The cerebrocerebellar system: anatomic substrates of the cerebellar
... architecture that is essentially uniform. This has theoretical and clinical ramifications. It is the anatomical basis for the dysmetria of thought hypothesis that postulates a universal cerebellar transform, in which the cerebellum performs its unique computation in a topographically precise manner ...
... architecture that is essentially uniform. This has theoretical and clinical ramifications. It is the anatomical basis for the dysmetria of thought hypothesis that postulates a universal cerebellar transform, in which the cerebellum performs its unique computation in a topographically precise manner ...
chelazzi et al 2012 - Emergent Attention Lab
... to the attentional processing of distracting items. For instance, when a stimulus that has been shown as a distracter in the immediately preceding trial (and was therefore ignored) is then displayed as the target in the current trial and needs to be selected and processed, responses are slower and l ...
... to the attentional processing of distracting items. For instance, when a stimulus that has been shown as a distracter in the immediately preceding trial (and was therefore ignored) is then displayed as the target in the current trial and needs to be selected and processed, responses are slower and l ...
Topographic Maps in Human Frontal Cortex Revealed in Memory
... appearance of a target at a new location. An example for a 12 o’clock trial is given in Fig. 1A. Each trial at a given target location was 5 s long. The first target appeared at the right horizontal meridian and subsequent target locations were marked counterclockwise through 12 or 8 equally spaced ...
... appearance of a target at a new location. An example for a 12 o’clock trial is given in Fig. 1A. Each trial at a given target location was 5 s long. The first target appeared at the right horizontal meridian and subsequent target locations were marked counterclockwise through 12 or 8 equally spaced ...
Can the negative deflections found with EEG on frontocentral
... to identify different processes, brain states, brain oscillations or find markers of mental diseases. An event-related potential (ERP) is a segment of the EEG signal starting from a specific event, most of the time on stimulus or response onset. These ERPs can be averaged, to create a smooth wavefor ...
... to identify different processes, brain states, brain oscillations or find markers of mental diseases. An event-related potential (ERP) is a segment of the EEG signal starting from a specific event, most of the time on stimulus or response onset. These ERPs can be averaged, to create a smooth wavefor ...
Functional Organization of the Cat Visual Cortex in Relation to the
... enabling visualization of the spatial arrangement of the orientation-preference map have revealed the presence of both linear zones, where orientation preference gradually changes, and singular points and fractures, where orientation preference rapidly changes (Blasdel 1992; Bonhoeffer and Grinvald ...
... enabling visualization of the spatial arrangement of the orientation-preference map have revealed the presence of both linear zones, where orientation preference gradually changes, and singular points and fractures, where orientation preference rapidly changes (Blasdel 1992; Bonhoeffer and Grinvald ...
Pathways for emotions and memory
... The anterior thalamic nuclei are a key link in pathways associated with emotions and memory. In the preceding study we found that one of the anterior nuclei, the anterior medial (AM), had particularly robust connections with specific medial prefrontal and orbitofrontal cortices and moderate connecti ...
... The anterior thalamic nuclei are a key link in pathways associated with emotions and memory. In the preceding study we found that one of the anterior nuclei, the anterior medial (AM), had particularly robust connections with specific medial prefrontal and orbitofrontal cortices and moderate connecti ...
memory systems in the brain
... (Rolls 1990, 1999a, 2000a). A reward is anything for which an animal will work. A punisher is anything an animal will work to escape or avoid. An example of an emotion might thus be happiness produced by being given a reward, such as a pleasant touch, praise, or winning a large sum of money; another ...
... (Rolls 1990, 1999a, 2000a). A reward is anything for which an animal will work. A punisher is anything an animal will work to escape or avoid. An example of an emotion might thus be happiness produced by being given a reward, such as a pleasant touch, praise, or winning a large sum of money; another ...
Novel visual stimuli activate a population of neurons
... 6–8 trials for each stimulus had been run, the main data collection task was rerun several times with diVerent familiar images from the standard set, and four further completely novel images. This enabled the neuronal responses after data collection to be compared to typically 8–12 familiar images, ...
... 6–8 trials for each stimulus had been run, the main data collection task was rerun several times with diVerent familiar images from the standard set, and four further completely novel images. This enabled the neuronal responses after data collection to be compared to typically 8–12 familiar images, ...
The Neural Basis of Human Error Processing: Reinforcement
... learning signals to the basal ganglia and frontal cortex, where they are used to facilitate the development of adaptive motor programs. Although the reinforcement learning function attributed to the mesencephalic dopamine system and the error-processing function associated with the ERN appear to be ...
... learning signals to the basal ganglia and frontal cortex, where they are used to facilitate the development of adaptive motor programs. Although the reinforcement learning function attributed to the mesencephalic dopamine system and the error-processing function associated with the ERN appear to be ...
Knockdown of the Dyslexia-Associated Gene
... Rimadyl tablets for 3 days after surgery to minimize discomfort. Topical antibiotic was applied to the incision to prevent infection. Following a week of recovery, recordings were obtained from each animal in a series of daily recording sessions. During each session, the animal was unrestrained in a ...
... Rimadyl tablets for 3 days after surgery to minimize discomfort. Topical antibiotic was applied to the incision to prevent infection. Following a week of recovery, recordings were obtained from each animal in a series of daily recording sessions. During each session, the animal was unrestrained in a ...
Activity in the Lateral Prefrontal Cortex Reflects Multiple Steps of
... ning of multistep behaviors? More specifically, does the activity of PFC neurons during the process of planning reflect the multiple movements required during future actions or the individual future events that occur as a result of the actions? To answer this question, we examined neuronal activity ...
... ning of multistep behaviors? More specifically, does the activity of PFC neurons during the process of planning reflect the multiple movements required during future actions or the individual future events that occur as a result of the actions? To answer this question, we examined neuronal activity ...
Neural Mechanisms of Subclinical Depressive
... regions while individuals with MDD actively regulate responses to emotional stimuli [9,10]. For example, Johnstone and colleagues [6] reported that when instructed to reappraise negatively valenced images, individuals with MDD demonstrated impaired prefrontal cortical inhibition of limbic regions as ...
... regions while individuals with MDD actively regulate responses to emotional stimuli [9,10]. For example, Johnstone and colleagues [6] reported that when instructed to reappraise negatively valenced images, individuals with MDD demonstrated impaired prefrontal cortical inhibition of limbic regions as ...
download file
... screws had attached leads to serve as a reference wire and a grounding wire. A craniotomy and durotomy were performed to expose the cortex in the region of primary auditory cortex. The microwire array was then inserted to a depth of 550–600 µm (layer IV/V) in primary auditory cortex using a custom b ...
... screws had attached leads to serve as a reference wire and a grounding wire. A craniotomy and durotomy were performed to expose the cortex in the region of primary auditory cortex. The microwire array was then inserted to a depth of 550–600 µm (layer IV/V) in primary auditory cortex using a custom b ...
Knockdown of the Dyslexia-Associated Gene
... that was rescued by expression of exogenous Kiaa0319 (Paracchini et al. 2006). Control transfection animals received a scrambled sequence control of Kiaa0319 shRNA, also previously used, that contained 6 bases in the sequence scrambled to render the shRNA inactive in terms of reducing Kiaa0319 expre ...
... that was rescued by expression of exogenous Kiaa0319 (Paracchini et al. 2006). Control transfection animals received a scrambled sequence control of Kiaa0319 shRNA, also previously used, that contained 6 bases in the sequence scrambled to render the shRNA inactive in terms of reducing Kiaa0319 expre ...
PDF
... humans, triggering the startle response at rest with a loud auditory stimulus produces activity in many muscles throughout the body, almost always including both the orbicularis oculi (OO) and sternocleidomastoid (SCM) and with predominant flexor activity in limb muscles (Landis and Hunt, 1939). Thi ...
... humans, triggering the startle response at rest with a loud auditory stimulus produces activity in many muscles throughout the body, almost always including both the orbicularis oculi (OO) and sternocleidomastoid (SCM) and with predominant flexor activity in limb muscles (Landis and Hunt, 1939). Thi ...
The limbic system
... behavior. Chemosensory efferents from the main and accessory olfactory systems project to the medial amygdala (MeA). MeA sends direct and indirect innervations (through the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis) to the medial preoptic area (MPOA). MPOA and MeA receive genitosensory input from the spin ...
... behavior. Chemosensory efferents from the main and accessory olfactory systems project to the medial amygdala (MeA). MeA sends direct and indirect innervations (through the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis) to the medial preoptic area (MPOA). MPOA and MeA receive genitosensory input from the spin ...
Cerebellar Affective Syndrome Expanding Our Thinking About the
... Studies by Neau (Acta Neurol Scand, 2000) and others showed deficits in EF, spatial cognition, attention, and some language tasks Single case reports have shown pts with right cerebellar infarct develop impairments of linguistic processing including agrammatism and decreased verbal fluency. ...
... Studies by Neau (Acta Neurol Scand, 2000) and others showed deficits in EF, spatial cognition, attention, and some language tasks Single case reports have shown pts with right cerebellar infarct develop impairments of linguistic processing including agrammatism and decreased verbal fluency. ...
What Can an Orbitofrontal Cortex- Endowed Animal
... anatomical differences might reflect behavioral differences in the role that the sense of smell plays in these two species. For example, the amygdala provides strong input to agranular OFC, but very scant projections to central anterior OFC (such as area 11l), implying that limbic (amygdala) influen ...
... anatomical differences might reflect behavioral differences in the role that the sense of smell plays in these two species. For example, the amygdala provides strong input to agranular OFC, but very scant projections to central anterior OFC (such as area 11l), implying that limbic (amygdala) influen ...
Gustatory processing is dynamic and distributed Donald B
... that the gustatory system is made-up of networks of feedforward and feedback pathways. Figure 1b presents a simple reconceptualization of the system with the goal of assisting the reader in understanding the dynamic and distributed nature of gustatory processing. The gustatory system is separated in ...
... that the gustatory system is made-up of networks of feedforward and feedback pathways. Figure 1b presents a simple reconceptualization of the system with the goal of assisting the reader in understanding the dynamic and distributed nature of gustatory processing. The gustatory system is separated in ...
Stochastic dynamics as a principle of brain function
... factor in a network with a finite (i.e., limited) number of neurons. The spiking noise can be described as introducing statistical fluctuations into the finite-size system. It is important that the outcome that is reached, and not just its time course, is influenced on each trial by these statistical flu ...
... factor in a network with a finite (i.e., limited) number of neurons. The spiking noise can be described as introducing statistical fluctuations into the finite-size system. It is important that the outcome that is reached, and not just its time course, is influenced on each trial by these statistical flu ...
Mirror neurons in monkey area F5 do not adapt to the observation of
... V1 (ref. 1), extrastriate visual areas1–4, as well as areas in the inferior5–15 and the medial temporal lobe16–18. This response decrease has been varyingly called ‘adaptation’18 or ‘repetition suppression’19. The possibility to use adaptation to discover specific visual characteristics in human func ...
... V1 (ref. 1), extrastriate visual areas1–4, as well as areas in the inferior5–15 and the medial temporal lobe16–18. This response decrease has been varyingly called ‘adaptation’18 or ‘repetition suppression’19. The possibility to use adaptation to discover specific visual characteristics in human func ...
Lesser
... about the youngsters’ immediate world. But rats tend to get into trouble using their mouths. The fractured structure of the touch maps in the cerebellum supported the idea that the region was somehow comparing the sensory data coming from the multiple body parts used by each animal to explore its wo ...
... about the youngsters’ immediate world. But rats tend to get into trouble using their mouths. The fractured structure of the touch maps in the cerebellum supported the idea that the region was somehow comparing the sensory data coming from the multiple body parts used by each animal to explore its wo ...
Long thought to be solely the BRAIN`S COORDINATOR of body
... about the youngsters’ immediate world. But rats tend to get into trouble using their mouths. The fractured structure of the touch maps in the cerebellum supported the idea that the region was somehow comparing the sensory data coming from the multiple body parts used by each animal to explore its wo ...
... about the youngsters’ immediate world. But rats tend to get into trouble using their mouths. The fractured structure of the touch maps in the cerebellum supported the idea that the region was somehow comparing the sensory data coming from the multiple body parts used by each animal to explore its wo ...
Task-dependent plasticity of spectrotemporal receptive fields in
... plasticity, They found that changes in neuronal receptive Weld properties could be expressed in some behavioral circumstances and not in others. In more recent studies by Yin et al. (2001, 2005) monkeys were overtrained to respond selectively for water reward to a short melodic target sequence of pu ...
... plasticity, They found that changes in neuronal receptive Weld properties could be expressed in some behavioral circumstances and not in others. In more recent studies by Yin et al. (2001, 2005) monkeys were overtrained to respond selectively for water reward to a short melodic target sequence of pu ...
Direct comparison of the neural substrates of
... conditions, which were chosen to permit comparisons across the following tasks: familiar words versus familiar faces and novel words versus novel faces. The two baseline conditions were reading words and gender classification. For the task referred to as recognizing familiar words or faces, subjects ...
... conditions, which were chosen to permit comparisons across the following tasks: familiar words versus familiar faces and novel words versus novel faces. The two baseline conditions were reading words and gender classification. For the task referred to as recognizing familiar words or faces, subjects ...
Executive functions
Executive functions (also known as cognitive control and supervisory attentional system) is an umbrella term for the management (regulation, control) of cognitive processes, including working memory, reasoning, task flexibility, and problem solving as well as planning and execution.The executive system is a theorized cognitive system in psychology that controls and manages other cognitive processes, such as executive functions. The prefrontal areas of the frontal lobe are necessary but not solely sufficient for carrying out these functions.