Spatial Organization of Facial Vibrissae and Cortical Barrels in the
... Extracellular recordings and tactile stimuli The multielectrode array used consisted of regular tungsten-in-glass electrodes (0.2–0.8 MV at 1 kHz) and combined electrodes that each contained a tungsten electrode (0.2–0.8 MV at 1 kHz) surrounded by six micropipettes with orifice diameters of 1–4 µm ( ...
... Extracellular recordings and tactile stimuli The multielectrode array used consisted of regular tungsten-in-glass electrodes (0.2–0.8 MV at 1 kHz) and combined electrodes that each contained a tungsten electrode (0.2–0.8 MV at 1 kHz) surrounded by six micropipettes with orifice diameters of 1–4 µm ( ...
Involvement of GABAergic and cholinergic medial septal neurons in
... ABSTRACT: Hippocampal theta rhythm (HPC) may be important for various phenomena, including attention and acquisition of sensory information. Two types of HPC (types I and II) exist based on pharmacological, behavioral, and electrophysiological characteristics. Both types occur during locomotion, w ...
... ABSTRACT: Hippocampal theta rhythm (HPC) may be important for various phenomena, including attention and acquisition of sensory information. Two types of HPC (types I and II) exist based on pharmacological, behavioral, and electrophysiological characteristics. Both types occur during locomotion, w ...
Abstract of “Primate frontal eye fields mediate spatial attention in
... Figure 2.8: The relationship of selection time in LFPs and spikes to LFP visual response latency..........28 Figure 2.9: Comparisons of spatial tuning in spiking activity and LFP responses recorded in the memoryguided saccade and covert visual search tasks............................................ ...
... Figure 2.8: The relationship of selection time in LFPs and spikes to LFP visual response latency..........28 Figure 2.9: Comparisons of spatial tuning in spiking activity and LFP responses recorded in the memoryguided saccade and covert visual search tasks............................................ ...
Reuss 9..48
... it should be noted that a number of methodical parameters render it difficult to draw final conclusions on certain aspects of SCN morphology. For example, day-night differences in the expression of neuroactive substances may not or only inadequately be detected when respective changes were out of ph ...
... it should be noted that a number of methodical parameters render it difficult to draw final conclusions on certain aspects of SCN morphology. For example, day-night differences in the expression of neuroactive substances may not or only inadequately be detected when respective changes were out of ph ...
Study Guides/Part_11
... Horizontal motoneurons carry both vergence and conjugate burst and tonic commands The IP (interposed nucleus) activity is a burst-tonic (velocity + positional tonic) pattern related to divergence and far accommodation The NRTP activity is a burst-tonic (velocity + positional tonic) pattern related t ...
... Horizontal motoneurons carry both vergence and conjugate burst and tonic commands The IP (interposed nucleus) activity is a burst-tonic (velocity + positional tonic) pattern related to divergence and far accommodation The NRTP activity is a burst-tonic (velocity + positional tonic) pattern related t ...
The Role of Mirror Neurons in Movement
... The characteristic feature of mirror neurons is that they modulate their firing rate during both a monkey’s own action and during observation of another individual performing a similar action. Some premotor (F5) mirror neurons have also been shown to be corticospinal neurons, meaning that spinal tar ...
... The characteristic feature of mirror neurons is that they modulate their firing rate during both a monkey’s own action and during observation of another individual performing a similar action. Some premotor (F5) mirror neurons have also been shown to be corticospinal neurons, meaning that spinal tar ...
Wild type human TDP-43 potentiates ALS-linked mutant TDP
... patterns of another 950 [23, 24]. TDP-43 has also been demonstrated to autoregulate its own RNA level [23, 25] at least in part by stimulating the excision of an intron in its 3’ untranslated region (UTR) which initiates its degradation by nonsense mediated RNA decay [23]. A number of rodent models ...
... patterns of another 950 [23, 24]. TDP-43 has also been demonstrated to autoregulate its own RNA level [23, 25] at least in part by stimulating the excision of an intron in its 3’ untranslated region (UTR) which initiates its degradation by nonsense mediated RNA decay [23]. A number of rodent models ...
Topographical organization of the pedunculopontine nucleus
... The pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN) is located in the upper brainstem and has an irregular shape delimited by the borders of its population of cholinergic neurons. The PPN has been conserved in evolution across species and is present in early mammals and amphibians (Marin et al., 1998; Grillner et al ...
... The pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN) is located in the upper brainstem and has an irregular shape delimited by the borders of its population of cholinergic neurons. The PPN has been conserved in evolution across species and is present in early mammals and amphibians (Marin et al., 1998; Grillner et al ...
Altered Resting-State Functional Connectivity of
... of BLA and CMA, cytoarchitechtonically based probability maps of the human amygdala (Amunts et al, 2005) have been used for segmenting the BLA and CMA. The BLA activity was found to be correlated extensively with temporal and frontal cortical regions whereas CMA predicted activity primarily in the s ...
... of BLA and CMA, cytoarchitechtonically based probability maps of the human amygdala (Amunts et al, 2005) have been used for segmenting the BLA and CMA. The BLA activity was found to be correlated extensively with temporal and frontal cortical regions whereas CMA predicted activity primarily in the s ...
Thalamocortical neuron loss and localized astrocytosis in the Cln3
... mice and individuals with JNCL also raise autoantibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65) that inhibit the activity of this enzyme, resulting in elevated levels of glutamate (Chattopadhyay et al., 2002). More recently, Cln3 knock-in mice (Cln3 Dex7/8 ) have been generated which accurately repr ...
... mice and individuals with JNCL also raise autoantibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65) that inhibit the activity of this enzyme, resulting in elevated levels of glutamate (Chattopadhyay et al., 2002). More recently, Cln3 knock-in mice (Cln3 Dex7/8 ) have been generated which accurately repr ...
Might the olfactory bulb be an origin of olfactory auras in focal
... rarely examined microscopically at autopsy. Neuropathological study of the olfactory bulb in humans can only be performed post-mortem, but reported autopsies of patients dying with seizures or SUDEP do not address this structure, in large part because the olfactory bulb rarely is taken for ...
... rarely examined microscopically at autopsy. Neuropathological study of the olfactory bulb in humans can only be performed post-mortem, but reported autopsies of patients dying with seizures or SUDEP do not address this structure, in large part because the olfactory bulb rarely is taken for ...
neuroanatomy - University of Toledo
... New York University, where he received his M.D. degree in 1931. During his student years, Dr. Netter’s notebook sketches attracted the attention of the medical faculty and other physicians, allowing him to augment his income by illustrating articles and textbooks. He continued illustrating as a side ...
... New York University, where he received his M.D. degree in 1931. During his student years, Dr. Netter’s notebook sketches attracted the attention of the medical faculty and other physicians, allowing him to augment his income by illustrating articles and textbooks. He continued illustrating as a side ...
Implicit Operant Learning of Pain Sens
... contribute to the endogenous pain modulation system by modulating incoming signals and particularly inhibiting nociceptive input in the spinal cord. Central to this system is the periaqueductal gray together with endogenous opioids [164]. The processing of nociceptive stimuli is differentiated in a ...
... contribute to the endogenous pain modulation system by modulating incoming signals and particularly inhibiting nociceptive input in the spinal cord. Central to this system is the periaqueductal gray together with endogenous opioids [164]. The processing of nociceptive stimuli is differentiated in a ...
Descending motor pathways and the spinal
... capitis, rectus capitis ventralis and rectus capitis lateralis), the sterno- and cleidomastoid muscles and the trapezius. All hypaxial muscles are involved in ventral and lateral flexion of head and neck The upper portion of the trapezius muscle, the clavotrapezius, overlies all dorsal neck muscles ...
... capitis, rectus capitis ventralis and rectus capitis lateralis), the sterno- and cleidomastoid muscles and the trapezius. All hypaxial muscles are involved in ventral and lateral flexion of head and neck The upper portion of the trapezius muscle, the clavotrapezius, overlies all dorsal neck muscles ...
Early and Rapid Targeting of Eye-Specific Axonal Projections to the
... were paired with a breeder male from 2 d before until 2 d after this optimal breeding day. This allows the gestational age of the fetus to be determined with an accuracy of ⫾2 d. E1 represents the 24 h after mating. The mean duration of gestation for M. fascilcularis (used here) and M. mulatta (the ...
... were paired with a breeder male from 2 d before until 2 d after this optimal breeding day. This allows the gestational age of the fetus to be determined with an accuracy of ⫾2 d. E1 represents the 24 h after mating. The mean duration of gestation for M. fascilcularis (used here) and M. mulatta (the ...
INVESTIGATING THE SOPHISTICATION OF LONG-LATENCY UPPER LIMB
... A recent theory of motor control, based on optimal feedback control, posits that voluntary motor behaviour involves the sophisticated manipulation of sensory feedback. Although this theory can explain how people move in the world, it does not specifically describe how this control process is impleme ...
... A recent theory of motor control, based on optimal feedback control, posits that voluntary motor behaviour involves the sophisticated manipulation of sensory feedback. Although this theory can explain how people move in the world, it does not specifically describe how this control process is impleme ...
Convergence, Divergence, Pupillary Reactions and
... his paper, it is assumed that these convergence movements were obtained after cutting the external rectus in each eye. Leyton and Sherrington ('17) obtained convergence of the eyeballs in the chimpanzee and the gibbon from unilateral stimulation in the frontal eye field. On one occasion, Rasmussen a ...
... his paper, it is assumed that these convergence movements were obtained after cutting the external rectus in each eye. Leyton and Sherrington ('17) obtained convergence of the eyeballs in the chimpanzee and the gibbon from unilateral stimulation in the frontal eye field. On one occasion, Rasmussen a ...
basic mechanisms of sleep
... depolarization of thalamic nuclei by the cholinergic brainstem (29). Cholinergic Mediation of Specific REM Signs: PGO Waves, Muscle Atonia, Cortical Desynchronization, and Hippocampal Theta PGO input to the LGB of the thalamus is cholinergic (12), and it can be antidromically traced to pontine PGO-b ...
... depolarization of thalamic nuclei by the cholinergic brainstem (29). Cholinergic Mediation of Specific REM Signs: PGO Waves, Muscle Atonia, Cortical Desynchronization, and Hippocampal Theta PGO input to the LGB of the thalamus is cholinergic (12), and it can be antidromically traced to pontine PGO-b ...
Structure-Function Relationships in Rat Brainstem Subnucleus
... injured ganglion cells and their central projections with supplemental NGF would prevent patch enlargement. This did not occur. Patches enlarged as in animals whose ganglion cells were not rescued. Thus, central arbor expansion in spared-whisker primary afferents underlies the altered somatotopy ind ...
... injured ganglion cells and their central projections with supplemental NGF would prevent patch enlargement. This did not occur. Patches enlarged as in animals whose ganglion cells were not rescued. Thus, central arbor expansion in spared-whisker primary afferents underlies the altered somatotopy ind ...
1 OSCILLATORY ENTRAINMENT OF THALAMIC NEURONS BY
... they be classified as “theta” units. To prove the selectivity of AV theta cells for theta rhythm, ...
... they be classified as “theta” units. To prove the selectivity of AV theta cells for theta rhythm, ...
Afferent Fiber Remodeling in the Somatosensory Thalamus of Mice
... recruited onto a V2 VPM neuron [infraorbital nerve cut (IONC) model; Takeuchi et al., 2012]. Together with evidence accumulated in in vivo studies, we hypothesized that newly recruited lemniscal fibers originate from different sources, other than the whisker sensory principle trigeminal nucleus (PrV ...
... recruited onto a V2 VPM neuron [infraorbital nerve cut (IONC) model; Takeuchi et al., 2012]. Together with evidence accumulated in in vivo studies, we hypothesized that newly recruited lemniscal fibers originate from different sources, other than the whisker sensory principle trigeminal nucleus (PrV ...
1
... characterized by symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity. Converging data from different studies point to ADHD abnormalities in fronto-striatal circuits. Structural neuroimaging studies partially support fronto-striatal abnormalities and suggest an important role of the cerebellum. Ho ...
... characterized by symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity. Converging data from different studies point to ADHD abnormalities in fronto-striatal circuits. Structural neuroimaging studies partially support fronto-striatal abnormalities and suggest an important role of the cerebellum. Ho ...
The Relation between Dendritic Geometry
... We recorded basic parameters describing the electrical excitability of the neurons that have been typically used in the literature. A sequence of depolarizing 500-ms-long rectangular current pulses of varying amplitudes was applied, and the action potential (AP) sequences were recorded. For analysis ...
... We recorded basic parameters describing the electrical excitability of the neurons that have been typically used in the literature. A sequence of depolarizing 500-ms-long rectangular current pulses of varying amplitudes was applied, and the action potential (AP) sequences were recorded. For analysis ...
Neural Coding of Distinct Statistical Properties of
... Schultz and colleagues have provided a theoretical framework for understanding the functions of these neurons. These studies suggest that the activity of dopaminergic neurons precisely codes two statistical parameters of reward information (Schultz et al., 1997; Fiorillo et al., 2003). The first para ...
... Schultz and colleagues have provided a theoretical framework for understanding the functions of these neurons. These studies suggest that the activity of dopaminergic neurons precisely codes two statistical parameters of reward information (Schultz et al., 1997; Fiorillo et al., 2003). The first para ...
Serotonin in Affective Control
... spirit of computational approaches that have been fruitful for other neuromodulators, notably dopamine, acetylcholine and norepinephrine (Aston-Jones and Cohen, 2005; Barto, 1995; Cohen and Blum, 2002; Dayan and Yu, 2006; Doya, 2002; Montague et al., 1996; Yu and Dayan, 2005). It is intended to comp ...
... spirit of computational approaches that have been fruitful for other neuromodulators, notably dopamine, acetylcholine and norepinephrine (Aston-Jones and Cohen, 2005; Barto, 1995; Cohen and Blum, 2002; Dayan and Yu, 2006; Doya, 2002; Montague et al., 1996; Yu and Dayan, 2005). It is intended to comp ...