Study Objectives
... 4. Identify the two subdivisions of the autonomic nervous system. Distinguish these subdivisions based on anatomy, neurochemistry and function. 5. List the five main subdivisions of the human brain. Identify one or two structures found in each subdivision. 6. Name the four cerebral lobes and identif ...
... 4. Identify the two subdivisions of the autonomic nervous system. Distinguish these subdivisions based on anatomy, neurochemistry and function. 5. List the five main subdivisions of the human brain. Identify one or two structures found in each subdivision. 6. Name the four cerebral lobes and identif ...
Acetylcholine Facilitates Recovery of Episodic Memory after Brain
... and mammillary bodies. We have previously shown that a moderate episodic memory impairment in monkeys with transection of the fornix is exacerbated by prior depletion of acetylcholine from inferotemporal cortex, despite the fact that depletion of acetylcholine from inferotemporal cortex on its own h ...
... and mammillary bodies. We have previously shown that a moderate episodic memory impairment in monkeys with transection of the fornix is exacerbated by prior depletion of acetylcholine from inferotemporal cortex, despite the fact that depletion of acetylcholine from inferotemporal cortex on its own h ...
Multisensory Integration of Dynamic Faces and Voices
... In the social world, multiple sensory channels are used concurrently to facilitate communication. Among human and nonhuman primates, faces and voices are the primary means of transmitting social signals (Adolphs, 2003; Ghazanfar and Santos, 2004). Primates recognize the correspondence between specie ...
... In the social world, multiple sensory channels are used concurrently to facilitate communication. Among human and nonhuman primates, faces and voices are the primary means of transmitting social signals (Adolphs, 2003; Ghazanfar and Santos, 2004). Primates recognize the correspondence between specie ...
From movement to thought: Anatomic substrates of the cerebellar
... Diagrams summarizing the somatotopic organizationof the cerebel- between primary and secondary sensory areas of the cerebral lum as determined by functional studies performed in the 1940s. A cortex and those in the cerebellum. These diagrams do not depict Tactile projections t o the cerebellum. Ante ...
... Diagrams summarizing the somatotopic organizationof the cerebel- between primary and secondary sensory areas of the cerebral lum as determined by functional studies performed in the 1940s. A cortex and those in the cerebellum. These diagrams do not depict Tactile projections t o the cerebellum. Ante ...
On the computational architecture of the neocortex
... The idea of the present two-part paper is that, at the appropriate level of analysis, there are certain uniformities in the structure of the brain that suggest that some simple general principles of organization must be at work. If this is the case, looking at the tasks performed by the brain from a ...
... The idea of the present two-part paper is that, at the appropriate level of analysis, there are certain uniformities in the structure of the brain that suggest that some simple general principles of organization must be at work. If this is the case, looking at the tasks performed by the brain from a ...
On the computational architecture of the neocortex
... The idea of the present two-part paper is that, at the appropriate level of analysis, there are certain uniformities in the structure of the brain that suggest that some simple general principles of organization must be at work. If this is the case, looking at the tasks performed by the brain from a ...
... The idea of the present two-part paper is that, at the appropriate level of analysis, there are certain uniformities in the structure of the brain that suggest that some simple general principles of organization must be at work. If this is the case, looking at the tasks performed by the brain from a ...
Representation of Umami Taste in the Human Brain
... et al. 1990), in which the effects of feeding to satiety were often of interest to investigate the brain mechanisms underlying appetite. Glucose was used in those studies because it is rapidly absorbed and can act as a satiety signal without further metabolism (Rolls 1999). The experimental protocol ...
... et al. 1990), in which the effects of feeding to satiety were often of interest to investigate the brain mechanisms underlying appetite. Glucose was used in those studies because it is rapidly absorbed and can act as a satiety signal without further metabolism (Rolls 1999). The experimental protocol ...
Volitional enhancement of firing synchrony and oscillation by
... increase in the synchrony of the entrained neurons. This relation of LFP and neuronal firing can be explained by the fact that LFPs are produced by postsynaptic potentials, and periodicity in neuronal firing would be associated with periodicity in LFPs. They also documented the spatial extent of neu ...
... increase in the synchrony of the entrained neurons. This relation of LFP and neuronal firing can be explained by the fact that LFPs are produced by postsynaptic potentials, and periodicity in neuronal firing would be associated with periodicity in LFPs. They also documented the spatial extent of neu ...
Neurodynamical modeling of arbitrary visuomotor tasks
... Although this experimental setup seems to be very specific, it contains many functions which are of general importance for cognitive behavior: Identification of a visual stimulus, decision making, working memory, trial-and-error learning, reward processing, motor control. An everyday example could b ...
... Although this experimental setup seems to be very specific, it contains many functions which are of general importance for cognitive behavior: Identification of a visual stimulus, decision making, working memory, trial-and-error learning, reward processing, motor control. An everyday example could b ...
Surface-view connectivity patterns of area 18 in cats
... injection, caudal-most FB-labeled patches of cells reflected the caudal-most position of the FB injection, and other patches of labeled cells were aligned with their associated tracers. Thus, for connections of area 17, area 19, and the suprasylvian region, groups of patches of neurons progressed in ...
... injection, caudal-most FB-labeled patches of cells reflected the caudal-most position of the FB injection, and other patches of labeled cells were aligned with their associated tracers. Thus, for connections of area 17, area 19, and the suprasylvian region, groups of patches of neurons progressed in ...
Somatotopic mapping of natural upper- and lower
... 2010; Brunner et al., 2009; Lachaux et al., 2007a; Leuthardt et al., 2007; Miller et al., 2007a; Roland et al., 2010; Schalk et al., 2004, 2008; Sinai et al., 2005; Towle et al., 2008; Vansteensel et al., in press; Wray et al., 2012). Mounting evidence exists that event-related changes in the high g ...
... 2010; Brunner et al., 2009; Lachaux et al., 2007a; Leuthardt et al., 2007; Miller et al., 2007a; Roland et al., 2010; Schalk et al., 2004, 2008; Sinai et al., 2005; Towle et al., 2008; Vansteensel et al., in press; Wray et al., 2012). Mounting evidence exists that event-related changes in the high g ...
Inferior Parietal Lobule Function in Spatial Perception and
... or in somatosensation (such as loss of tactile sensitivity); they produce deficits in more complex cortical functions including spatial perception and visuomotor integration. Recordings from neurons in this area demonstrate more complex response properties than those found in lower-order sensory are ...
... or in somatosensation (such as loss of tactile sensitivity); they produce deficits in more complex cortical functions including spatial perception and visuomotor integration. Recordings from neurons in this area demonstrate more complex response properties than those found in lower-order sensory are ...
Post-pubertal Emergence of Prefrontal Cortical Up
... information processing during which synaptic plasticity mechanisms may be enabled (O’Donnell, 2003). Although up-down transitions have been extensively characterized in anesthetized animals and sleep (Mahon et al., 2001; Steriade et al., 2001), a recent study demonstrated their presence in awake ani ...
... information processing during which synaptic plasticity mechanisms may be enabled (O’Donnell, 2003). Although up-down transitions have been extensively characterized in anesthetized animals and sleep (Mahon et al., 2001; Steriade et al., 2001), a recent study demonstrated their presence in awake ani ...
Perceptual and Semantic Contributions to
... exposures reduces, if not eliminates altogether, the behavioral facilitation. Conceptual or semantic priming occurs despite such changes and is instead linked to the underlying referent (i.e., the object itself). While both classes of priming have been documented using visual and linguistic (both vi ...
... exposures reduces, if not eliminates altogether, the behavioral facilitation. Conceptual or semantic priming occurs despite such changes and is instead linked to the underlying referent (i.e., the object itself). While both classes of priming have been documented using visual and linguistic (both vi ...
Looking Through the Lens of Individual Differences: Relationships
... detail as well as the utility of applying an individual-differences approach to their study. Cognitive control has served as the focus of much research aimed at uncovering the nature of the processing mechanisms that flexibly guide goal-directed behavior. Several researchers have used an individual- ...
... detail as well as the utility of applying an individual-differences approach to their study. Cognitive control has served as the focus of much research aimed at uncovering the nature of the processing mechanisms that flexibly guide goal-directed behavior. Several researchers have used an individual- ...
Frontal Eye Field Neurons Reflect Covert, Serial Shifts of Attention
... mechanisms are believed to underlie the selection of salient stimuli and those having sought-after features (e.g. stimuli the same color as the target). This is possibly mediated through synchronous activity(Bichot et al., 2005). In contrast, serial mechanisms may underlie the focusing of an attenti ...
... mechanisms are believed to underlie the selection of salient stimuli and those having sought-after features (e.g. stimuli the same color as the target). This is possibly mediated through synchronous activity(Bichot et al., 2005). In contrast, serial mechanisms may underlie the focusing of an attenti ...
How Inhibition Shapes Cortical Activity
... Cortical processing reflects the interplay of synaptic excitation and synaptic inhibition. Rapidly accumulating evidence is highlighting the crucial role of inhibition in shaping spontaneous and sensory-evoked cortical activity and thus underscores how a better knowledge of inhibitory circuits is ne ...
... Cortical processing reflects the interplay of synaptic excitation and synaptic inhibition. Rapidly accumulating evidence is highlighting the crucial role of inhibition in shaping spontaneous and sensory-evoked cortical activity and thus underscores how a better knowledge of inhibitory circuits is ne ...
Flow of information for emotions through temporal and orbitofrontal pathways REVIEW
... in emotional processing and are robustly interconnected. By analogy with the pattern of connections in early processing sensory areas, anterior temporal sensory and polymodal association cortices send primarily feedforward projections to posterior orbitofrontal cortex and to the amygdala originating ...
... in emotional processing and are robustly interconnected. By analogy with the pattern of connections in early processing sensory areas, anterior temporal sensory and polymodal association cortices send primarily feedforward projections to posterior orbitofrontal cortex and to the amygdala originating ...
Physiological Plasticity of Single Neurons in Auditory Cortex of the
... at the beginning of a session to produce a brief (2-5 s) pupillary dilation. The US was delivered to the subcutaneous tissue of the forepaw contralateral to the recording site via a pair of fine wire electrodes. Pupillary size was monitored by an infrared pupillometer (Cassady, Farley, Weinberger, & ...
... at the beginning of a session to produce a brief (2-5 s) pupillary dilation. The US was delivered to the subcutaneous tissue of the forepaw contralateral to the recording site via a pair of fine wire electrodes. Pupillary size was monitored by an infrared pupillometer (Cassady, Farley, Weinberger, & ...
Visual Cortex and Control Processes Stimuli in Opposite Visual
... the notion of “competition” to describe behavioral interactions between widely separated visual inputs, typically in opposite visual hemifields that project to different occipital hemispheres (e.g., Bender 1952; Cohen et al. 1994; Duncan et al. 1997; Kastner and Ungerleider 2000; Kinsbourne 1993). F ...
... the notion of “competition” to describe behavioral interactions between widely separated visual inputs, typically in opposite visual hemifields that project to different occipital hemispheres (e.g., Bender 1952; Cohen et al. 1994; Duncan et al. 1997; Kastner and Ungerleider 2000; Kinsbourne 1993). F ...
Spontaneous and Stimulus-Evoked Intrinsic Optical Signals in
... activity, and effects of changing sound pressure level (SPL). It is not clear, however, to what extent these apparent differences are due to species differences or recording methodology because in only one case (Bakin et al. 1996) were optical images verified with electrophysiological recording. For ...
... activity, and effects of changing sound pressure level (SPL). It is not clear, however, to what extent these apparent differences are due to species differences or recording methodology because in only one case (Bakin et al. 1996) were optical images verified with electrophysiological recording. For ...
Spontaneous and Stimulus-Evoked Intrinsic Optical Signals in
... activity, and effects of changing sound pressure level (SPL). It is not clear, however, to what extent these apparent differences are due to species differences or recording methodology because in only one case (Bakin et al. 1996) were optical images verified with electrophysiological recording. For ...
... activity, and effects of changing sound pressure level (SPL). It is not clear, however, to what extent these apparent differences are due to species differences or recording methodology because in only one case (Bakin et al. 1996) were optical images verified with electrophysiological recording. For ...
Ventral Intraparietal Area of the Macaque: Anatomic Location and
... which a stimulus was presented, preferring a stimulus of equivalent visual angle and luminance presented near (within 20 cm) or very near (within 5 cm) the face. These neurons maintained their preference for near stimuli when tested monocularly, suggesting that visual cues other than disparity can s ...
... which a stimulus was presented, preferring a stimulus of equivalent visual angle and luminance presented near (within 20 cm) or very near (within 5 cm) the face. These neurons maintained their preference for near stimuli when tested monocularly, suggesting that visual cues other than disparity can s ...
Chapter_013
... temporal lobe below and parietal lobes above; island of Reil lies deep in lateral fissure ...
... temporal lobe below and parietal lobes above; island of Reil lies deep in lateral fissure ...
Chapter_013
... temporal lobe below and parietal lobes above; island of Reil lies deep in lateral fissure ...
... temporal lobe below and parietal lobes above; island of Reil lies deep in lateral fissure ...
Executive functions
Executive functions (also known as cognitive control and supervisory attentional system) is an umbrella term for the management (regulation, control) of cognitive processes, including working memory, reasoning, task flexibility, and problem solving as well as planning and execution.The executive system is a theorized cognitive system in psychology that controls and manages other cognitive processes, such as executive functions. The prefrontal areas of the frontal lobe are necessary but not solely sufficient for carrying out these functions.