State dependent activity in monkey visual cortex
... collected from one V4 neuron while the animal performed about 150 trials of the tactile-visual match. Although most trials consisted of several stimuli presented one after another, in Fig. 2 and subsequent figures the trials have been broken apart so that each stimulus presentation and the following ...
... collected from one V4 neuron while the animal performed about 150 trials of the tactile-visual match. Although most trials consisted of several stimuli presented one after another, in Fig. 2 and subsequent figures the trials have been broken apart so that each stimulus presentation and the following ...
Does Mental Activity Change the Oxidative Metabolism of the Brain?
... physiological stimulation on rCMR0, and rCBF. Theseauthors then demonstratedthat vibration of the contralateral index finger provoked a 30% increaseof rCBF in the sensoryhand area, which was not accompaniedby any statistically significant increaseof rCMR0,. This uncoupling betweenrCMR0, and rCBF was ...
... physiological stimulation on rCMR0, and rCBF. Theseauthors then demonstratedthat vibration of the contralateral index finger provoked a 30% increaseof rCBF in the sensoryhand area, which was not accompaniedby any statistically significant increaseof rCMR0,. This uncoupling betweenrCMR0, and rCBF was ...
PDF - Bentham Open
... with an approximately linear response at the physiological range. LOOK-UP TABLE Because these I/O functions are rather simple, which map the input space into the output space by some straightforward mapping functions (or look-up tables), these basic reflexes are usually not considered as representin ...
... with an approximately linear response at the physiological range. LOOK-UP TABLE Because these I/O functions are rather simple, which map the input space into the output space by some straightforward mapping functions (or look-up tables), these basic reflexes are usually not considered as representin ...
urn_nbn_fi_jyu-20
... received the Harvard-based “Ig Nobel Prize” in 2004 for this work, awarded for scientific achievements that “first make people laugh, and then make them think”, as the “missed gorilla” setting seems so bizarre at first sight. Still, the paper quickly brought them real fame via psychology textbook ch ...
... received the Harvard-based “Ig Nobel Prize” in 2004 for this work, awarded for scientific achievements that “first make people laugh, and then make them think”, as the “missed gorilla” setting seems so bizarre at first sight. Still, the paper quickly brought them real fame via psychology textbook ch ...
Executive Control Over Cognition: Stronger and Earlier Rule
... Human cognition is characterized by flexibility, the ability to select not only which action but which cognitive process to engage to best achieve the current behavioral objective. The ability to tailor information processing in the brain to rules, goals, or context is typically referred to as execu ...
... Human cognition is characterized by flexibility, the ability to select not only which action but which cognitive process to engage to best achieve the current behavioral objective. The ability to tailor information processing in the brain to rules, goals, or context is typically referred to as execu ...
Operant vs. Respondent Conditioning
... detect response in order to know when to deliver reinforcement In respondent conditioning, must detect response to know whether conditioning is taking place ...
... detect response in order to know when to deliver reinforcement In respondent conditioning, must detect response to know whether conditioning is taking place ...
How Reliably Does a Neuron in the Visual Motion Pathway of fhe Fly
... on the relationship between the amplitude of the noise and that of the stimulus-induced response component ('SIRC'). In a normal behavioural situation the animal's own actions and reactions have immediate consequences on its sensory input. Therefore, the SIRC is not simply the consequence of an exte ...
... on the relationship between the amplitude of the noise and that of the stimulus-induced response component ('SIRC'). In a normal behavioural situation the animal's own actions and reactions have immediate consequences on its sensory input. Therefore, the SIRC is not simply the consequence of an exte ...
XVI. COMMUNICATIONS BIOPHYSICS W. Dr. Ursula
... Within a few minutes after the injection of nembutal, the notch disappears and the amplitude of the surface-positive component is decreased. Later, the positive peak gradually increases in amplitude until an hour later when the average amplitude may be even larger than that found before anesthetizat ...
... Within a few minutes after the injection of nembutal, the notch disappears and the amplitude of the surface-positive component is decreased. Later, the positive peak gradually increases in amplitude until an hour later when the average amplitude may be even larger than that found before anesthetizat ...
Multi-item Memory in the Primate Prefrontal Cortex
... problem of storing multiple short-term memories might be solved. There is now an abundance of evidence that single items are represented in PFC activity by a rate code (Fuster and Alexander, 1971; Kubota and Niki, 1971; Fuster, 1973; Funahashi et al., 1989; Miller et al., 1996). What about multiple ...
... problem of storing multiple short-term memories might be solved. There is now an abundance of evidence that single items are represented in PFC activity by a rate code (Fuster and Alexander, 1971; Kubota and Niki, 1971; Fuster, 1973; Funahashi et al., 1989; Miller et al., 1996). What about multiple ...
View PDF - Center for Complex Systems and Brain Sciences
... In a recent comparison of IL and PL projections in the rat, we showed that, with a few exceptions, PL and IL distribute differently throughout the brain (Vertes, 2004). These differential patterns of projections are summarized in Fig. 1. As illustrated (Fig. 1), IL distributes significantly to: (1) ...
... In a recent comparison of IL and PL projections in the rat, we showed that, with a few exceptions, PL and IL distribute differently throughout the brain (Vertes, 2004). These differential patterns of projections are summarized in Fig. 1. As illustrated (Fig. 1), IL distributes significantly to: (1) ...
AN INTEGRATIVE THEORY OF LOCUS
... By decision processes, we mean those processes responsible for mapping task-relevant stimuli onto the corresponding response. As we discuss further below, there is growing evidence that, for simple tasks, such processes may be implemented relatively early in the processing stream, distinct from and ...
... By decision processes, we mean those processes responsible for mapping task-relevant stimuli onto the corresponding response. As we discuss further below, there is growing evidence that, for simple tasks, such processes may be implemented relatively early in the processing stream, distinct from and ...
reviews - Center for Complex Systems and Brain Sciences
... animal is attending away from the receptive field at the site of recording30, or is anaesthetized31. In addition, several psychophysical studies, as well as introspection, indicate that we are not blind to the world outside the focus of attention. Thus we can make simple judgments on objects to whic ...
... animal is attending away from the receptive field at the site of recording30, or is anaesthetized31. In addition, several psychophysical studies, as well as introspection, indicate that we are not blind to the world outside the focus of attention. Thus we can make simple judgments on objects to whic ...
31 - UCL
... and output areas, laminar origins and targets of connections), visuotopic organization (e.g., mirror-image or non-mirror-image map of hemifield, bounding areas, pattern of map discontinuities, degree of retinotopy), and physiological properties (e.g., excitatory receptive field size, direction selec ...
... and output areas, laminar origins and targets of connections), visuotopic organization (e.g., mirror-image or non-mirror-image map of hemifield, bounding areas, pattern of map discontinuities, degree of retinotopy), and physiological properties (e.g., excitatory receptive field size, direction selec ...
- Stem-cell and Brain Research Institute
... monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). Some of the results from these injections have already been reported in another article (Falchier et al., 2002). Central area 17 injections were in the cortex subserving 0º–2º in the lower visual field (M85RHDY and M85RHFsB). Injections aimed at the peripheral represen ...
... monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). Some of the results from these injections have already been reported in another article (Falchier et al., 2002). Central area 17 injections were in the cortex subserving 0º–2º in the lower visual field (M85RHDY and M85RHFsB). Injections aimed at the peripheral represen ...
PDF - Oxford Academic - Oxford University Press
... effect of drug intake) yields the opposite effect. Thus, this work suggests a circuit scenario according to which endogenous DSI is beneficial for, whereas an exogenous drug such as marijuana is detrimental to, working memory and possibly other prefrontal functions. Keywords: continuous attractor ne ...
... effect of drug intake) yields the opposite effect. Thus, this work suggests a circuit scenario according to which endogenous DSI is beneficial for, whereas an exogenous drug such as marijuana is detrimental to, working memory and possibly other prefrontal functions. Keywords: continuous attractor ne ...
decision-making in the primate brain
... first stage of the experiment, a subject learns that stimulus A is paired with a reward while stimulus B is not. Once this is learned, the same stimuli are subsequently paired with two novel stimuli (X and Y), and, in this second stage of the experiment, the joint stimuli AX and BY are both paired wi ...
... first stage of the experiment, a subject learns that stimulus A is paired with a reward while stimulus B is not. Once this is learned, the same stimuli are subsequently paired with two novel stimuli (X and Y), and, in this second stage of the experiment, the joint stimuli AX and BY are both paired wi ...
Visual Memory and Visual Perception Recruit
... being specialized neural modules that process a single category. The fact that house processing was associated with activity in the parahippocampal cortex deserves further mention because, as noted above, this region has been considered part of the “where” pathway; as such, activity within this regi ...
... being specialized neural modules that process a single category. The fact that house processing was associated with activity in the parahippocampal cortex deserves further mention because, as noted above, this region has been considered part of the “where” pathway; as such, activity within this regi ...
Interactions Between Premotor and Motor Cortices in Non
... of area F5, the rostral subdivision of the ventral premotor cortex (PMv), as a node within this circuit. Work led particularly by Giacomo Rizzolatti and the Parma group revealed why this area should be the focus of so much interest (Rizzolatti and Luppino 2001; Davare et al. 2011). First, the existe ...
... of area F5, the rostral subdivision of the ventral premotor cortex (PMv), as a node within this circuit. Work led particularly by Giacomo Rizzolatti and the Parma group revealed why this area should be the focus of so much interest (Rizzolatti and Luppino 2001; Davare et al. 2011). First, the existe ...
Adaptive Gain and Optimal Performance
... By decision processes, we mean those processes responsible for mapping task-relevant stimuli onto the corresponding response. As we discuss further below, there is growing evidence that, for simple tasks, such processes may be implemented relatively early in the processing stream, distinct from and ...
... By decision processes, we mean those processes responsible for mapping task-relevant stimuli onto the corresponding response. As we discuss further below, there is growing evidence that, for simple tasks, such processes may be implemented relatively early in the processing stream, distinct from and ...
Recounting the impact of Hubel and Wiesel
... that within the striate cortex, a further level of processing could be identified between neurons referred to as sample cells and complex cells. Both types responded to oriented slits of light, but complex cells had a greater latitude in position of the slit and gave little response to spots of ligh ...
... that within the striate cortex, a further level of processing could be identified between neurons referred to as sample cells and complex cells. Both types responded to oriented slits of light, but complex cells had a greater latitude in position of the slit and gave little response to spots of ligh ...
Toward a Unified Theory of Visual Area V4
... and has been a focus of many studies on visual attention. However, there is no unifying view of V4’s role in visual processing. Neither is there an understanding of how its role in feature processing interfaces with its role in visual attention. This review captures our current knowledge of V4, larg ...
... and has been a focus of many studies on visual attention. However, there is no unifying view of V4’s role in visual processing. Neither is there an understanding of how its role in feature processing interfaces with its role in visual attention. This review captures our current knowledge of V4, larg ...
Direct Inhibition Evoked by Whisker Stimulation in Somatic Sensory
... inhibition evoked by whisker stimulation in somatic sensory (SI) barrel field cortex of the awake rat. J Neurophysiol 84: 1497–1504, 2000. Whisker deflection typically evokes a transient volley of action potentials in rat somatic sensory (SI) barrel cortex. Postexcitatory inhibition is thought to qu ...
... inhibition evoked by whisker stimulation in somatic sensory (SI) barrel field cortex of the awake rat. J Neurophysiol 84: 1497–1504, 2000. Whisker deflection typically evokes a transient volley of action potentials in rat somatic sensory (SI) barrel cortex. Postexcitatory inhibition is thought to qu ...
Processing in layer 4 of the neocortical circuit: new insights from
... based on the arrangement of a cell’s ON and OFF subregions [26]. However, the feed-forward model predicts that inhibition and threshold sharpen spike tuning relative to voltage tuning; it is voltage tuning that would be expected to follow a linear prediction. Ferster’s group tested this by mapping t ...
... based on the arrangement of a cell’s ON and OFF subregions [26]. However, the feed-forward model predicts that inhibition and threshold sharpen spike tuning relative to voltage tuning; it is voltage tuning that would be expected to follow a linear prediction. Ferster’s group tested this by mapping t ...
Chapter 12 PowerPoint - Hillsborough Community College
... Clinical – Homeostatic Imbalance 12.1 • Muscle strength or ability to perform discrete individual movements is not impaired; only control over movements is lost – Example: damage to premotor area controlling movement of fingers would still allow fingers to move, but voluntary control needed to type ...
... Clinical – Homeostatic Imbalance 12.1 • Muscle strength or ability to perform discrete individual movements is not impaired; only control over movements is lost – Example: damage to premotor area controlling movement of fingers would still allow fingers to move, but voluntary control needed to type ...
Does the End Justify the Means?
... perceptual information to motor schemas was influenced by the goals of the actions. Children were more attuned to the reproduction of the goal (such as touching one of their ears or of a pair of dots on the table) than in the imitation of the precise means used (such as using the right or left hand) ...
... perceptual information to motor schemas was influenced by the goals of the actions. Children were more attuned to the reproduction of the goal (such as touching one of their ears or of a pair of dots on the table) than in the imitation of the precise means used (such as using the right or left hand) ...
Executive functions
Executive functions (also known as cognitive control and supervisory attentional system) is an umbrella term for the management (regulation, control) of cognitive processes, including working memory, reasoning, task flexibility, and problem solving as well as planning and execution.The executive system is a theorized cognitive system in psychology that controls and manages other cognitive processes, such as executive functions. The prefrontal areas of the frontal lobe are necessary but not solely sufficient for carrying out these functions.