Role of right pregenual anterior cingulate cortex in self
... specific to diagnosis. We argue that these results reflect the significant role that right pACC plays in the visceromotor responding that accompanies self-conscious emotion and that neurodegeneration in this region may underlie the self-conscious emotional decline seen in bvFTD. ...
... specific to diagnosis. We argue that these results reflect the significant role that right pACC plays in the visceromotor responding that accompanies self-conscious emotion and that neurodegeneration in this region may underlie the self-conscious emotional decline seen in bvFTD. ...
The Prefrontal Cortex and Flexible Behavior
... perform auditory discrimination tasks, but their performance deteriorates when irrelevant auditory stimuli are introduced (Woods and Knight 1986). In these patients, neural activity in dorsolateral prefrontal areas decreases, and activity in auditory cortices increases (Chao and Knight 1998), sugges ...
... perform auditory discrimination tasks, but their performance deteriorates when irrelevant auditory stimuli are introduced (Woods and Knight 1986). In these patients, neural activity in dorsolateral prefrontal areas decreases, and activity in auditory cortices increases (Chao and Knight 1998), sugges ...
Short frontal lobe connections of the human brain
... marginal sulcus (FMS). The connections between Broca and medial frontal areas (i.e. FAT) and those between the hand-knob motor region and post-central gyrus (PoCG) were found left lateralized in a group of twelve healthy right-handed subjects. The existence of these short frontal connections was con ...
... marginal sulcus (FMS). The connections between Broca and medial frontal areas (i.e. FAT) and those between the hand-knob motor region and post-central gyrus (PoCG) were found left lateralized in a group of twelve healthy right-handed subjects. The existence of these short frontal connections was con ...
cerebral cortex - CM
... The Spinal Cord • Spinal cord – composed primarily of nervous tissue; responsible for both relaying and processing information; less anatomically complex than brain but still vitally important to normal nervous system function; two primary roles: • Serves as a relay station and as an intermediate p ...
... The Spinal Cord • Spinal cord – composed primarily of nervous tissue; responsible for both relaying and processing information; less anatomically complex than brain but still vitally important to normal nervous system function; two primary roles: • Serves as a relay station and as an intermediate p ...
Integrated model of visual processing
... human visual system [32]. This is due to the separation in a feedforward model between the operations of segmentation, done first with a local analysis at the low levels, and interpretation that is achieved when a more global view of the entire scene is encoded. In other words, segmenting a visual s ...
... human visual system [32]. This is due to the separation in a feedforward model between the operations of segmentation, done first with a local analysis at the low levels, and interpretation that is achieved when a more global view of the entire scene is encoded. In other words, segmenting a visual s ...
Complementary roles of basal ganglia and cerebellum in learning
... plasticity is strongly modulated by dopamine [45,46,47•], it remains to be clarified whether there are different plastic mechanisms in different compartments. Reward-related activities have also been found in frontal cortices, including dorsolateral prefrontal cortex [48], orbitofrontal cortex [49], ...
... plasticity is strongly modulated by dopamine [45,46,47•], it remains to be clarified whether there are different plastic mechanisms in different compartments. Reward-related activities have also been found in frontal cortices, including dorsolateral prefrontal cortex [48], orbitofrontal cortex [49], ...
Relative timing: from behaviour to neurons
... relationship between events is critical, but the events are not experienced as discrete, and the perceptual quality is typically distinct from that of the individual events. Typically, these phenomena require very brief temporal intervals between the underlying events, on the order of tens of millis ...
... relationship between events is critical, but the events are not experienced as discrete, and the perceptual quality is typically distinct from that of the individual events. Typically, these phenomena require very brief temporal intervals between the underlying events, on the order of tens of millis ...
PROJECTIONS OF THE AMYGDALOID BODY TO THE INSULAR
... The claustrum prepiriforme -- endopiriform nucleus - is basically not a part of the amygddoid body. Its connectioizs with the insular cortex are mentioned here only owing to close topo;graphical relations with nuclei of the amygdala. Connections of the clanstrum prepiriforme in the cat were describ ...
... The claustrum prepiriforme -- endopiriform nucleus - is basically not a part of the amygddoid body. Its connectioizs with the insular cortex are mentioned here only owing to close topo;graphical relations with nuclei of the amygdala. Connections of the clanstrum prepiriforme in the cat were describ ...
recognition memory: what are the roles of the perirhinal cortex and
... remember only one stimulus at a time. First, under these conditions, neuronal activity related to a prior stimulus occurs in the delay before an animal must make a familiarity discrimination about that stimulus22,34,41,46. Second, if an animal has been trained to expect rewards for repetitions of a ...
... remember only one stimulus at a time. First, under these conditions, neuronal activity related to a prior stimulus occurs in the delay before an animal must make a familiarity discrimination about that stimulus22,34,41,46. Second, if an animal has been trained to expect rewards for repetitions of a ...
Emotion, Cognition, and Mental State Representation in Amygdala
... thoughts, physiological responses, and behaviors that constitute emotion are part of an ongoing feedback loop that alters the dynamic, ever-fluctuating brain state and generates new mental states from moment to moment. How do mental states that integrate emotion and cognition arise from the activity ...
... thoughts, physiological responses, and behaviors that constitute emotion are part of an ongoing feedback loop that alters the dynamic, ever-fluctuating brain state and generates new mental states from moment to moment. How do mental states that integrate emotion and cognition arise from the activity ...
Neuronal basis of contrast discrimination
... Psychophysical contrast increment thresholds were compared with neuronal responses, inferred from functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to test the hypothesis that contrast discrimination judgements are limited by neuronal signals in early visual cortical areas. FMRI was used to measure human ...
... Psychophysical contrast increment thresholds were compared with neuronal responses, inferred from functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to test the hypothesis that contrast discrimination judgements are limited by neuronal signals in early visual cortical areas. FMRI was used to measure human ...
Hierarchical somatosensory processing
... [61] and for the bilateral joints [1,2,65]. Taoka e[crL ((23”]; hl Taoka, T Toda, Y Iwamura, Sot ;‘vpuro.k Abstr 1997, 23: 1007) have shown that the RF properties of bilateral neurons are more complex in the anterior bank of IPS (the majority in area 5) than in the crown of the postcentral gyrus, su ...
... [61] and for the bilateral joints [1,2,65]. Taoka e[crL ((23”]; hl Taoka, T Toda, Y Iwamura, Sot ;‘vpuro.k Abstr 1997, 23: 1007) have shown that the RF properties of bilateral neurons are more complex in the anterior bank of IPS (the majority in area 5) than in the crown of the postcentral gyrus, su ...
This article was originally published in the
... its strong connections to limbic regions, which are thought to be important for reward processing. These connections may serve as a gateway by which reward-related information is integrated with executive processes controlling the allocation of attention. A final set of important connections is that ...
... its strong connections to limbic regions, which are thought to be important for reward processing. These connections may serve as a gateway by which reward-related information is integrated with executive processes controlling the allocation of attention. A final set of important connections is that ...
- Journal of Adolescent Health
... In human studies of patients with Cushing’s disease, characterized by excessive release of cortisol over long periods, hippocampal volume reductions on neuroimaging have been demonstrated and correlated to deficits in verbal declarative memory [13]. Similarly, in patients with epilepsy who underwent ...
... In human studies of patients with Cushing’s disease, characterized by excessive release of cortisol over long periods, hippocampal volume reductions on neuroimaging have been demonstrated and correlated to deficits in verbal declarative memory [13]. Similarly, in patients with epilepsy who underwent ...
Striate cortex increases contrast gain of macaque LGN neurons
... jected forward (Mumford, 1992; Rao & Ballard, 1999). In discussing the latter predictive model with applicability to both corticofugal and corticocortical recurrent projections, Koch and Poggio (1999) note that “it will be critical to unravel the precise function of corticocortical feedback projecti ...
... jected forward (Mumford, 1992; Rao & Ballard, 1999). In discussing the latter predictive model with applicability to both corticofugal and corticocortical recurrent projections, Koch and Poggio (1999) note that “it will be critical to unravel the precise function of corticocortical feedback projecti ...
Multisensory contributions to low-level, `unisensory` processing
... [49] and elsewhere [58] reinforce the notion that cortical processing per se represents a collaboration between new sensory input and ongoing cortical processes. At some point, our basic understanding of ‘low level (uni)sensory processing’ will have to incorporate these facts. ...
... [49] and elsewhere [58] reinforce the notion that cortical processing per se represents a collaboration between new sensory input and ongoing cortical processes. At some point, our basic understanding of ‘low level (uni)sensory processing’ will have to incorporate these facts. ...
Current Opinion in Neurobiology (2004)
... from recent human imaging studies [34,35,36]. In one study [34], amygdala activation was related to presentation of visual signals for pleasant odors early in training, but this response habituated over training, whereas medial OFC activity associated with those visual cues was maintained. Ano ...
... from recent human imaging studies [34,35,36]. In one study [34], amygdala activation was related to presentation of visual signals for pleasant odors early in training, but this response habituated over training, whereas medial OFC activity associated with those visual cues was maintained. Ano ...
Auditory Brain Development in Children with Hearing Loss – Part Two
... plains why people who are born deaf without sufficient access The results of Dr. Kral’s studies (along with the research of to auditory stimuli develop exceptionally adept abilities in some others) suggest that when the brain does not have access to areas that involve other sensory functions (e.g., ...
... plains why people who are born deaf without sufficient access The results of Dr. Kral’s studies (along with the research of to auditory stimuli develop exceptionally adept abilities in some others) suggest that when the brain does not have access to areas that involve other sensory functions (e.g., ...
PubMed Central CANADA
... For comparison to the internal tasks, we used two externally-driven tasks that would be expected to reduce activity in the DN (a sensorimotor control task and a vowel detection task). For these tasks we also used trait descriptors to ensure similar input and output characteristics, varying only the ...
... For comparison to the internal tasks, we used two externally-driven tasks that would be expected to reduce activity in the DN (a sensorimotor control task and a vowel detection task). For these tasks we also used trait descriptors to ensure similar input and output characteristics, varying only the ...
Chapter 5 Learning to attend in primary visual cortex
... Previous studies on the effects of learning on activity in visual cortex usually investigated the effects of extensive training protocols where animals were trained across many days (Kobatake et al. 1998; Schoups 2001; Schwartz et al 2002; Lee et al 2002; Furmanski et al 2004; Sigman and Gilbert 200 ...
... Previous studies on the effects of learning on activity in visual cortex usually investigated the effects of extensive training protocols where animals were trained across many days (Kobatake et al. 1998; Schoups 2001; Schwartz et al 2002; Lee et al 2002; Furmanski et al 2004; Sigman and Gilbert 200 ...
Chapter 2 Intrinsic Dynamics of an Excitatory
... considered here. Features specific to each of the functions, were also observed. For example, in the case of piecewise linear functions, border-collision bifurcations and multifractal fragmentation of the phase spaceoccurred for a range of parameter values. Anti-symmetric activation functions show a ...
... considered here. Features specific to each of the functions, were also observed. For example, in the case of piecewise linear functions, border-collision bifurcations and multifractal fragmentation of the phase spaceoccurred for a range of parameter values. Anti-symmetric activation functions show a ...
Human Neural Systems for Face Recognition and Social
... The cognitive development of face perception also suggests a special status for face perception. Infants prefer to look at faces rather than other objects, beginning shortly after birth (Morton and Johnson 1991). The predilection of infants to imitate facial expressions at a very early age further s ...
... The cognitive development of face perception also suggests a special status for face perception. Infants prefer to look at faces rather than other objects, beginning shortly after birth (Morton and Johnson 1991). The predilection of infants to imitate facial expressions at a very early age further s ...
Cholinergic Deafferentation of the Entorhinal Cortex in Rats
... mnemonic demands produced by prolonged delays between the sample stimuli and choice and by the introduction of lists of multiple samples followed by a sequence of choice trials. Rats were given six trials at each delay (15, 30, 60, 180 min) and two tests with each list length (3, 5, 10, 15 items). O ...
... mnemonic demands produced by prolonged delays between the sample stimuli and choice and by the introduction of lists of multiple samples followed by a sequence of choice trials. Rats were given six trials at each delay (15, 30, 60, 180 min) and two tests with each list length (3, 5, 10, 15 items). O ...
Decision Making in Recurrent Neuronal Circuits
... an avoidance behavior, depending on whether an ambiguous moving object is perceived as prey or a predator (Ewert, 1997); or an archerfish, by watching a prey’s initial condition, quickly (within 100 ms) decides on the course of action in order to catch the prey (Schlegel and Schuster, 2008). In rode ...
... an avoidance behavior, depending on whether an ambiguous moving object is perceived as prey or a predator (Ewert, 1997); or an archerfish, by watching a prey’s initial condition, quickly (within 100 ms) decides on the course of action in order to catch the prey (Schlegel and Schuster, 2008). In rode ...
Contributions to the Understanding of the Neural Bases of
... So, consciousness is a function of numerous interacting systems. Certainly, without higher brain stem and diencephalic integration it cannot exist. In fact, consciousness is not a single process but a collection of many processes, such as those associated with language, thinking, memory, emotion, fe ...
... So, consciousness is a function of numerous interacting systems. Certainly, without higher brain stem and diencephalic integration it cannot exist. In fact, consciousness is not a single process but a collection of many processes, such as those associated with language, thinking, memory, emotion, fe ...
Executive functions
Executive functions (also known as cognitive control and supervisory attentional system) is an umbrella term for the management (regulation, control) of cognitive processes, including working memory, reasoning, task flexibility, and problem solving as well as planning and execution.The executive system is a theorized cognitive system in psychology that controls and manages other cognitive processes, such as executive functions. The prefrontal areas of the frontal lobe are necessary but not solely sufficient for carrying out these functions.