of input and output pathways in the VA nucleus that link it with functionally distinct lateral, medial, and orbitofrontal cortices. Second, by injecting retrograde tracers directly in the VA we investigated simultaneously project ...
... the above conceptual advances. First, we investigated the relationship of input and output pathways in the VA nucleus that link it with functionally distinct lateral, medial, and orbitofrontal cortices. Second, by injecting retrograde tracers directly in the VA we investigated simultaneously project ...
Neurobiology of Learning and Memory
... Tardif, 1992; Cho et al., 1995) suggests the existence of learning- and memory-related functions in these areas, and the three systems dealt with here undoubtedly interact with these substrates. It is also sometimes suggested that plasticity is a general property of the nervous system, and that expe ...
... Tardif, 1992; Cho et al., 1995) suggests the existence of learning- and memory-related functions in these areas, and the three systems dealt with here undoubtedly interact with these substrates. It is also sometimes suggested that plasticity is a general property of the nervous system, and that expe ...
pdf
... humans (19) and has been found to be associated with auditory attention (1, 20, 41) resulting in top-down modulation of auditory processing (25). This finding was further confirmed by electrophysiological data indicating that tinnitus might occur as the result of a dysfunction in the top-down inhibito ...
... humans (19) and has been found to be associated with auditory attention (1, 20, 41) resulting in top-down modulation of auditory processing (25). This finding was further confirmed by electrophysiological data indicating that tinnitus might occur as the result of a dysfunction in the top-down inhibito ...
Specialized Elements of Orbitofrontal Cortex in Primates
... The orbitofrontal cortex in primates is a large and heterogeneous region, and both its extent and architectonic areas have been variously described. In rhesus monkeys, the basal surface of the prefrontal cortex includes area 13, the orbital part of area 12, the rostrally situated area 11, and the ba ...
... The orbitofrontal cortex in primates is a large and heterogeneous region, and both its extent and architectonic areas have been variously described. In rhesus monkeys, the basal surface of the prefrontal cortex includes area 13, the orbital part of area 12, the rostrally situated area 11, and the ba ...
Processes Changes in Acetylcholine Extracellular Levels
... inhibition. Restoration of ACh levels to normal levels by a cholinesterase inhibitor was associated with reappearance of prepulse inhibition, a finding indicating a role of the forebrain cholinergic system in the sensory motor gating. ...
... inhibition. Restoration of ACh levels to normal levels by a cholinesterase inhibitor was associated with reappearance of prepulse inhibition, a finding indicating a role of the forebrain cholinergic system in the sensory motor gating. ...
31 Relating the Activity of Sensory Neurons to Perception
... rubric for establishing a link between a group of candidate neurons and a specific percept (Parker & Newsome, 1998). Their rubric has become an invaluable framework for interpreting and combining the results of many studies. The nature and quantity of the experimental evidence linking sensory neuron ...
... rubric for establishing a link between a group of candidate neurons and a specific percept (Parker & Newsome, 1998). Their rubric has become an invaluable framework for interpreting and combining the results of many studies. The nature and quantity of the experimental evidence linking sensory neuron ...
Orbitofrontal Cortex Encodes Willingness to Pay
... to bid $0, $1, $2, or $3 for each food item. At the end of the experiment, neural basis of the WTP computation is that, when the brain is exposed to one of those trials was randomly selected, by drawing a ball from an urn, a picture of a food item, it might calculate other variables that are correan ...
... to bid $0, $1, $2, or $3 for each food item. At the end of the experiment, neural basis of the WTP computation is that, when the brain is exposed to one of those trials was randomly selected, by drawing a ball from an urn, a picture of a food item, it might calculate other variables that are correan ...
Large brains and cognition: Where do elephants fit in?
... interact (Hart and Hart, 2007). This perspective suggests that while the elephant brain effectively mediates longterm, extensive information storage, their brains have more limited capacity for some types of cognitive tasks such as highly coordinated or fast-action tool use, simultaneous visual disc ...
... interact (Hart and Hart, 2007). This perspective suggests that while the elephant brain effectively mediates longterm, extensive information storage, their brains have more limited capacity for some types of cognitive tasks such as highly coordinated or fast-action tool use, simultaneous visual disc ...
Neural correlates of incidental and directed facial emotion
... mechanism for the development of emotion regulation and control functions (Blumberg et al., 2004; Nelson et al., 2005; Marsh et al., 2006; Bell and Deater-Deckard, 2007; YurgelunTodd, 2007) is to compare brain activation in adolescents and adults when emotion processing is unconstrained as compared ...
... mechanism for the development of emotion regulation and control functions (Blumberg et al., 2004; Nelson et al., 2005; Marsh et al., 2006; Bell and Deater-Deckard, 2007; YurgelunTodd, 2007) is to compare brain activation in adolescents and adults when emotion processing is unconstrained as compared ...
Neural Basis of Visually Guided Head Movements Studied With fMRI
... made. Movements collected during this interval can therefore be used to construct activation maps that show brain areas active during head movements. In effect, the Birn method reduces the very difficult problem of fMRI of rapid voluntary movements to the much simpler problem of fMRI of stationary s ...
... made. Movements collected during this interval can therefore be used to construct activation maps that show brain areas active during head movements. In effect, the Birn method reduces the very difficult problem of fMRI of rapid voluntary movements to the much simpler problem of fMRI of stationary s ...
the premotor cortex of the monkey
... The concept of a distinct premotor cortical field within the larger frontal agranular cortex arose from the work of Bucy (1933, 1935) and Fulton (1934). The premotor cortex can be defined as the part of the frontal agranular isocortex outside of the precentral motor (MI) and the supplementary motor ...
... The concept of a distinct premotor cortical field within the larger frontal agranular cortex arose from the work of Bucy (1933, 1935) and Fulton (1934). The premotor cortex can be defined as the part of the frontal agranular isocortex outside of the precentral motor (MI) and the supplementary motor ...
Saccade-induced activity of dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus X
... The following tests were used to classify cells as X- or Y-cells (Cleland et al., 1971; Hoffmann et al., 1972). First, orthodromic latencies to electrical pulse stimulation of the optic chiasm was measured. Second, the random-square pattern was switched on and off for 1 s each to record transient an ...
... The following tests were used to classify cells as X- or Y-cells (Cleland et al., 1971; Hoffmann et al., 1972). First, orthodromic latencies to electrical pulse stimulation of the optic chiasm was measured. Second, the random-square pattern was switched on and off for 1 s each to record transient an ...
Background Paper 3 - Yale School of Medicine
... 46 of rhesus monkeys have focused on the synapse for several reasons. First, there does not appear to be any significant neuron loss in dlPFC12, although age-related neuron loss has been reported in the frontal eye fields13. There is an age-related decrease in volume of dlPFC that is not apparent in ...
... 46 of rhesus monkeys have focused on the synapse for several reasons. First, there does not appear to be any significant neuron loss in dlPFC12, although age-related neuron loss has been reported in the frontal eye fields13. There is an age-related decrease in volume of dlPFC that is not apparent in ...
Response Suppression in V1 Agrees with Psychophysics of
... of different pedestal contrasts within the scan, distracting scanner noise, and some general discomfort while lying in the scanner may all have contributed to this small difference. Stimulus and task. The stimulus was a contrast-reversing (4 Hz), sinusoidal grating (1.1 cycles/degree), presented for ...
... of different pedestal contrasts within the scan, distracting scanner noise, and some general discomfort while lying in the scanner may all have contributed to this small difference. Stimulus and task. The stimulus was a contrast-reversing (4 Hz), sinusoidal grating (1.1 cycles/degree), presented for ...
Heterogeneous Integration of Bilateral Whisker Signals by Neurons
... et al. (2000) showed that the relative contribution of temporal interactions between neurons increases with the number of whiskers to be discriminated. Inhibitory intercolumnar interactions have also been suggested to maintain a dynamic range and prevent response saturation (Mirabella et al. 2001). ...
... et al. (2000) showed that the relative contribution of temporal interactions between neurons increases with the number of whiskers to be discriminated. Inhibitory intercolumnar interactions have also been suggested to maintain a dynamic range and prevent response saturation (Mirabella et al. 2001). ...
FROM MOTIVATION TO ACTION - The University of Texas at Dallas
... However, little progress has been made in elucidating the neural mechanisms by which the motor system is activated in such elicited behaviors. A major reason for the neglect of this important problem has been the absence of relevant anatomical evidence. A consequence of neglecting this problem is th ...
... However, little progress has been made in elucidating the neural mechanisms by which the motor system is activated in such elicited behaviors. A major reason for the neglect of this important problem has been the absence of relevant anatomical evidence. A consequence of neglecting this problem is th ...
Cytoarchitecture of the canine perirhinal and postrhinal cortex
... Location and borders of the perirhinal cortex The canine perirhinal cortex, like that in other investigated mammals (Burwell 2001, Krettek and Price 1977, Room and Witter 1985, Suzuki 1996b, Suzuki and Amaral 1994a, Witter et al.1989), is situated along the posterior rhinal sulcus on the lateral and ...
... Location and borders of the perirhinal cortex The canine perirhinal cortex, like that in other investigated mammals (Burwell 2001, Krettek and Price 1977, Room and Witter 1985, Suzuki 1996b, Suzuki and Amaral 1994a, Witter et al.1989), is situated along the posterior rhinal sulcus on the lateral and ...
letter - Hanks Lab
... decision-making, and its neural correlates have been found in several brain regions1–8. Here we develop a generalizable method to measure tuning curves that specify the relationship between neural responses and mentally accumulated evidence, and apply it to distinguish the encoding of decision varia ...
... decision-making, and its neural correlates have been found in several brain regions1–8. Here we develop a generalizable method to measure tuning curves that specify the relationship between neural responses and mentally accumulated evidence, and apply it to distinguish the encoding of decision varia ...
Executive functions
Executive functions (also known as cognitive control and supervisory attentional system) is an umbrella term for the management (regulation, control) of cognitive processes, including working memory, reasoning, task flexibility, and problem solving as well as planning and execution.The executive system is a theorized cognitive system in psychology that controls and manages other cognitive processes, such as executive functions. The prefrontal areas of the frontal lobe are necessary but not solely sufficient for carrying out these functions.