Massive normalization of olfactory bulb output in mice with a
... supplement 2). Thus, in a go/no-go operant conditioning task, M71 transgenic mice are consistently unable to discriminate acetophenone from air. We next asked if the failure to detect acetophenone was specific for this go/no go operant conditioning task, or whether it could similarly be observed in ...
... supplement 2). Thus, in a go/no-go operant conditioning task, M71 transgenic mice are consistently unable to discriminate acetophenone from air. We next asked if the failure to detect acetophenone was specific for this go/no go operant conditioning task, or whether it could similarly be observed in ...
Anatomical organization of the eye fields in the human and non
... 1890). Finally, the human homolog of the monkey CEF is not known. Because of the lack of studies examining the human CEF, it cannot be excluded that the region of increased activity on the medial surface of the frontal lobe that Grosbras et al. (1999) reported in relation to oculomotor performance m ...
... 1890). Finally, the human homolog of the monkey CEF is not known. Because of the lack of studies examining the human CEF, it cannot be excluded that the region of increased activity on the medial surface of the frontal lobe that Grosbras et al. (1999) reported in relation to oculomotor performance m ...
Article 5 - Graduate Program in Neuroscience | UBC
... of reinforcer (liquid or sound). Each trial contained two delay periods, namely the instruction–trigger delay, during which the animal remembered the type of instruction and prepared for the behavioral reaction (delay 1 in Fig. 1), and the trigger–reinforcer delay, during which the animal could expe ...
... of reinforcer (liquid or sound). Each trial contained two delay periods, namely the instruction–trigger delay, during which the animal remembered the type of instruction and prepared for the behavioral reaction (delay 1 in Fig. 1), and the trigger–reinforcer delay, during which the animal could expe ...
Organization of projections from the basomedial nucleus of the
... Thirty-six adult male Harlan Sprague-Dawley rats (300350 g) were used for tracer injections. Each animal was anesthetized with a mixture of ketamine and xylazine (viv; 1 mlikg body weight) and received a single injection of a 2.5% solution of PHAL (Vector Laboratories, Burlingame, CAI, prepared in 0 ...
... Thirty-six adult male Harlan Sprague-Dawley rats (300350 g) were used for tracer injections. Each animal was anesthetized with a mixture of ketamine and xylazine (viv; 1 mlikg body weight) and received a single injection of a 2.5% solution of PHAL (Vector Laboratories, Burlingame, CAI, prepared in 0 ...
Excitatory and Inhibitory Vestibular Pathways to the Extraocular
... possibly because this order exhibits robust oculomotor performance with eye movements comparable with those observed in mammals (Easter 1972; Pastor et al. 1992; Schairer and Bennett 1986). In the goldfish, neurons within the vestibular complex, notably the anterior, descending, and tangential octav ...
... possibly because this order exhibits robust oculomotor performance with eye movements comparable with those observed in mammals (Easter 1972; Pastor et al. 1992; Schairer and Bennett 1986). In the goldfish, neurons within the vestibular complex, notably the anterior, descending, and tangential octav ...
The prefrontal cortex encompasses a large and heterogeneous set of
... monkeys, first mapped on the basis of cellular features, and the distribution of myelin (Brodmann, 1905; Vogt and Vogt, 1919; Walker, 1940; Von Bonin and Bailey, 1947; Sanides, 1970; Barbas and Pandya, 1989; Preuss and Goldman-Rakic, 1991; Morecraft et al., 1992) have been subdivided further with th ...
... monkeys, first mapped on the basis of cellular features, and the distribution of myelin (Brodmann, 1905; Vogt and Vogt, 1919; Walker, 1940; Von Bonin and Bailey, 1947; Sanides, 1970; Barbas and Pandya, 1989; Preuss and Goldman-Rakic, 1991; Morecraft et al., 1992) have been subdivided further with th ...
Organization of brainstem nuclei
... nuclei and areas with discrete emphasis on the structural organization of the region, rather than functional, chemical, or pathological characteristics. It would have been inappropriate, however, to discount apparent functional characteristics of some brainstem structures, particularly when such cha ...
... nuclei and areas with discrete emphasis on the structural organization of the region, rather than functional, chemical, or pathological characteristics. It would have been inappropriate, however, to discount apparent functional characteristics of some brainstem structures, particularly when such cha ...
Rostral Fastigial Nucleus Activity in the Alert Monkey During Three
... orientations were more numerous and on average more sensitive than those with contralateral orientations. Twenty-eight percent of the vertical canal-related neurons also responded to horizontal canal stimulation. None of the vertical canal-related neurons responded to static tilt. Otolith-related ne ...
... orientations were more numerous and on average more sensitive than those with contralateral orientations. Twenty-eight percent of the vertical canal-related neurons also responded to horizontal canal stimulation. None of the vertical canal-related neurons responded to static tilt. Otolith-related ne ...
Hemispheric asymmetries of cortical volume in the human brain
... in a wide range of mammalian species (Vallortigara, 2000; Vallortigara and Rogers, 2005; Vallortigara et al., 1999). To account for these functional differences, it has been proposed that systematic differences between the two hemispheres exist in relative cortical space allocation to heteromodal as ...
... in a wide range of mammalian species (Vallortigara, 2000; Vallortigara and Rogers, 2005; Vallortigara et al., 1999). To account for these functional differences, it has been proposed that systematic differences between the two hemispheres exist in relative cortical space allocation to heteromodal as ...
Cross-modal Circuitry Between Auditory and
... and white matter, the position of the injection site, labeled neurons and axon terminals was produced. Injection sites were defined as the large aggregate of densely labeled cell bodies, dendrites and axons at the terminus of the injection needle track. HRP-labeled neurons were identified by the pre ...
... and white matter, the position of the injection site, labeled neurons and axon terminals was produced. Injection sites were defined as the large aggregate of densely labeled cell bodies, dendrites and axons at the terminus of the injection needle track. HRP-labeled neurons were identified by the pre ...
Inhibitory control in high functioning autism: Decreased activation
... neuronal connectivity is essential for the ability to exert top-down control that allows voluntary response suppression. Investigating response inhibition from an underconnectivity perspective places a focus not only on the regions found to be involved in accomplishing inhibition but also on the coo ...
... neuronal connectivity is essential for the ability to exert top-down control that allows voluntary response suppression. Investigating response inhibition from an underconnectivity perspective places a focus not only on the regions found to be involved in accomplishing inhibition but also on the coo ...
NIH Public Access
... stimuli; [7,27]) cues have been evaluated, as well as the administration of the unconditioned stimulus (drug itself; [7,27]). In addition, stress and anxiety have been suggested to be effective inducers of reinstatement behavior [8,29]. Interestingly, different neural mechanisms appear to underlie t ...
... stimuli; [7,27]) cues have been evaluated, as well as the administration of the unconditioned stimulus (drug itself; [7,27]). In addition, stress and anxiety have been suggested to be effective inducers of reinstatement behavior [8,29]. Interestingly, different neural mechanisms appear to underlie t ...
Course Content - Neurological Society of India
... While examination of higher mental functions (HMF) currently is the field of clinical psychologists, it is still important for the residents to be aware of this aspect of examination for the reasons given below 1. HMF, pre-operatively, prior to cranial surgery provides baseline information for the c ...
... While examination of higher mental functions (HMF) currently is the field of clinical psychologists, it is still important for the residents to be aware of this aspect of examination for the reasons given below 1. HMF, pre-operatively, prior to cranial surgery provides baseline information for the c ...
Distribution of GABAergic neurons and axon terminals in the
... Neurons that utilize the neurotransmitter y-aminobutyric acid (GABA) appear to play an important role in generating many of the receptive field properties that distinguish neurons in the striate cortex from those in the lateral geniculate nucleus. When the inhibitory effects of GABA are blocked by t ...
... Neurons that utilize the neurotransmitter y-aminobutyric acid (GABA) appear to play an important role in generating many of the receptive field properties that distinguish neurons in the striate cortex from those in the lateral geniculate nucleus. When the inhibitory effects of GABA are blocked by t ...
Vision for Prehension in the Medial Parietal Cortex - Gallettilab
... We propose a model of cortical circuitry controlling reach-to-grasp actions, in which V6A acts as a comparator that monitors differences between current and desired hand positions and configurations. This error signal could be used to continuously update the motor output, and to correct reach directi ...
... We propose a model of cortical circuitry controlling reach-to-grasp actions, in which V6A acts as a comparator that monitors differences between current and desired hand positions and configurations. This error signal could be used to continuously update the motor output, and to correct reach directi ...
View/Open - Minerva Access
... these units into circuits that can perform logic operations, we identify the different ways in which operations can be initiated and manipulated by top-down feedback. We demonstrate that more sophisticated and flexible top-down control is possible when the gain of units is modulated by two mechanism ...
... these units into circuits that can perform logic operations, we identify the different ways in which operations can be initiated and manipulated by top-down feedback. We demonstrate that more sophisticated and flexible top-down control is possible when the gain of units is modulated by two mechanism ...
Sleep and Biological Rhythms
... cells in the retina, a pathway that may account for the ability of light to reset the biological clock (zeitgeber function) the intergeniculate leaflet of the lateral geniculate thalamic nucleus ...
... cells in the retina, a pathway that may account for the ability of light to reset the biological clock (zeitgeber function) the intergeniculate leaflet of the lateral geniculate thalamic nucleus ...
Supplementary Information (doc 1146K)
... following a generalized PPI approach (McLaren et al. 2012). The PPI analysis measures the extent to which regions are differentially correlated during a given task or between subjects. We used ROI-based "seeds" for Left Hippocampus and Left Temporal Pole from the same atlas used in the main text, an ...
... following a generalized PPI approach (McLaren et al. 2012). The PPI analysis measures the extent to which regions are differentially correlated during a given task or between subjects. We used ROI-based "seeds" for Left Hippocampus and Left Temporal Pole from the same atlas used in the main text, an ...
Responses of Primate Caudal Parabrachial Nucleus and Ko¨lliker
... vestibular nucleus can influence parasympathetic and sympathetic outflow, either directly or indirectly, via ascending projections to the nucleus of the solitary tract, dorsal motor vagal nucleus, nucleus ambiguus, and rostral ventrolateral medullary reticular formation. An ascending pathway also or ...
... vestibular nucleus can influence parasympathetic and sympathetic outflow, either directly or indirectly, via ascending projections to the nucleus of the solitary tract, dorsal motor vagal nucleus, nucleus ambiguus, and rostral ventrolateral medullary reticular formation. An ascending pathway also or ...
Neurochemical organization of chimpanzee inferior pulvinar complex
... Povinelli, 2000). These studies make it clear that although humans share many features of brain organization and function with apes and monkeys, there are important differences as well. Documenting the patterns of similarities and difference is essential for understanding how results derived from no ...
... Povinelli, 2000). These studies make it clear that although humans share many features of brain organization and function with apes and monkeys, there are important differences as well. Documenting the patterns of similarities and difference is essential for understanding how results derived from no ...
Research in Mammalian Mastication1
... and limb muscles there is considerable heterogeneity of fiber types and distribution patterns; these fiber types and distribution patterns are also influenced by the age and sex of the individual (Maxwell et al, 1979). Related to muscular heterogeneity is the concept of neuromuscular compartments. A ...
... and limb muscles there is considerable heterogeneity of fiber types and distribution patterns; these fiber types and distribution patterns are also influenced by the age and sex of the individual (Maxwell et al, 1979). Related to muscular heterogeneity is the concept of neuromuscular compartments. A ...
The effect of selective attention on auditory frequency
... noise depends largely on the differences in neural level representations of the auditory inputs. The auditory cortex (AC) is tonotopically organized, which means that the frequency information is mapped to the cortical topography. Thus, similar frequencies are processed in close vicinity at AC. The ...
... noise depends largely on the differences in neural level representations of the auditory inputs. The auditory cortex (AC) is tonotopically organized, which means that the frequency information is mapped to the cortical topography. Thus, similar frequencies are processed in close vicinity at AC. The ...
The Structure of Pairwise Correlation in Mouse Primary Visual
... Throughout sensory systems, neurons are organized by response preference, so that like-responding neurons are close to each other, creating a functional map [e.g., orientation pinwheels in primary visual cortex (V1)]. Despite the ubiquity of maps, their role is unclear. For example, although rodent ...
... Throughout sensory systems, neurons are organized by response preference, so that like-responding neurons are close to each other, creating a functional map [e.g., orientation pinwheels in primary visual cortex (V1)]. Despite the ubiquity of maps, their role is unclear. For example, although rodent ...
Firing activities of auditory cortical neurons during categorical task
... In 1996 Yoshioka and colleagues reported that the categorical color perception occurs also on early stages of visual cortex. In another single-cell study, targeting the inferotemporal cortex (Sigala and Logothetis, 2002), was shown that after category learning about 70% of neurons were selective fo ...
... In 1996 Yoshioka and colleagues reported that the categorical color perception occurs also on early stages of visual cortex. In another single-cell study, targeting the inferotemporal cortex (Sigala and Logothetis, 2002), was shown that after category learning about 70% of neurons were selective fo ...
Viral restoration of dopamine signaling to the dorsal striatum
... the tongue correlated with bursts of electrophysiological activity (action potential spikes) from 60–80% of dopamine neurons recorded. However, after repeated cue–reward pairings, dopamine neuron activation occurred in response to the conditioned cue instead of during presentation (and consumption) ...
... the tongue correlated with bursts of electrophysiological activity (action potential spikes) from 60–80% of dopamine neurons recorded. However, after repeated cue–reward pairings, dopamine neuron activation occurred in response to the conditioned cue instead of during presentation (and consumption) ...