Effects of Residual Inhibition Phenomenon on Early Auditory Evoked
... It could be possible (with no certainty) that the neural mechanisms which are involved in RI phenomenon, are similar to (or overlap with) those that cause generation of tinnitus (Roberts, 2007). By accepting aforesaid hypothesis, understanding neural mechanisms involved in RI can create a new horizo ...
... It could be possible (with no certainty) that the neural mechanisms which are involved in RI phenomenon, are similar to (or overlap with) those that cause generation of tinnitus (Roberts, 2007). By accepting aforesaid hypothesis, understanding neural mechanisms involved in RI can create a new horizo ...
Muscimol-Induced Inactivation of Monkey Frontal Eye Field: Effects
... a network of cortical and subcortical areas that controls eye movements. Removal of one component of the network causes an initial deficit that soon is compensated for by the remainder of the network. When several nodes within the network are removed, however, the deficits become more permanent. In ...
... a network of cortical and subcortical areas that controls eye movements. Removal of one component of the network causes an initial deficit that soon is compensated for by the remainder of the network. When several nodes within the network are removed, however, the deficits become more permanent. In ...
Neurophysiology - American Physiological Society
... receptor membrane, peripheral axon process, central axon process, soma, sensory ganglia. NEU 3. Write the Nernst equation, and explain the effects of altering the intracellular or extracellular Na+, K+, Cl-, or Ca2+ concentration on the equilibrium potential for that ion. NEU 4. Describe the normal ...
... receptor membrane, peripheral axon process, central axon process, soma, sensory ganglia. NEU 3. Write the Nernst equation, and explain the effects of altering the intracellular or extracellular Na+, K+, Cl-, or Ca2+ concentration on the equilibrium potential for that ion. NEU 4. Describe the normal ...
Understanding the process of multisensory integration
... reexamine this process. The result, detailed in Chapter 2, was a new model that can accurately predict a neuron’s multisensory response on a moment-by-moment basis as it evolves, with only knowledge of its responses to the individual component cues. ...
... reexamine this process. The result, detailed in Chapter 2, was a new model that can accurately predict a neuron’s multisensory response on a moment-by-moment basis as it evolves, with only knowledge of its responses to the individual component cues. ...
Neck Muscle Responses to Stimulation of Monkey Superior
... and 1,500 ms. SC stimulation (variable duration, described in the following text) was delivered on 80 –90% of all trials between 500 and 1,000 ms after the onset of fixation. Stimulation was delivered either while the FP remained visible (fixation trials; 40 – 45% of all trials) or 200 ms after the ...
... and 1,500 ms. SC stimulation (variable duration, described in the following text) was delivered on 80 –90% of all trials between 500 and 1,000 ms after the onset of fixation. Stimulation was delivered either while the FP remained visible (fixation trials; 40 – 45% of all trials) or 200 ms after the ...
neuronal reward and decision signals: from theories to data
... mediated by neuronal reward prediction error signals which implement basic constructs of reinforcement learning theory. These signals are found in dopamine neurons, which emit a global reward signal to striatum and frontal cortex, and in specific neurons in striatum, amygdala, and frontal cortex pro ...
... mediated by neuronal reward prediction error signals which implement basic constructs of reinforcement learning theory. These signals are found in dopamine neurons, which emit a global reward signal to striatum and frontal cortex, and in specific neurons in striatum, amygdala, and frontal cortex pro ...
Cholinergic Cells and Pathways
... with projection and augmenting activity as they pointed out that ACh-sensitive cortical cells respond to thalamic or peripheral sensory stimulation with repetitive after-discharges and changes in the EEG. These notions were supported by the finding of Frank (Hank) MacIntosh and Paul Oborin (1953) of ...
... with projection and augmenting activity as they pointed out that ACh-sensitive cortical cells respond to thalamic or peripheral sensory stimulation with repetitive after-discharges and changes in the EEG. These notions were supported by the finding of Frank (Hank) MacIntosh and Paul Oborin (1953) of ...
Primary- and Secondary-Like Jaw-Muscle Spindle Afferents Have
... posterior surfaces of the cerebellum were removed, and warmed mineral oil was applied to the surface of the brain stem and cerebellar cortex. Before electrophysiological recording, chlorpromazine (150 mg/kg) was administered to suppress background fusimotor activity (Cody et al. 1972), and a pneumot ...
... posterior surfaces of the cerebellum were removed, and warmed mineral oil was applied to the surface of the brain stem and cerebellar cortex. Before electrophysiological recording, chlorpromazine (150 mg/kg) was administered to suppress background fusimotor activity (Cody et al. 1972), and a pneumot ...
2017
... attended an interview at the Department of Communication and Neuroscience at Keele University during which he was persuaded to switch systems and work on the physiology of hearing with Ted Evans. The early 1970s were exciting times in auditory science with an explosion of pioneering measurements on ...
... attended an interview at the Department of Communication and Neuroscience at Keele University during which he was persuaded to switch systems and work on the physiology of hearing with Ted Evans. The early 1970s were exciting times in auditory science with an explosion of pioneering measurements on ...
The Anatomy of the Posterior Commissure
... reference to the pupilloconstrictory pathway via the posterior commissure was also reported (14). All these studies were related to the light reflex function of the posterior commissure which was already known. We also observed the posterior commissure to connect the right and left pretectal regions ...
... reference to the pupilloconstrictory pathway via the posterior commissure was also reported (14). All these studies were related to the light reflex function of the posterior commissure which was already known. We also observed the posterior commissure to connect the right and left pretectal regions ...
The circadian visual system, 2005
... explored to date, if a photic stimulus is sufficient to produce a maximal phase shift, more photons at the same time or up to 2 h later have no additional effect on phase shift magnitude (Nelson and Takahashi, 1999). In such cases, the circadian system is deemed to be “saturated” with respect to its ...
... explored to date, if a photic stimulus is sufficient to produce a maximal phase shift, more photons at the same time or up to 2 h later have no additional effect on phase shift magnitude (Nelson and Takahashi, 1999). In such cases, the circadian system is deemed to be “saturated” with respect to its ...
Selective stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus in Parkinson`s
... the cortico-basal ganglia thalamo-cortical circuit, the STN plays an important role in not only motor, but also in cognitive and limbic processes. Classically the STN is divided into three subregions: a motor, limbic and associative part (Hamani, et al., 2004, Temel, et al., 2005). The STN neuronal ...
... the cortico-basal ganglia thalamo-cortical circuit, the STN plays an important role in not only motor, but also in cognitive and limbic processes. Classically the STN is divided into three subregions: a motor, limbic and associative part (Hamani, et al., 2004, Temel, et al., 2005). The STN neuronal ...
Local Field Potentials Related to Bimanual Movements in the
... potentials in motor cortex has focused on the relationship of synchronous oscillations to movement and to single unit activity (Sanes and Donoghue, 1993;Eckhorn and Obermueller, 1993;Murthy and Fetz, 1996a;Baker et al., 1999), but the character of the evoked potential in this area and its relationsh ...
... potentials in motor cortex has focused on the relationship of synchronous oscillations to movement and to single unit activity (Sanes and Donoghue, 1993;Eckhorn and Obermueller, 1993;Murthy and Fetz, 1996a;Baker et al., 1999), but the character of the evoked potential in this area and its relationsh ...
to the Proceedings
... The classic view of sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) is that the “primary” targets are hair cells, and that cochlear-nerve loss occurs only “secondary” to hair cell degeneration. Our work has challenged that view. In noise-induced hearing loss, exposures causing only reversible threshold shifts (an ...
... The classic view of sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) is that the “primary” targets are hair cells, and that cochlear-nerve loss occurs only “secondary” to hair cell degeneration. Our work has challenged that view. In noise-induced hearing loss, exposures causing only reversible threshold shifts (an ...
Structure and dynamics of the corticothalamic driver pathway in the
... distributed, non-linear and dynamic process. Following sensory receptor activation the signal travels through many brain regions wherein the pathway is split, loops back onto itself and joins together with others. At each step, neurons dynamically transform and filter the signal. To understand how t ...
... distributed, non-linear and dynamic process. Following sensory receptor activation the signal travels through many brain regions wherein the pathway is split, loops back onto itself and joins together with others. At each step, neurons dynamically transform and filter the signal. To understand how t ...
NEURAL MECHANISMS SUPPORTING THE LEARNING
... discriminative control over the UCR (Baxter, 1966; Kimmel, 1967; Knight et al., 2010; Marcos & Redondo, 1999). Others have suggested that conscious expectations modify UCR expression (Dunsmoor et al., 2008; Knight et al., 2010; Rust, 1976). For example, greater UCR diminution has been observed when ...
... discriminative control over the UCR (Baxter, 1966; Kimmel, 1967; Knight et al., 2010; Marcos & Redondo, 1999). Others have suggested that conscious expectations modify UCR expression (Dunsmoor et al., 2008; Knight et al., 2010; Rust, 1976). For example, greater UCR diminution has been observed when ...
Different Orientation Tuning of Near- and Far
... the minimum response field (mRF) were carefully located quantitatively using a grating patch of 0.2° diameter. The area of the mRF was defined as the visual field region in which the small grating patch elicited a response at least 2 SDs above the spontaneous rate, and the geometric center of this a ...
... the minimum response field (mRF) were carefully located quantitatively using a grating patch of 0.2° diameter. The area of the mRF was defined as the visual field region in which the small grating patch elicited a response at least 2 SDs above the spontaneous rate, and the geometric center of this a ...
Auditory Pathways and Processes
... behavioral responses to auditory and visual inputs (Pastor et al., 2008). The basal ganglia have been identified as having a role in processing auditory signal aspects of speech (Kotz, Schwartze, & Schmidt-Kassow, 2009), particularly timing. Efferent pathways, thought to be part of a feedback loop t ...
... behavioral responses to auditory and visual inputs (Pastor et al., 2008). The basal ganglia have been identified as having a role in processing auditory signal aspects of speech (Kotz, Schwartze, & Schmidt-Kassow, 2009), particularly timing. Efferent pathways, thought to be part of a feedback loop t ...
Inhibitory Gating of Basolateral Amygdala Inputs to the Prefrontal
... Carter, 2013). However, the overall influence of BLA inputs could be inhibitory if connections are stronger onto local GABAergic interneurons. The PFC also possesses a variety of GABAergic interneurons, which have distinct morphological and physiological properties, including parvalbumin (PV) and so ...
... Carter, 2013). However, the overall influence of BLA inputs could be inhibitory if connections are stronger onto local GABAergic interneurons. The PFC also possesses a variety of GABAergic interneurons, which have distinct morphological and physiological properties, including parvalbumin (PV) and so ...
Contrast-dependence of surround suppression in
... the region outside the sRFlow. Feedforward connections (green) to V1 from the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) are commensurate with the sRFhigh of V1 neurons (Angelucci and Sainsbury, 2006). Intra-areal V1 horizontal connections (red) are commensurate with the sRFlow, while extrastriate feedback co ...
... the region outside the sRFlow. Feedforward connections (green) to V1 from the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) are commensurate with the sRFhigh of V1 neurons (Angelucci and Sainsbury, 2006). Intra-areal V1 horizontal connections (red) are commensurate with the sRFlow, while extrastriate feedback co ...
Different adrenal sympathetic preganglionic
... square wave pulses. The following two stimulus paradigms were used: 1) a short burst of three pulses, 6-ms interpulse interval, 20–100 A, 1 ms duration, 0.25 Hz and 2) highfrequency train of 20 Hz for 3 s, 1 ms duration, 20–100 A. Natural stimulation of the baroreceptors was produced by the rise i ...
... square wave pulses. The following two stimulus paradigms were used: 1) a short burst of three pulses, 6-ms interpulse interval, 20–100 A, 1 ms duration, 0.25 Hz and 2) highfrequency train of 20 Hz for 3 s, 1 ms duration, 20–100 A. Natural stimulation of the baroreceptors was produced by the rise i ...
view - E-LIB Bremen - Universität Bremen
... found that the predictions of this model very often were wrong. Particularily illuminating tests of spSTDP have been conducted by Froemke and Dan [25] and Wang and colleagues [26]. They used spike triplets consisting of either a pre-, then a post-, then again a presynaptic spike with equal time diffe ...
... found that the predictions of this model very often were wrong. Particularily illuminating tests of spSTDP have been conducted by Froemke and Dan [25] and Wang and colleagues [26]. They used spike triplets consisting of either a pre-, then a post-, then again a presynaptic spike with equal time diffe ...
... However, a recent 10 year follow-up study indicated that 35% of paediatric patients still meet criteria and it’s been estimated that affects between 3 and 7% of adult population. Even thought the exact neurobiological substrate of ADHD still unclear, genetic, preclinical and clinical studies point t ...
The Placebo Effect: A Psychosocial and Neurobiological Review
... response alone was naloxone insensitive. Thus, when ketorolac (US; a non-‐opioid analgesic) was used to inhibit pain (UR) and subsequently replaced with placebo (CS), the analgesic effect tha ...
... response alone was naloxone insensitive. Thus, when ketorolac (US; a non-‐opioid analgesic) was used to inhibit pain (UR) and subsequently replaced with placebo (CS), the analgesic effect tha ...
Functional Organization of the Gustatory System in the Brains of
... This reproduction was made from a copy of a m anuscript sent to u s for publication and microfilming. While the m ost advanced technology has been used to pho tograph and reproduce this m anuscript, the quality of the reproduction is heavily dependent upon the quality of the material submitted. Pag ...
... This reproduction was made from a copy of a m anuscript sent to u s for publication and microfilming. While the m ost advanced technology has been used to pho tograph and reproduce this m anuscript, the quality of the reproduction is heavily dependent upon the quality of the material submitted. Pag ...