PDF - Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences
... contralateral cortex, motor tissue was collected to detect the expression of GDNF using the immunohistochemical SP method (details are shown in the Immunohistochemical procedure section). Characterization of antibodies To localize the GDNF protein in the spinal cord, an affinity-purified rabbit poly ...
... contralateral cortex, motor tissue was collected to detect the expression of GDNF using the immunohistochemical SP method (details are shown in the Immunohistochemical procedure section). Characterization of antibodies To localize the GDNF protein in the spinal cord, an affinity-purified rabbit poly ...
Serotonin in the inferior colliculus fluctuates with behavioral state
... within the auditory system. Concentrations of extracellular 5-HT in the brain are not only region-specific but also context-specific, fluctuating in response to both behavioral state and environmental events. 5-HT-releasing neurons are themselves sensitive to changes in behavioral activation, like t ...
... within the auditory system. Concentrations of extracellular 5-HT in the brain are not only region-specific but also context-specific, fluctuating in response to both behavioral state and environmental events. 5-HT-releasing neurons are themselves sensitive to changes in behavioral activation, like t ...
Seventeen
... microsmatic, with smell being much less important than the other senses, especially sight and hearing. The study of comparative anatomy contributes much to an undetstanding of those parts of the brain involved in olfaction, which constitute the rhinencephalon, Thus, in macrosmatic animals, the rhine ...
... microsmatic, with smell being much less important than the other senses, especially sight and hearing. The study of comparative anatomy contributes much to an undetstanding of those parts of the brain involved in olfaction, which constitute the rhinencephalon, Thus, in macrosmatic animals, the rhine ...
Neuron 2013 Bartolini
... zone (SVZ), the main postnatal source of olfactory bulb interneurons, also seems to give rise to some interneurons that populate forebrain structures other than the olfactory bulb, including the neocortex, caudoputamen nucleus, and nucleus accumbens (Inta et al., 2008). Intriguingly, some of the SVZ ...
... zone (SVZ), the main postnatal source of olfactory bulb interneurons, also seems to give rise to some interneurons that populate forebrain structures other than the olfactory bulb, including the neocortex, caudoputamen nucleus, and nucleus accumbens (Inta et al., 2008). Intriguingly, some of the SVZ ...
Recasting the Smooth Pursuit Eye Movement System
... temporal and frontal lobes of the cerebral cortex with pursuit-related motor regions of the cerebellum (Fig. 1A), as detailed in several previous reviews (Ilg 1997; Keller and Heinen 1991; Lisberger et al. 1987). The middle temporal (MT) and medial superior temporal (MST) areas in the superior tempo ...
... temporal and frontal lobes of the cerebral cortex with pursuit-related motor regions of the cerebellum (Fig. 1A), as detailed in several previous reviews (Ilg 1997; Keller and Heinen 1991; Lisberger et al. 1987). The middle temporal (MT) and medial superior temporal (MST) areas in the superior tempo ...
MARCKS modulates radial progenitor placement
... complexes to distinct subcellular domains within radial progenitors is essential for their function, little is known about the molecular regulators that govern this process. Myristoylated alanine-rich C-kinase substrate protein (MARCKS), an actin-cross-linking protein and prominent cellular substrat ...
... complexes to distinct subcellular domains within radial progenitors is essential for their function, little is known about the molecular regulators that govern this process. Myristoylated alanine-rich C-kinase substrate protein (MARCKS), an actin-cross-linking protein and prominent cellular substrat ...
FLRT proteins act as guidance cues for migrating cortical interneurons
... 5.1 Effects of FLRT2 and FLRT3 ablation in the cortical interneurons migration through the SP stream ...................................................................................... 148 5.2 Regulation of the interneurons migration through the SP stream .............. 152 5.3 Late developomenta ...
... 5.1 Effects of FLRT2 and FLRT3 ablation in the cortical interneurons migration through the SP stream ...................................................................................... 148 5.2 Regulation of the interneurons migration through the SP stream .............. 152 5.3 Late developomenta ...
- The Human Brain
... many symptoms resulting from them . Moreover, as will be discussed more extensively below (introduction C), the symptoms occurring in basal ganglia diseases familiar to the clinician are of 'positive' nature (tremor, involuntary movements, . . .) : they involve an excess of activity : such symptoms ...
... many symptoms resulting from them . Moreover, as will be discussed more extensively below (introduction C), the symptoms occurring in basal ganglia diseases familiar to the clinician are of 'positive' nature (tremor, involuntary movements, . . .) : they involve an excess of activity : such symptoms ...
An investigation of brain processes supporting meditation
... Concerning meditation onset, some fMRI studies (Farb et al. 2007; Hölzel et al. 2007b) have employed short periods of meditation (\1 min) that displayed increased activity of different frontal cortical areas; either lateral prefrontal cortex (Farb et al. 2007), or orbital, superior medial and super ...
... Concerning meditation onset, some fMRI studies (Farb et al. 2007; Hölzel et al. 2007b) have employed short periods of meditation (\1 min) that displayed increased activity of different frontal cortical areas; either lateral prefrontal cortex (Farb et al. 2007), or orbital, superior medial and super ...
Coexposure of Neonatal Mice to a Flame
... manifested as disrupted spontaneous behavior, reduced habituation, and impaired learning/memory abilities. This is seen in the low dose range, where the sole compounds do no give rise to developmental neurotoxic effects. The effects seen are more than just additive. Furthermore, a significant effect ...
... manifested as disrupted spontaneous behavior, reduced habituation, and impaired learning/memory abilities. This is seen in the low dose range, where the sole compounds do no give rise to developmental neurotoxic effects. The effects seen are more than just additive. Furthermore, a significant effect ...
$doc.title
... strategy approach to maximize reward and minimize costs; otherwise, competitive opponents can exploit predictable choice patterns. This thesis tested the hypothesis that the frontal eye field (FEF) are involved ...
... strategy approach to maximize reward and minimize costs; otherwise, competitive opponents can exploit predictable choice patterns. This thesis tested the hypothesis that the frontal eye field (FEF) are involved ...
Psychopharmacology of conditioned reward
... throughout this paper; however, we view “conditioned reinforcer” as a synonymous term. Our choice reflects the extensive use of “conditioned reward” in the literature reviewed here. Historically, reinforcement theory has been contrasted with incentive theory as alternative explanatory systems for th ...
... throughout this paper; however, we view “conditioned reinforcer” as a synonymous term. Our choice reflects the extensive use of “conditioned reward” in the literature reviewed here. Historically, reinforcement theory has been contrasted with incentive theory as alternative explanatory systems for th ...
PDF - Journal of Neuroscience
... Charles River Laboratories. Rats were tested at the University of Maryland in accordance with NIH and IACUC guidelines. Surgical procedures and histology. Surgical procedures followed guidelines for aseptic technique. Electrodes were manufactured and implanted ...
... Charles River Laboratories. Rats were tested at the University of Maryland in accordance with NIH and IACUC guidelines. Surgical procedures and histology. Surgical procedures followed guidelines for aseptic technique. Electrodes were manufactured and implanted ...
Mice Lacking M1 and M3 Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptors Have
... in odor discrimination of closely related molecules, including stereoisomers. However, the discrimination of dissimilar molecules, social odors (e.g., urine) and novel object recognition was not affected. In addition the KO mice showed impaired learning in an associative odor-learning task, learning ...
... in odor discrimination of closely related molecules, including stereoisomers. However, the discrimination of dissimilar molecules, social odors (e.g., urine) and novel object recognition was not affected. In addition the KO mice showed impaired learning in an associative odor-learning task, learning ...
Dateien anzeigen - Universität Düsseldorf
... unique characteristics that are represented by its specific gene expression and stereotypical pattern of axon projection. All cells, except for the midline cells in the CNS, originate from approximately 30 neural stem cells, called neuroblasts (NBs). Each NB can be identified by the position, timing ...
... unique characteristics that are represented by its specific gene expression and stereotypical pattern of axon projection. All cells, except for the midline cells in the CNS, originate from approximately 30 neural stem cells, called neuroblasts (NBs). Each NB can be identified by the position, timing ...
Auditory Neurons in the Dorsal Cortex of the Inferior Colliculus
... the auditory nerve. The cochlear nucleus is subdivided into ventral and dorsal divisions (VCN and DCN, respectively). The ventral division can be further subdivided into the anterior ventral cochlear nucleus (AVCN), and the posterior ventral cochlear nucleus (PVCN). Each division of the CN receives ...
... the auditory nerve. The cochlear nucleus is subdivided into ventral and dorsal divisions (VCN and DCN, respectively). The ventral division can be further subdivided into the anterior ventral cochlear nucleus (AVCN), and the posterior ventral cochlear nucleus (PVCN). Each division of the CN receives ...
Martin, Neuroscientist 2005
... Box 1: Organization of the Mature Corticospinal System The corticospinal system connects the frontal and anterior parietal lobes with the spinal gray matter. Early in development, corticospinal neurons are distributed throughout much of the frontal and parietal lobes, and parts of the occipital and ...
... Box 1: Organization of the Mature Corticospinal System The corticospinal system connects the frontal and anterior parietal lobes with the spinal gray matter. Early in development, corticospinal neurons are distributed throughout much of the frontal and parietal lobes, and parts of the occipital and ...
Receptive Fields and Binaural Interactions for Virtual
... al. 1983; see Irvine 1992 for review). However, free-field studies alone cannot determine which acoustic cues are responsible for this directional sensitivity because they do not allow independent control over each cue. Such control can be achieved in dichotic studies that deliver stimuli through cl ...
... al. 1983; see Irvine 1992 for review). However, free-field studies alone cannot determine which acoustic cues are responsible for this directional sensitivity because they do not allow independent control over each cue. Such control can be achieved in dichotic studies that deliver stimuli through cl ...
BIOL 105 S 2011 Ch 8 Practice Midterm Exam 2 110429.1
... 43) Which of the following lists the parts of a reflex arc in the correct order? A) receptor, sensory neuron, interneuron, motor neuron, effector B) receptor, effector, sensory neuron, interneuron, motor neuron C) receptor, sensory neuron, effector, interneuron, motor neuron D) effector, receptor, s ...
... 43) Which of the following lists the parts of a reflex arc in the correct order? A) receptor, sensory neuron, interneuron, motor neuron, effector B) receptor, effector, sensory neuron, interneuron, motor neuron C) receptor, sensory neuron, effector, interneuron, motor neuron D) effector, receptor, s ...
ABSTRACT The Auditory Brainstem Response: History and Future
... on the scalp. The resulting output is a series of waves that occur within 10 milliseconds of the stimulus presentation. The positive vertex waves – those pointing upwards – are numbered I to VII, and each one generally corresponds to a specific point of activity along the central auditory pathway ( ...
... on the scalp. The resulting output is a series of waves that occur within 10 milliseconds of the stimulus presentation. The positive vertex waves – those pointing upwards – are numbered I to VII, and each one generally corresponds to a specific point of activity along the central auditory pathway ( ...
Rewarding properties of sildenafil citrate in mice
... and guanylyl cyclase inhibitor MB on sildenafilinduced place preference conditioning was assessed. In the first part of the experiment, animals received saline (10 ml/ kg, i.p.), MB (0.5, 1, and 2 mg/kg, i.p.), or L-NAME (1, 5, and 10 mg/kg, i.p.) 30 min before confinement to the conditioning appara ...
... and guanylyl cyclase inhibitor MB on sildenafilinduced place preference conditioning was assessed. In the first part of the experiment, animals received saline (10 ml/ kg, i.p.), MB (0.5, 1, and 2 mg/kg, i.p.), or L-NAME (1, 5, and 10 mg/kg, i.p.) 30 min before confinement to the conditioning appara ...
Serotonin Modulates Developmental Microglia
... everywhere in the brain and at various ages (data not shown). For the quantitative analysis, we focused on dLGN in the thalamus, in which axons from RGCs form synaptic connections with relay neurons in order to establish the retinogeniculate pathway of the visual system. We selected this region of i ...
... everywhere in the brain and at various ages (data not shown). For the quantitative analysis, we focused on dLGN in the thalamus, in which axons from RGCs form synaptic connections with relay neurons in order to establish the retinogeniculate pathway of the visual system. We selected this region of i ...
Dokument_1 - KLUEDO - Technische Universität Kaiserslautern
... nucleus is situated medially to the other nuclei from the complex and it is penetrated by many fibers of passage. Its principle cells are large with globular somata and relatively few dendrites (Sommer et al., 1993). The MNTB neurons receive monaural excitatory input from the contralateral cochlear ...
... nucleus is situated medially to the other nuclei from the complex and it is penetrated by many fibers of passage. Its principle cells are large with globular somata and relatively few dendrites (Sommer et al., 1993). The MNTB neurons receive monaural excitatory input from the contralateral cochlear ...
Csercsa Richárd
... There are several theories of what could cause the change in arousal as well as in cortical excitability during sleep. There are two classical conceptions: the passive and the active hypothesis. According to the passive hypothesis, the default arousal state is sleep, and it is a result of a decrease ...
... There are several theories of what could cause the change in arousal as well as in cortical excitability during sleep. There are two classical conceptions: the passive and the active hypothesis. According to the passive hypothesis, the default arousal state is sleep, and it is a result of a decrease ...
response inhibition is differentially related to instrumental and
... A diagnosis for an antisocial personality disorder has similar behavioral criteria as conduct disorder, except that it is diagnosed in adults (Loeber et al, 2000). A study by Dolan & Park (2002) investigated whether patients with a diagnosis for an antisocial personality disorder show deficits in ne ...
... A diagnosis for an antisocial personality disorder has similar behavioral criteria as conduct disorder, except that it is diagnosed in adults (Loeber et al, 2000). A study by Dolan & Park (2002) investigated whether patients with a diagnosis for an antisocial personality disorder show deficits in ne ...