connect_review_20150316 - Royal Holloway, University of London
... relationship is not fully understood (Woolrich and Stephan, 2013). While structural connections enable effective connectivity, plasticity can alter the ability of a physical structure to transmit information and this plasticity may be captured by effective connectivity measures. Stephen et al. (2009 ...
... relationship is not fully understood (Woolrich and Stephan, 2013). While structural connections enable effective connectivity, plasticity can alter the ability of a physical structure to transmit information and this plasticity may be captured by effective connectivity measures. Stephen et al. (2009 ...
New insights into the anatomo-functional connectivity of the
... the functional mapping. Each eloquent area was marked using a sterile number tag on the brain surface, and its location correlated to the anatomical landmarks (sulci/gyri/tumour boundaries) previously identified by ultrasonography. A photograph of the cortical map was systematically made before rese ...
... the functional mapping. Each eloquent area was marked using a sterile number tag on the brain surface, and its location correlated to the anatomical landmarks (sulci/gyri/tumour boundaries) previously identified by ultrasonography. A photograph of the cortical map was systematically made before rese ...
From format to function: Embodiment and the functional roles of
... the debate cannot even be resolved in principle. For both empirical and theoretical reasons, the widely assumed distinction between modal and amodal processing or representation is untenable at the neural level (Section 4). We propose that more productive than trying to uncover the representational ...
... the debate cannot even be resolved in principle. For both empirical and theoretical reasons, the widely assumed distinction between modal and amodal processing or representation is untenable at the neural level (Section 4). We propose that more productive than trying to uncover the representational ...
Role of Cerebral Cortex in Voluntary Movements
... turn, can alter activity in the motor cortex or brain-stem descending systems. One of the roles of the motor cortex is to transform these diverse input signals, including sensory signals, into appropriate output commands coding which muscles should contract and at what force. MOTOR CORTEX FUNCTIONS ...
... turn, can alter activity in the motor cortex or brain-stem descending systems. One of the roles of the motor cortex is to transform these diverse input signals, including sensory signals, into appropriate output commands coding which muscles should contract and at what force. MOTOR CORTEX FUNCTIONS ...
How We Know It Hurts: Item Analysis of Written - Saxelab
... The response in these regions is influenced by the affective aspects of painful experiences, and not just the sensory aspects (for more details see [12]). For example, activity in insula and AMCC is modulated by participants’ anxiety and fear associated with anticipating pain, even prior to any actu ...
... The response in these regions is influenced by the affective aspects of painful experiences, and not just the sensory aspects (for more details see [12]). For example, activity in insula and AMCC is modulated by participants’ anxiety and fear associated with anticipating pain, even prior to any actu ...
The Neural Foundations of Reaction and Action in Aversive Motivation
... Reaction and reflex behaviors share the attribute that the response itself is unlearned. Both of these types of responses are innate and are typically elicited by stimuli that have, through evolutionary processes, come to be embedded in the genetic wiring of the nervous system. However, reactions ar ...
... Reaction and reflex behaviors share the attribute that the response itself is unlearned. Both of these types of responses are innate and are typically elicited by stimuli that have, through evolutionary processes, come to be embedded in the genetic wiring of the nervous system. However, reactions ar ...
Purves ch. 8 + Kandel ch. 23 - Weizmann Institute of Science
... receptor neurons covered the entire digital pad, it would be impossible to discriminate two spatially separate stimuli applied to the fingertip (since all the receptive fields would be returning the same spatial information). ...
... receptor neurons covered the entire digital pad, it would be impossible to discriminate two spatially separate stimuli applied to the fingertip (since all the receptive fields would be returning the same spatial information). ...
The orbitofrontal cortex: Neuronal activity in the behaving monkey
... testing (see below) responded as soon as the object was shown to the animal (count period 4). Neurons which did not respond in count period 4, but did respond as the object approached the mouth in the latter part of count period 5 and during count period 6, could have activity that was related to be ...
... testing (see below) responded as soon as the object was shown to the animal (count period 4). Neurons which did not respond in count period 4, but did respond as the object approached the mouth in the latter part of count period 5 and during count period 6, could have activity that was related to be ...
Inactivation of Parietal and Prefrontal Cortex Reveals
... of these subpopulations were matched to a greater extent (Chafee and Goldman-Rakic 1998) than could be gleaned from independent studies of the two populations using similar, but not identical, tasks (Andersen et al. 1990b; Bruce and Goldberg 1985; Funahashi et al. 1989 –1991; Gnadt and Andersen 1988 ...
... of these subpopulations were matched to a greater extent (Chafee and Goldman-Rakic 1998) than could be gleaned from independent studies of the two populations using similar, but not identical, tasks (Andersen et al. 1990b; Bruce and Goldberg 1985; Funahashi et al. 1989 –1991; Gnadt and Andersen 1988 ...
Choice Coding in Frontal Cortex during Stimulus
... choices, the animal may learn to make a specific response when a specific pair of pictures is presented (a stimulus–response association). Reward-predictive neural activity could then reflect an AO association, indicating knowledge of the reward that is associated with that response. A second proble ...
... choices, the animal may learn to make a specific response when a specific pair of pictures is presented (a stimulus–response association). Reward-predictive neural activity could then reflect an AO association, indicating knowledge of the reward that is associated with that response. A second proble ...
6.12 Dorsal and Ventral Streams in the Sense of Touch
... The ventral stream – transmitted through the inferotemporal cortex – is the putative ‘what’ pathway. These cortical areas analyze the visual signals to derive cognitive information about the size, shape, and color of the stimulus. These intrinsic properties allow us to recognize such stimuli as dist ...
... The ventral stream – transmitted through the inferotemporal cortex – is the putative ‘what’ pathway. These cortical areas analyze the visual signals to derive cognitive information about the size, shape, and color of the stimulus. These intrinsic properties allow us to recognize such stimuli as dist ...
Functional Organization of Ferret Auditory Cortex
... Spike sorting was performed offline. Only signals with an amplitude three times that of the noise were recorded by the data acquisition software as ‘spikes’. Units were isolated from the digitized signal by manually clustering data according to spike features, such as amplitude, width and area. We al ...
... Spike sorting was performed offline. Only signals with an amplitude three times that of the noise were recorded by the data acquisition software as ‘spikes’. Units were isolated from the digitized signal by manually clustering data according to spike features, such as amplitude, width and area. We al ...
PET Imaging of Differential Cortical Activation to
... conditions requiring different levels of signal processing and analysis, more extensive regions beyond the classical regions have also been identified for speech processing (Peterson & Fiez, 1993; Binder et al., 1997). Based on several recent imaging studies in speech processing, a widely distribute ...
... conditions requiring different levels of signal processing and analysis, more extensive regions beyond the classical regions have also been identified for speech processing (Peterson & Fiez, 1993; Binder et al., 1997). Based on several recent imaging studies in speech processing, a widely distribute ...
Retrieval induces adaptive forgetting of competing memories via
... visual cortical activity when a retrieval cue concurrently elicits multiple visual memories. These studies revealed that pattern classifiers have difficulty discriminating whether a retrieval cue is eliciting a memory of a face or an object when both types of content are associated with it, even whe ...
... visual cortical activity when a retrieval cue concurrently elicits multiple visual memories. These studies revealed that pattern classifiers have difficulty discriminating whether a retrieval cue is eliciting a memory of a face or an object when both types of content are associated with it, even whe ...
Paying attention to consciousness - What is Neuro
... The paper starts with a brief survey of the nature of attention. I then briefly review engineering control, and more specific motor control concepts, in Section 3. A general control model for sensory attention is developed in Section 4, including simple simulations which support the presence of cert ...
... The paper starts with a brief survey of the nature of attention. I then briefly review engineering control, and more specific motor control concepts, in Section 3. A general control model for sensory attention is developed in Section 4, including simple simulations which support the presence of cert ...
Mapping Retinotopic Structure in Mouse Visual Cortex with Optical
... Retinotopic organization of area 17 Using stereotaxic coordinates as well as anatomical markers for area 17, we confirmed that the principal patches are located within the primary visual cortex. We determined the extent of area 17 with a maximum intensity projection of the intrinsic signal across al ...
... Retinotopic organization of area 17 Using stereotaxic coordinates as well as anatomical markers for area 17, we confirmed that the principal patches are located within the primary visual cortex. We determined the extent of area 17 with a maximum intensity projection of the intrinsic signal across al ...
Supplementary Information (doc 2155K)
... We suggest that the dlPFC-Ce functional network could reflect a dlPFC-Bmc-Ce structural pathway. In particular, we note that the dlPFC projects to a region of the dorsal Bmc that lies within a few millimeters of the Ce32-35. While these modest projections are sometimes characterized as “weak,” recen ...
... We suggest that the dlPFC-Ce functional network could reflect a dlPFC-Bmc-Ce structural pathway. In particular, we note that the dlPFC projects to a region of the dorsal Bmc that lies within a few millimeters of the Ce32-35. While these modest projections are sometimes characterized as “weak,” recen ...
An Intracranial EEG Study of the Neural Dynamics of Musical
... In the auditory domain, the effects on a listener of so called consonant and dissonant musical chords are fairly consistent: in contrast to the former, which tend to be considered pleasant, the latter generally evoke a negatively valenced emotion—a feeling of unpleasantness (Plomp and Levelt 1965; W ...
... In the auditory domain, the effects on a listener of so called consonant and dissonant musical chords are fairly consistent: in contrast to the former, which tend to be considered pleasant, the latter generally evoke a negatively valenced emotion—a feeling of unpleasantness (Plomp and Levelt 1965; W ...
The Neuroscience of Spontaneous Thought: An Evolving
... tasks (Mason et al., 2007) or periods of rest (Kucyi & Davis, 2014). Of particular interest given evolving definitions of spontaneous thought are two additional scales that separately assess the tendency for individuals to engage in intentional and unintentional forms of thought: the MindWandering D ...
... tasks (Mason et al., 2007) or periods of rest (Kucyi & Davis, 2014). Of particular interest given evolving definitions of spontaneous thought are two additional scales that separately assess the tendency for individuals to engage in intentional and unintentional forms of thought: the MindWandering D ...
Gee JNeuro 2012 - Stanford University
... 0.3 mediolateral (ML), and ⫺2.75 dorsoventral (DV). Injection of retrogradely transported microspheres for projection targeting experiments. Procedures for injection of these microspheres were similar to those for virus injection. We waited at least 48 h after each injection before preparing brain s ...
... 0.3 mediolateral (ML), and ⫺2.75 dorsoventral (DV). Injection of retrogradely transported microspheres for projection targeting experiments. Procedures for injection of these microspheres were similar to those for virus injection. We waited at least 48 h after each injection before preparing brain s ...
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... number of stimulus-driven goal-directed cognitive tasks [29,30,37,49,50]. Building on an earlier meta-analysis [9], Shulman and colleagues showed that a node proximal to the DMN (i.e., the right temporo-parietal junction, TPJ) was suppressed during correct performance of a demanding visual search ta ...
... number of stimulus-driven goal-directed cognitive tasks [29,30,37,49,50]. Building on an earlier meta-analysis [9], Shulman and colleagues showed that a node proximal to the DMN (i.e., the right temporo-parietal junction, TPJ) was suppressed during correct performance of a demanding visual search ta ...
Suppression of Neural Responses to Nonoptimal Stimuli Correlates
... neuron. It is not possible to determine the underlying inhibitory and excitatory components of a cell uniquely from its extracellular firing rate. For example, response enhancement could be due to increased excitation, decreased inhibition, or a combination of both. We measured the dynamics of tunin ...
... neuron. It is not possible to determine the underlying inhibitory and excitatory components of a cell uniquely from its extracellular firing rate. For example, response enhancement could be due to increased excitation, decreased inhibition, or a combination of both. We measured the dynamics of tunin ...
Viewpoint - Columbia University
... We live in a complex visual world with multiple stimuli continually vying for our attention. In the face of this complexity, we must reliably shift our loci of attention over time to achieve our goals. Furthermore, we continually receive noisy sensory cues about objects in the world. We must reliabl ...
... We live in a complex visual world with multiple stimuli continually vying for our attention. In the face of this complexity, we must reliably shift our loci of attention over time to achieve our goals. Furthermore, we continually receive noisy sensory cues about objects in the world. We must reliabl ...
Executive functions
Executive functions (also known as cognitive control and supervisory attentional system) is an umbrella term for the management (regulation, control) of cognitive processes, including working memory, reasoning, task flexibility, and problem solving as well as planning and execution.The executive system is a theorized cognitive system in psychology that controls and manages other cognitive processes, such as executive functions. The prefrontal areas of the frontal lobe are necessary but not solely sufficient for carrying out these functions.