The Switch of Subthalamic Neurons From an Irregular to a Bursting
... Council directive (86/609/EEC), and complied with rules set forth in the National Institutes of Health Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals (publication 80-23). All animals were housed in standard conditions (21 1°C, food and water ad libitum), and all experiments were performed during t ...
... Council directive (86/609/EEC), and complied with rules set forth in the National Institutes of Health Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals (publication 80-23). All animals were housed in standard conditions (21 1°C, food and water ad libitum), and all experiments were performed during t ...
Distinct Neuropathologic Phenotypes After Disrupting the
... revealed a series of common themes with respect to the brain regions and cell types that are affected, although the precise timing and nature of these events differs among NCL forms (22Y25). Regional cortical atrophy, localized early gliosis, and loss of both interneurons and thalamic relay neurons ...
... revealed a series of common themes with respect to the brain regions and cell types that are affected, although the precise timing and nature of these events differs among NCL forms (22Y25). Regional cortical atrophy, localized early gliosis, and loss of both interneurons and thalamic relay neurons ...
New Treatment Approaches in Tinnitus: The Place of Repetitive
... studies, there are articles suggesting that these neural changes in tDCS-applied patients can be observed not only in the short run after the application but also in the long run (29). In the literature, some of the very seldom and mild side effects are counted as nausea, headache, intracutaneous re ...
... studies, there are articles suggesting that these neural changes in tDCS-applied patients can be observed not only in the short run after the application but also in the long run (29). In the literature, some of the very seldom and mild side effects are counted as nausea, headache, intracutaneous re ...
Taste, olfactory, and food reward value processing
... Fig. 1. Schematic diagram showing some of the gustatory, olfactory, visual and somatosensory pathways to the orbitofrontal cortex, and some of the outputs of the orbitofrontal cortex, in primates. The secondary taste cortex and the secondary olfactory cortex are within the orbitofrontal cortex. V1, ...
... Fig. 1. Schematic diagram showing some of the gustatory, olfactory, visual and somatosensory pathways to the orbitofrontal cortex, and some of the outputs of the orbitofrontal cortex, in primates. The secondary taste cortex and the secondary olfactory cortex are within the orbitofrontal cortex. V1, ...
University of Groningen Gustatory neural processing in the
... or less narrowly tuned to one of the primary taste qualities and that the function of any one neuron would be to signal its particular encoded taste quality. The across-fiber pattern (AFP) model proposes that individual afferent fibers lack absolute specificity. The afferent neuronal message for qua ...
... or less narrowly tuned to one of the primary taste qualities and that the function of any one neuron would be to signal its particular encoded taste quality. The across-fiber pattern (AFP) model proposes that individual afferent fibers lack absolute specificity. The afferent neuronal message for qua ...
Somatosensory cortex functional connectivity
... this goal. In healthy individuals, vibrotactile stimulations on the fingertips dramatically increase the behaviourally measured temporal separation threshold needed for distinguishing between two consecutive tactile pulses, but no such effect is observed in ASD individuals (Tommerdahl et al., 2008). ...
... this goal. In healthy individuals, vibrotactile stimulations on the fingertips dramatically increase the behaviourally measured temporal separation threshold needed for distinguishing between two consecutive tactile pulses, but no such effect is observed in ASD individuals (Tommerdahl et al., 2008). ...
... amygdala, delineated with the striatal-related markers dopamine, adenosine 3 0 :5 0 -monophosphate regulated phosphoprotein of Mr 32 kDa, and the related phosphoprotein Inhibitor-1. These basal forebrain systems project to autonomic nuclei in the hypothalamus and brainstem. We interpret these result ...
Separate neural pathways process different decision costs
... In our everyday lives we make numerous decisions among different courses of action based on the costs and benefits associated with each. Often, when we are confronted with a choice, there is not a single option that is most advantageous in every respect. Each course of action can be perceived as hav ...
... In our everyday lives we make numerous decisions among different courses of action based on the costs and benefits associated with each. Often, when we are confronted with a choice, there is not a single option that is most advantageous in every respect. Each course of action can be perceived as hav ...
A self-organizing model of disparity maps in the primary visual cortex
... Current models of primary visual cortex (V1) development show how visual features such as orientation and eye preference can emerge from spontaneous and visually evoked neural activity, but it is not yet known whether spatially organized maps for low-level visual pattern disparity are present in V1, ...
... Current models of primary visual cortex (V1) development show how visual features such as orientation and eye preference can emerge from spontaneous and visually evoked neural activity, but it is not yet known whether spatially organized maps for low-level visual pattern disparity are present in V1, ...
The distribution of retino‐collicular axon terminals in rhesus monkey
... The majority of the retinal projection from both eyes, in terms of the volume of collicular tissue labeled, represents the region of visual field from approximately 10" off the vertical meridian t o the outer boundaries of the binocular visual field (BF). Within this region, both eyes are represente ...
... The majority of the retinal projection from both eyes, in terms of the volume of collicular tissue labeled, represents the region of visual field from approximately 10" off the vertical meridian t o the outer boundaries of the binocular visual field (BF). Within this region, both eyes are represente ...
Neural Mechanisms of Extinction Learning and Retrieval
... Studies on the neurobiology of extinction have been driven by the well-documented circuitry of conditioned fear. The basolateral amygdala (BLA) associates sensory and shockrelated inputs and influences central nucleus output neurons, which drive fear expression through descending projections (Pare e ...
... Studies on the neurobiology of extinction have been driven by the well-documented circuitry of conditioned fear. The basolateral amygdala (BLA) associates sensory and shockrelated inputs and influences central nucleus output neurons, which drive fear expression through descending projections (Pare e ...
Sub-exemplar Shape Tuning in Human Face
... levels of this area to a wide variety of subcategories of faces: the response is of similar magnitude to front view, profile view, 2-tone ‘‘Mooney’’ faces, cat faces, and cartoon faces (Kanwisher and others 1998; Tong and others 2000). A recent study (Pourtois and others 2005) using an event-related ...
... levels of this area to a wide variety of subcategories of faces: the response is of similar magnitude to front view, profile view, 2-tone ‘‘Mooney’’ faces, cat faces, and cartoon faces (Kanwisher and others 1998; Tong and others 2000). A recent study (Pourtois and others 2005) using an event-related ...
The multifunctional lateral geniculate nucleus
... drive LGN neurons, and because retinal convergence onto LGN neurons is minimal (often 1:1), it should come as no surprise that the receptive field properties of nearly all LGN neurons seem nearly identical to their retinal drives. Figure 1A shows a trace record from an LGN neuron and its retinal exc ...
... drive LGN neurons, and because retinal convergence onto LGN neurons is minimal (often 1:1), it should come as no surprise that the receptive field properties of nearly all LGN neurons seem nearly identical to their retinal drives. Figure 1A shows a trace record from an LGN neuron and its retinal exc ...
Imaging Auditory Representations of Song and Syllables in
... bird’s own song (BOS). Certain HVC PNs display complex properties, including sensorimotor mirroring and auditory selectivity for songs, syllables, or syllable combinations, consistent with the idea that, as a population, HVC neurons encode song and syllable representations (McCasland and Konishi, 19 ...
... bird’s own song (BOS). Certain HVC PNs display complex properties, including sensorimotor mirroring and auditory selectivity for songs, syllables, or syllable combinations, consistent with the idea that, as a population, HVC neurons encode song and syllable representations (McCasland and Konishi, 19 ...
Transitional Probabilities Are Prioritized over Stimulus/Pattern
... We recorded ERP responses to three types of deviant tonetriplets presented among standard triplets, which alternated two tones with different pitches (e.g., low-high-low: L-H-L; see Fig. 1A). The deviant triplets were either (1) proximity (L-L-L), (2) reversal (H-L-H), or (3) first-tone deviants (H- ...
... We recorded ERP responses to three types of deviant tonetriplets presented among standard triplets, which alternated two tones with different pitches (e.g., low-high-low: L-H-L; see Fig. 1A). The deviant triplets were either (1) proximity (L-L-L), (2) reversal (H-L-H), or (3) first-tone deviants (H- ...
Duration Tuning across Vertebrates
... Signal duration is important for identifying sound sources and determining signal meaning. Duration-tuned neurons (DTNs) respond preferentially to a range of stimulus durations and maximally to a best duration (BD). Duration-tuned neurons are found in the auditory midbrain of many vertebrates, altho ...
... Signal duration is important for identifying sound sources and determining signal meaning. Duration-tuned neurons (DTNs) respond preferentially to a range of stimulus durations and maximally to a best duration (BD). Duration-tuned neurons are found in the auditory midbrain of many vertebrates, altho ...
Bischoff_Thesis_notes
... o Inputs related to sensorimotor processing (from sensorimotor cortex, parieto-temporal-occipital association cortex, areas of lateral frontal cortex) o Inputs from dopaminergic neurons in the midbrain VTA, retrorubral area, and dorsal tier of SNc o Contains clusters of cells (matrisomes) related to ...
... o Inputs related to sensorimotor processing (from sensorimotor cortex, parieto-temporal-occipital association cortex, areas of lateral frontal cortex) o Inputs from dopaminergic neurons in the midbrain VTA, retrorubral area, and dorsal tier of SNc o Contains clusters of cells (matrisomes) related to ...
involvement of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis activated by
... Seisakusho, Tokyo, Japan). The apparatus was enclosed by a sound- and light-attenuated box under conditions of dim illumination and masking white noise. Preconditioning session. On the first day (day 1), the partition separating the two compartments was raised 12 cm above the floor, and a metal neut ...
... Seisakusho, Tokyo, Japan). The apparatus was enclosed by a sound- and light-attenuated box under conditions of dim illumination and masking white noise. Preconditioning session. On the first day (day 1), the partition separating the two compartments was raised 12 cm above the floor, and a metal neut ...
Delineation of motoneuron subgroups supplying
... stabilize gaze during locomotion to compensate for head and body movements (Leigh and Zee, 2006; Horn and Leigh, 2011). The motor and premotor pathways for several eye movement types, e.g. saccades and the vestibulo-ocular reflex, are well studied in monkey, and they form the basis for assessing the ...
... stabilize gaze during locomotion to compensate for head and body movements (Leigh and Zee, 2006; Horn and Leigh, 2011). The motor and premotor pathways for several eye movement types, e.g. saccades and the vestibulo-ocular reflex, are well studied in monkey, and they form the basis for assessing the ...
Plasticity-related genes in brain development and amygdala
... amygdala neurons become necessary (Han et al. 2007, 2009) and sufficient (Kim et al. 2014; Redondo et al. 2014; Yiu et al. 2014) for recall of memories for fear-inducing experiences, suggesting that this collection of neurons form a critical hub in the physical representation of associative fear lear ...
... amygdala neurons become necessary (Han et al. 2007, 2009) and sufficient (Kim et al. 2014; Redondo et al. 2014; Yiu et al. 2014) for recall of memories for fear-inducing experiences, suggesting that this collection of neurons form a critical hub in the physical representation of associative fear lear ...
The supramammillary area: its organization, functions
... play a much more important modulatory role in hippocampal function than their paucity and distance from the hippocampus might suggest. SuM also has similar extensive connections with many other structures and may, then, similarly modulate many areas of the forebrain. The hippocampus has been postula ...
... play a much more important modulatory role in hippocampal function than their paucity and distance from the hippocampus might suggest. SuM also has similar extensive connections with many other structures and may, then, similarly modulate many areas of the forebrain. The hippocampus has been postula ...
Electrophysiological and Pharmacological Evidence for the Role of
... abuse. The aim of the work presented here was to conduct an investigation into the neural mechanisms of drug-seeking behavior by monitoring the spike activity of NAS neurons in rats as they self-administered cocaine. Preliminary aspects of this study have been reported in abstract form (Chang et al. ...
... abuse. The aim of the work presented here was to conduct an investigation into the neural mechanisms of drug-seeking behavior by monitoring the spike activity of NAS neurons in rats as they self-administered cocaine. Preliminary aspects of this study have been reported in abstract form (Chang et al. ...
Spatial and Temporal Structure of Receptive Fields in Primate
... was lowered with a micrometer until the latex sheet contacted the fingerpad with a normal force of 0.1 N. The purpose of the Mylar sheet, which was essentially inextensible, was to prevent horizontal skin displacement when the scanning direction changed. Horizontal skin displacement produced by chan ...
... was lowered with a micrometer until the latex sheet contacted the fingerpad with a normal force of 0.1 N. The purpose of the Mylar sheet, which was essentially inextensible, was to prevent horizontal skin displacement when the scanning direction changed. Horizontal skin displacement produced by chan ...
