Neurophysiology - American Physiological Society
... types of sensory receptors serving the Dorsal Column-Medial Lemniscus system and the spinothalamic system, respectively. NEU 48. Describe the steps in sensory transduction and action potential generation at a mechanoreceptor and at a nociceptor. NEU 49. Use the Weber-Fechner Law to determine the rel ...
... types of sensory receptors serving the Dorsal Column-Medial Lemniscus system and the spinothalamic system, respectively. NEU 48. Describe the steps in sensory transduction and action potential generation at a mechanoreceptor and at a nociceptor. NEU 49. Use the Weber-Fechner Law to determine the rel ...
NEURAL MECHANISMS SUPPORTING THE LEARNING
... as well as insular cortex, and subgenual and pregenual regions of the ACC (Phillips et al., 2003). The ventral system also includes subcortical brain structures such as the amygdala, ventral striatum, thalamus, and hypothalamus (Phillips et al., 2003). The ventral system is essential in the assessme ...
... as well as insular cortex, and subgenual and pregenual regions of the ACC (Phillips et al., 2003). The ventral system also includes subcortical brain structures such as the amygdala, ventral striatum, thalamus, and hypothalamus (Phillips et al., 2003). The ventral system is essential in the assessme ...
Leptin Signaling in the Nucleus Tractus Solitarii
... area postrema. Leptin signaling in the NTS produces a strikingly different pattern of sympathetic responses than that emanating from leptin signaling in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus in our previous study.17 The current study adds to evidence for functional leptin receptors in the NTS and thereby ...
... area postrema. Leptin signaling in the NTS produces a strikingly different pattern of sympathetic responses than that emanating from leptin signaling in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus in our previous study.17 The current study adds to evidence for functional leptin receptors in the NTS and thereby ...
Versican Expression During Embryonic Development in the Mouse
... Versican and other proteoglycans are degraded by a family of A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase with ThromboSpondin motifs (ADAMTS) proteinases [43],[44],[45]. Cleavage of V1 versican by ADAMTS-1, -4, -5, and -9 results in an approximately 70 kilodalton fragment containing the neoepitope sequence D ...
... Versican and other proteoglycans are degraded by a family of A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase with ThromboSpondin motifs (ADAMTS) proteinases [43],[44],[45]. Cleavage of V1 versican by ADAMTS-1, -4, -5, and -9 results in an approximately 70 kilodalton fragment containing the neoepitope sequence D ...
Normal sleep and circadian rhythms: Neurobiologic mechanisms
... movements, recorded through electro-oculogram (EOG); and brain activity, recorded through electroencephalogram (EEG) [1]. The clinical polysomnogram, the purpose of which is to detect findings that are characteristic of certain sleep disorders, includes, in addition to these three variables, the fo ...
... movements, recorded through electro-oculogram (EOG); and brain activity, recorded through electroencephalogram (EEG) [1]. The clinical polysomnogram, the purpose of which is to detect findings that are characteristic of certain sleep disorders, includes, in addition to these three variables, the fo ...
Behavioural Brain Research Ventral pallidum roles in reward and
... Importantly, the ‘thalamic preparation’ may damage the ventral pallidum, which is part of the telencephalon, raising the possibility that ventral pallidum damage might similarly be responsible for the thalamic animal’s aversion to sucrose. The importance to positive hedonic reactions of a ventral te ...
... Importantly, the ‘thalamic preparation’ may damage the ventral pallidum, which is part of the telencephalon, raising the possibility that ventral pallidum damage might similarly be responsible for the thalamic animal’s aversion to sucrose. The importance to positive hedonic reactions of a ventral te ...
Orbital position dependency is different for the gain of externally and
... in¯uence of the orbital position on the amplitude and velocity of the saccade. Centrifugal saccades generally have a smaller gain and a slower peak eye velocity than centripetal saccades of the same desired amplitude. This difference may be related to the mechanical properties of the tissue around t ...
... in¯uence of the orbital position on the amplitude and velocity of the saccade. Centrifugal saccades generally have a smaller gain and a slower peak eye velocity than centripetal saccades of the same desired amplitude. This difference may be related to the mechanical properties of the tissue around t ...
Interaction of the Frontal Eye Field and Superior Colliculus for
... of the direct pathway were substantial, removal of the SC should have minimal effect on the FEF stimulation, whereas if the FEF stimulation were dependent on the SC, removal of the SC should alter the effect of FEF stimulation. By acutely inactivating the SC, instead of ablating it, we were able to ...
... of the direct pathway were substantial, removal of the SC should have minimal effect on the FEF stimulation, whereas if the FEF stimulation were dependent on the SC, removal of the SC should alter the effect of FEF stimulation. By acutely inactivating the SC, instead of ablating it, we were able to ...
Cholinergic Cells and Pathways
... Their studies led them to define two pathways. The first is “the ascending cholinergic reticular system . . . arising . . . from reticular and tegmental nuclei of the brainstem, and from comparable groups of cells in the fore-brain” and extending to thalamus, subcortical, and cortical areas, hypothala ...
... Their studies led them to define two pathways. The first is “the ascending cholinergic reticular system . . . arising . . . from reticular and tegmental nuclei of the brainstem, and from comparable groups of cells in the fore-brain” and extending to thalamus, subcortical, and cortical areas, hypothala ...
REM Sleep - Test Page
... authors have described this state as "activated" sleep, or "dream" sleep. Recent work in humans has shown that some mental activity can be present in non-REM sleep but has supported the original finding linking our most vivid dreams to the REM sleep state.1 Most early work was done in cats, and it i ...
... authors have described this state as "activated" sleep, or "dream" sleep. Recent work in humans has shown that some mental activity can be present in non-REM sleep but has supported the original finding linking our most vivid dreams to the REM sleep state.1 Most early work was done in cats, and it i ...
stimulant treatment history predicts frontal-striatal
... their concerns about (over-‐) diagnosis and, perhaps even more so, (over-‐)medicating of youth with ADHD, causing intense debate. Distress about the potential neurotoxic effect of ADHD-‐medications is bolstered by popular reports comparing them with ...
... their concerns about (over-‐) diagnosis and, perhaps even more so, (over-‐)medicating of youth with ADHD, causing intense debate. Distress about the potential neurotoxic effect of ADHD-‐medications is bolstered by popular reports comparing them with ...
Histamine in the Nervous System
... traction of smooth muscles in the gut and vasodilatation (130). The stimulation of acid secretion in the stomach (582) was also recognized early. Feldberg (172) demonstrated histamine release from mast cells in the lungs during anaphylactic shock causing constriction of the bronchi. The presence of ...
... traction of smooth muscles in the gut and vasodilatation (130). The stimulation of acid secretion in the stomach (582) was also recognized early. Feldberg (172) demonstrated histamine release from mast cells in the lungs during anaphylactic shock causing constriction of the bronchi. The presence of ...
Full-Text PDF
... exerts influence on oedema formation and the amount of secondary damage after cerebral ischemia and haemorrhage. This influence is exerted in a dosage dependent manner [65]. Paradoxically, endogenous neuroprotective mechanisms can be triggered by intracerebral infusion of a low dose of thrombin (thr ...
... exerts influence on oedema formation and the amount of secondary damage after cerebral ischemia and haemorrhage. This influence is exerted in a dosage dependent manner [65]. Paradoxically, endogenous neuroprotective mechanisms can be triggered by intracerebral infusion of a low dose of thrombin (thr ...
Muscle tone regulation during REM sleep
... indicate that the subcoeruleus neurons may form the ‘REM generator’ in the brainstem. The subcoeruleus has been the focus of many other sleep researchers investigating REM sleep mechanisms, although a variety of names such as peri-locus coeruleus alpha, peribrachial region and pontine inhibitory reg ...
... indicate that the subcoeruleus neurons may form the ‘REM generator’ in the brainstem. The subcoeruleus has been the focus of many other sleep researchers investigating REM sleep mechanisms, although a variety of names such as peri-locus coeruleus alpha, peribrachial region and pontine inhibitory reg ...
sleep disturbances associated with neuropsychiatric disease
... a troubled mind, an intrusion of mental activity into the quiescence of sleep. Historically, this vein has fueled much of the interest in the relationship between sleep and mental disorders until the discovery of electrophysiologically defined sleep stages, particularly rapid eye movement (REM) slee ...
... a troubled mind, an intrusion of mental activity into the quiescence of sleep. Historically, this vein has fueled much of the interest in the relationship between sleep and mental disorders until the discovery of electrophysiologically defined sleep stages, particularly rapid eye movement (REM) slee ...
1
... ADHD neuropsychological deficits. For that purpose, two structural MRI studies will be presented and discussed (Carmona et al. 2005; Tremols et al. 2008). The differential contributions of these studies, which represent a novelty and an improvement of previous ADHD studies, are: a) the application f ...
... ADHD neuropsychological deficits. For that purpose, two structural MRI studies will be presented and discussed (Carmona et al. 2005; Tremols et al. 2008). The differential contributions of these studies, which represent a novelty and an improvement of previous ADHD studies, are: a) the application f ...
Why We Sleep: The Temporal Organization of
... slow-wave sleep. Slow waves reflect synchronization of periods of neuronal depolarization/high firing (up-phase) followed by periods of hyperpolarization (down phase) within large areas of the cortex. Slow-wave sleep intensity is often measured by EEG power in the delta frequency range. REM sleep is a ...
... slow-wave sleep. Slow waves reflect synchronization of periods of neuronal depolarization/high firing (up-phase) followed by periods of hyperpolarization (down phase) within large areas of the cortex. Slow-wave sleep intensity is often measured by EEG power in the delta frequency range. REM sleep is a ...
Zebrafish Get Connected: Investigating Neurotransmission Targets
... named according to selective agonists and each class is made up of multiple gene families which code for individual receptor subunits. The NMDA class receptor has seven genes which code for glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunits (GRIN, also known as glutamatergic ionotropic NDMA type; GLuN ...
... named according to selective agonists and each class is made up of multiple gene families which code for individual receptor subunits. The NMDA class receptor has seven genes which code for glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunits (GRIN, also known as glutamatergic ionotropic NDMA type; GLuN ...
Understanding Adult ADD
... Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (AD/HD). (Confusingly, even though the APA recognizes that some people with the disorder are not hyperactive, it continues to include the word hyperactivity ...
... Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (AD/HD). (Confusingly, even though the APA recognizes that some people with the disorder are not hyperactive, it continues to include the word hyperactivity ...
Neuronal uptake and propagation of a rare phosphorylated high-molecular-weight tau
... 50,000 or 150,000g, and applied the supernatant to mouse primary cortical neurons. The uptake of tau was assessed by immunofluorescence labelling of intracellular human tau. After 24 h, human tau uptake was observed in neurons treated with 3,000 and 10,000g brain extracts, which presumably contained ...
... 50,000 or 150,000g, and applied the supernatant to mouse primary cortical neurons. The uptake of tau was assessed by immunofluorescence labelling of intracellular human tau. After 24 h, human tau uptake was observed in neurons treated with 3,000 and 10,000g brain extracts, which presumably contained ...
Extracellular Glutamate, Glutamine, and GABA in the Hippocampus
... to Dr. J. Dziura and H. Liu of the Yale Center for Clinical Investigation for their invaluable statistical assistance. We thank D. Ocame, W. Kassoff, M. Cassaday, and S. Forselius for their assistance in microdialysis sample collection and HPLC analysis. We are also grateful to Dr. D. Spencer and th ...
... to Dr. J. Dziura and H. Liu of the Yale Center for Clinical Investigation for their invaluable statistical assistance. We thank D. Ocame, W. Kassoff, M. Cassaday, and S. Forselius for their assistance in microdialysis sample collection and HPLC analysis. We are also grateful to Dr. D. Spencer and th ...
Limbic systems for emotion and for memory, but no
... (‘stimuluseresponse’) behaviour, and the ACC for actioneoutcome learning (The ‘outcome’ is the reward or punisher that is or is not obtained when the action is performed.). The ACC contains representations of reward and punisher value, and thus of outcome, which are essential for learning associatio ...
... (‘stimuluseresponse’) behaviour, and the ACC for actioneoutcome learning (The ‘outcome’ is the reward or punisher that is or is not obtained when the action is performed.). The ACC contains representations of reward and punisher value, and thus of outcome, which are essential for learning associatio ...
Changes in Resting-State Functional Connectivity Following Delay
... and UCS information converges. Plasticity in the BLA is critical for fear conditioning (Romanski, Clugnet, Bordi & LeDoux, 1993). The central nucleus (CeA) of the amygdala is also an important structure involved in fear learning. The CeA is the primary output structure of the amygdala (Veening, Swan ...
... and UCS information converges. Plasticity in the BLA is critical for fear conditioning (Romanski, Clugnet, Bordi & LeDoux, 1993). The central nucleus (CeA) of the amygdala is also an important structure involved in fear learning. The CeA is the primary output structure of the amygdala (Veening, Swan ...
PDF - Bentham Open
... to participants with high trait anxiety during cued fear conditioning [34]. In contrast, individuals with high trait anxiety showed a diminished vmPFC response that was associated with greater fear conditioned SCRs compared to participants with low trait anxiety [34]. Further, our prior work has dem ...
... to participants with high trait anxiety during cued fear conditioning [34]. In contrast, individuals with high trait anxiety showed a diminished vmPFC response that was associated with greater fear conditioned SCRs compared to participants with low trait anxiety [34]. Further, our prior work has dem ...