Visual detection deficits following inactivation of the superior colliculus in the cat
... et al., 1982; Overton & Dean, 1988; Lomber et al., 2001). Unfortunately, the interpretation of these studies is limited because of one or more of the following considerations: (1) Most of these experiments used permanent ablation of the SC rather than reversible inactivation. SC ablation initially p ...
... et al., 1982; Overton & Dean, 1988; Lomber et al., 2001). Unfortunately, the interpretation of these studies is limited because of one or more of the following considerations: (1) Most of these experiments used permanent ablation of the SC rather than reversible inactivation. SC ablation initially p ...
Neuronal morphology in the African elephant (Loxodonta africana
... focus on superficial (i.e., layers II–III) pyramidal neurons (mean soma depth = 794 ± 131 lm) in the two cortical regions. Because the Golgi impregnation was not uniform, more neurons appropriate for quantification were sampled from LA1 (n = 46) than from LA3 (n = 29). A total of 40 superficial pyra ...
... focus on superficial (i.e., layers II–III) pyramidal neurons (mean soma depth = 794 ± 131 lm) in the two cortical regions. Because the Golgi impregnation was not uniform, more neurons appropriate for quantification were sampled from LA1 (n = 46) than from LA3 (n = 29). A total of 40 superficial pyra ...
Receptores Monoaminérgicos en Corteza Prefrontal: Mecanismo de Acción de Fármacos Antipsicóticos
... antagonist phencyclidine (PCP) on PFC function to understand the cellular and network elements involved in its schizomimeitc actions. PCP induces a marked disruption of the activity of the PFC in the rat, increasing and decreasing the activity of 45% and 33% of the pyramidal neurons recorded, respec ...
... antagonist phencyclidine (PCP) on PFC function to understand the cellular and network elements involved in its schizomimeitc actions. PCP induces a marked disruption of the activity of the PFC in the rat, increasing and decreasing the activity of 45% and 33% of the pyramidal neurons recorded, respec ...
Point-Light Biological Motion Perception Activates Human Premotor
... through-plane resolution of 3.8 mm with 0 mm gap]. Experimental stimuli began after three TRs to allow the magnetization to reach steady state. Given that this study was performed on a high-field-strength magnet, magnetic susceptibility-induced artifacts were a significant concern. To help minimize ...
... through-plane resolution of 3.8 mm with 0 mm gap]. Experimental stimuli began after three TRs to allow the magnetization to reach steady state. Given that this study was performed on a high-field-strength magnet, magnetic susceptibility-induced artifacts were a significant concern. To help minimize ...
Synaptic Distinction of Laminar-specific Prefrontal-temporal Pathways in Primates
... each case (total = 8 in 5 cases), and 1--3 pieces from the middle layers (total = 8 in 5 cases), representative of the labeling in area Ts1 (cases AY, BG, BC, BA), or in area Ts3 (case BF). The sites sampled from architectonic area Ts1 were matched for rostro-caudal level across cases (cases AY, BG, ...
... each case (total = 8 in 5 cases), and 1--3 pieces from the middle layers (total = 8 in 5 cases), representative of the labeling in area Ts1 (cases AY, BG, BC, BA), or in area Ts3 (case BF). The sites sampled from architectonic area Ts1 were matched for rostro-caudal level across cases (cases AY, BG, ...
Postnatal Development of the Corticospinal Tract in the Reeler Mouse
... Corticospinal tract (CST) neurons are located in layer V of the motor cortex, and send their axons to the spinal motoneurons, directly (5, 23) or indirectly (2, 35). The CST forms the longest axonal projection in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS). The development of CST axons is the latest ...
... Corticospinal tract (CST) neurons are located in layer V of the motor cortex, and send their axons to the spinal motoneurons, directly (5, 23) or indirectly (2, 35). The CST forms the longest axonal projection in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS). The development of CST axons is the latest ...
The Control of Voluntary Eye Movements: New Perspectives
... direct projections to eye-movement-related structures in the brain stem such as the superior colliculus (SC) and premotor nuclei in the reticular formation (PMN). These pathways, which have figured prominently in the control of saccades, have been recently demonstrated to exist for pursuit cortical ...
... direct projections to eye-movement-related structures in the brain stem such as the superior colliculus (SC) and premotor nuclei in the reticular formation (PMN). These pathways, which have figured prominently in the control of saccades, have been recently demonstrated to exist for pursuit cortical ...
NORMATIVE AND PATHOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF AVERSIVE
... Learning theories of anxiety disorders Anxiety disorders are the most frequently diagnosed category of disorders in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM–5; American Psychiatric Association, 2013), affecting nearly one third of the U.S. population at some point during the li ...
... Learning theories of anxiety disorders Anxiety disorders are the most frequently diagnosed category of disorders in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM–5; American Psychiatric Association, 2013), affecting nearly one third of the U.S. population at some point during the li ...
Circuit Architecture of VTA Dopamine Neurons Revealed by
... neurons, we used DAT-Cre mice, in which Cre mimics the expression pattern of the plasma membrane dopamine transporter (Bäckman et al., 2006; Lammel et al., 2015), and GAD2Cre mice, in which Cre mimics the expression of glutamic acid decarboxylase-2 (Taniguchi et al., 2011), an enzyme that coverts g ...
... neurons, we used DAT-Cre mice, in which Cre mimics the expression pattern of the plasma membrane dopamine transporter (Bäckman et al., 2006; Lammel et al., 2015), and GAD2Cre mice, in which Cre mimics the expression of glutamic acid decarboxylase-2 (Taniguchi et al., 2011), an enzyme that coverts g ...
The Roles of the Amygdala and the Hippocampus in Fear
... Pavlov understood that the dogs somehow had learned to associate the food with his lab assistant and that the change in behavior must be the result of learning processes. Thus, the lab assistant that originally had been a neutral stimulus (didn’t evoke any response) had become associated with a US, ...
... Pavlov understood that the dogs somehow had learned to associate the food with his lab assistant and that the change in behavior must be the result of learning processes. Thus, the lab assistant that originally had been a neutral stimulus (didn’t evoke any response) had become associated with a US, ...
High-frequency stimulation in Parkinson`s disease: more
... activity in STN target structures – the globus pallidus (GP) and substantia nigra (SN). Burbaud et al. [26] and Tai et al. [27] have shown that brief STN-HFS (100–130 Hz, lasting for 20–120 s) in control or lesioned rats in vivo either decreases SN pars reticulata (SNr) firing rates or has no effect ...
... activity in STN target structures – the globus pallidus (GP) and substantia nigra (SN). Burbaud et al. [26] and Tai et al. [27] have shown that brief STN-HFS (100–130 Hz, lasting for 20–120 s) in control or lesioned rats in vivo either decreases SN pars reticulata (SNr) firing rates or has no effect ...
Functional segregation of the temporal lobes into highly
... ized on the left, whereas the tone-decision task activated the right auditory cortex to a higher extent. In agreement with other language studies (Frost et al., 1999; Kent, 1998; Price et al., 1999; Specht et al., 2003; Wise et al., 2001), Binder claimed four left-sided, distinct cortical language a ...
... ized on the left, whereas the tone-decision task activated the right auditory cortex to a higher extent. In agreement with other language studies (Frost et al., 1999; Kent, 1998; Price et al., 1999; Specht et al., 2003; Wise et al., 2001), Binder claimed four left-sided, distinct cortical language a ...
Focal local field potential (LFP) signature of the single
... has seen a revival in the last decade (Buzsáki et al., 2012; Einevoll et al., 2013). This signal, which results from transmembrane currents in thousands or more cells in the neural tissue surrounding the recording contact, is generally difficult to interpret, and a detailed mathematical analysis is ne ...
... has seen a revival in the last decade (Buzsáki et al., 2012; Einevoll et al., 2013). This signal, which results from transmembrane currents in thousands or more cells in the neural tissue surrounding the recording contact, is generally difficult to interpret, and a detailed mathematical analysis is ne ...
Focal local field potential (LFP) signature of the single
... has seen a revival in the last decade (Buzsáki et al., 2012; Einevoll et al., 2013). This signal, which results from transmembrane currents in thousands or more cells in the neural tissue surrounding the recording contact, is generally difficult to interpret, and a detailed mathematical analysis is ne ...
... has seen a revival in the last decade (Buzsáki et al., 2012; Einevoll et al., 2013). This signal, which results from transmembrane currents in thousands or more cells in the neural tissue surrounding the recording contact, is generally difficult to interpret, and a detailed mathematical analysis is ne ...
Ascending projections from spinal cord and brainstem to
... The injection site did not extend across the midline. Outside the thalamus, the injection site extended into the internal capsule and the overlying cortical areas, the lateral hypothalamus and the lateral tegmental field at the level of the midbrain. The injection site in case 2517 involved VA and VL ...
... The injection site did not extend across the midline. Outside the thalamus, the injection site extended into the internal capsule and the overlying cortical areas, the lateral hypothalamus and the lateral tegmental field at the level of the midbrain. The injection site in case 2517 involved VA and VL ...
superior Medullary Velum
... Vascularization of the superior medullary velum with the interpeduncular fossa, cerebral peduncle, midbrain, cerebellar cortex, inferior colliculus, lingula and vermis is reported to be from the vermian artery originating from the posterior cerebral artery (25). We did not study the vascular anatomy ...
... Vascularization of the superior medullary velum with the interpeduncular fossa, cerebral peduncle, midbrain, cerebellar cortex, inferior colliculus, lingula and vermis is reported to be from the vermian artery originating from the posterior cerebral artery (25). We did not study the vascular anatomy ...
Growth and Targeting of Subplate Axons and Establishment of Major
... directly into the thalamus. Layer 5 axons pass through the full extent of the internal capsule and extend into its continuation, the cerebral peduncle. The internal capsule serves as an axonal pathway not only for cortical efferents, but also for cortical afferents. For example, axons arising from t ...
... directly into the thalamus. Layer 5 axons pass through the full extent of the internal capsule and extend into its continuation, the cerebral peduncle. The internal capsule serves as an axonal pathway not only for cortical efferents, but also for cortical afferents. For example, axons arising from t ...
BMC Neuroscience
... with each other [15], and with distant sensory and association areas [17-20]. Here we tested whether geographic proximity or cortical type best explains the pattern of commissural projections linking prefrontal cortices. The prefrontal cortex is an ideal model system to investigate patterns of commi ...
... with each other [15], and with distant sensory and association areas [17-20]. Here we tested whether geographic proximity or cortical type best explains the pattern of commissural projections linking prefrontal cortices. The prefrontal cortex is an ideal model system to investigate patterns of commi ...
Patterned, But Not Tonic, Optogenetic Stimulation in Motor
... 12 h light/dark cycle with restricted food (18 g/d) and free water access. All experiments were conducted during the rats’ dark cycle. Before surgery, rats were trained to perform reach-to-grasp movements for 7 d (15 min/d), and the dominant paw was determined as described previously (Parr-Brownlie ...
... 12 h light/dark cycle with restricted food (18 g/d) and free water access. All experiments were conducted during the rats’ dark cycle. Before surgery, rats were trained to perform reach-to-grasp movements for 7 d (15 min/d), and the dominant paw was determined as described previously (Parr-Brownlie ...
Chapter 122: Neurocircuitry Of Parkinson`s Disease
... into subcircuits, each centered on specific cortical motor and premotor areas. Associative and limbic areas project preferentially to the parvocellular part of the VA and the dorsal VL nucleus (80,155,259), and may be transmitted in turn to prefrontal cortical areas (111,198), as well as motor and s ...
... into subcircuits, each centered on specific cortical motor and premotor areas. Associative and limbic areas project preferentially to the parvocellular part of the VA and the dorsal VL nucleus (80,155,259), and may be transmitted in turn to prefrontal cortical areas (111,198), as well as motor and s ...
Forward Processing of Long-Term Associative Memory in Monkey
... Figure 2. Stimulus-selective responses to both paired associates of two representative A36 neurons (A and B for one neuron; C and D for the other neuron). A, C, Raster displays and PSTHs in the optimal (optimal, thick black line) and pair ( pair, thick gray line) trials. The trials were aligned at t ...
... Figure 2. Stimulus-selective responses to both paired associates of two representative A36 neurons (A and B for one neuron; C and D for the other neuron). A, C, Raster displays and PSTHs in the optimal (optimal, thick black line) and pair ( pair, thick gray line) trials. The trials were aligned at t ...
In 1978 Mountcastle hypothesized that the smallest functional unit of
... Most of the experimental literature that has addressed the topographical organization within the primary somatosensory, visual, auditory, and motor cortical areas (and association cortex as well) at high resolution shows that while neighboring neurons exhibit a remarkable uniformity from the standpo ...
... Most of the experimental literature that has addressed the topographical organization within the primary somatosensory, visual, auditory, and motor cortical areas (and association cortex as well) at high resolution shows that while neighboring neurons exhibit a remarkable uniformity from the standpo ...
Orientation topography of layer 4 lateral networks revealed by
... the resulting anatomical maps compared with the optically imaged functional maps. Layer 4 injections produced extensive horizontal labelling up to 2±3 mm from the injection centres albeit without the clear patchy pattern described after layer 2/3 injections (Gilbert & Wiesel, 1989, J. Neurosci., 9, ...
... the resulting anatomical maps compared with the optically imaged functional maps. Layer 4 injections produced extensive horizontal labelling up to 2±3 mm from the injection centres albeit without the clear patchy pattern described after layer 2/3 injections (Gilbert & Wiesel, 1989, J. Neurosci., 9, ...
Timing in reward and decision processes
... discounting in close relationship to behavioural discounting. Cue responses in striatal neurons decrease with increasing delays to reward in parallel with decreasing preferences measured in binary behavioural choices [29]. Whereas the decreasing responses in caudate neurons reflect the differences i ...
... discounting in close relationship to behavioural discounting. Cue responses in striatal neurons decrease with increasing delays to reward in parallel with decreasing preferences measured in binary behavioural choices [29]. Whereas the decreasing responses in caudate neurons reflect the differences i ...
THE AUDITORY SYSTEM OF HOMOROCORYPHUS
... The directional information contained in the tympanic nerve response is enhance! in the central nervous system by the inhibitory effects of the ipsilateral tympanic nerve on the contralateral T fibre. This was also observed in Gampsocleis buergeri by Suga & Katsuki (1961). There is also a weak excit ...
... The directional information contained in the tympanic nerve response is enhance! in the central nervous system by the inhibitory effects of the ipsilateral tympanic nerve on the contralateral T fibre. This was also observed in Gampsocleis buergeri by Suga & Katsuki (1961). There is also a weak excit ...