Learning and memory in zebrafish larvae
... can be rapidly applied to zebrafish simply by immersing the fish in drug-containing water, which greatly simplifies pharmacological manipulation (Goldsmith, 2004). Undoubtedly one of the most attractive properties of the zebrafish as a model vertebrate organism for the study of behavior, however, is ...
... can be rapidly applied to zebrafish simply by immersing the fish in drug-containing water, which greatly simplifies pharmacological manipulation (Goldsmith, 2004). Undoubtedly one of the most attractive properties of the zebrafish as a model vertebrate organism for the study of behavior, however, is ...
The Neurons of the Medial Geniculate Body in the Mustached Bat
... mustached bats (Pteronotus parnellii). Their somatic and dendritic configurations were compared with those of cells in other, nonecholocating mammals. A second goal was to use the thalamic nuclear subdivisions derived from Golgi material to integrate the findings in parallel studies of cytoarchitect ...
... mustached bats (Pteronotus parnellii). Their somatic and dendritic configurations were compared with those of cells in other, nonecholocating mammals. A second goal was to use the thalamic nuclear subdivisions derived from Golgi material to integrate the findings in parallel studies of cytoarchitect ...
- University of Alberta
... that can lead to severe obesity. The abnormal motivation to eat in PWS suggests a disruption in the hedonic feeding pathway, which is feeding based on reward as opposed to physiological need. Hedonic feeding is controlled by dopaminergic neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and other regions ...
... that can lead to severe obesity. The abnormal motivation to eat in PWS suggests a disruption in the hedonic feeding pathway, which is feeding based on reward as opposed to physiological need. Hedonic feeding is controlled by dopaminergic neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and other regions ...
Vol 431 No 7010 pp723-882
... should desire those things deemed most valuable to it. All mobile organisms possess such discriminatory capacities and can rank numerous dimensions in their world along axes that extend from good to bad. A kind of facile biological wisdom is built into these simple observations and we should expect ...
... should desire those things deemed most valuable to it. All mobile organisms possess such discriminatory capacities and can rank numerous dimensions in their world along axes that extend from good to bad. A kind of facile biological wisdom is built into these simple observations and we should expect ...
A Brain-to-Brain Interface for Real
... correct trials) (Figure 2 A) than the decoder rats (64.32 6 1.1%; range: 60 – 72% correct trials; Binomial test: P , 0.05 in all sessions) (Figure 2 A and B). Yet, the performance of the decoder animals was above chance and highly significant. Indeed, in some experiments the decoder rat’s performanc ...
... correct trials) (Figure 2 A) than the decoder rats (64.32 6 1.1%; range: 60 – 72% correct trials; Binomial test: P , 0.05 in all sessions) (Figure 2 A and B). Yet, the performance of the decoder animals was above chance and highly significant. Indeed, in some experiments the decoder rat’s performanc ...
Chapter 29 - krigolson teaching
... lesion, and as a result they may not see everything in that hemifield, even though the sensory pathway from the eye to the striate and prestriate cortex is intact. This neglect of the contralateral visual hemifield extends to the neglect of the contralateral half of individual objects. Patients with ...
... lesion, and as a result they may not see everything in that hemifield, even though the sensory pathway from the eye to the striate and prestriate cortex is intact. This neglect of the contralateral visual hemifield extends to the neglect of the contralateral half of individual objects. Patients with ...
Auditory working memory: contributions of lateral prefrontal cortex
... of research has found the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) to be involved. This dissertation used auditory cues and found similar patterns of activity for processing auditory working memory information within a task compared to visual working memory processes. The first two experimental chapters ...
... of research has found the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) to be involved. This dissertation used auditory cues and found similar patterns of activity for processing auditory working memory information within a task compared to visual working memory processes. The first two experimental chapters ...
Episodic memory, amnesia, and the hippocampal–anterior thalamic
... each other for their respective roles in the encoding of episodic information and familiarity-based recognition. In particular, both the hippocampus and perirhinal cortex have independent links with other association cortical areas. 6. Although the hippocampus is closely linked to the anterior thala ...
... each other for their respective roles in the encoding of episodic information and familiarity-based recognition. In particular, both the hippocampus and perirhinal cortex have independent links with other association cortical areas. 6. Although the hippocampus is closely linked to the anterior thala ...
Target-specific differences in somatodendritic morphology of layer V
... Dendritic geometry has been shown to be a critical determinant of information processing and neuronal computation. However, it is not known whether cortical projection neurons that target different subcortical nuclei have distinct dendritic morphologies. In this study, fast blue retrograde tracing i ...
... Dendritic geometry has been shown to be a critical determinant of information processing and neuronal computation. However, it is not known whether cortical projection neurons that target different subcortical nuclei have distinct dendritic morphologies. In this study, fast blue retrograde tracing i ...
The neuropharmacology of impulsive behaviour
... findings have implicated the orbitofrontal cortex in impulsive action [20], whereas, to date, damage to this brain area was mainly found to produce or alter delay aversion [21– 24] and not impulsive action [25]. In addition, a role for limbic regions such as the habenula and hippocampus in impulsive ...
... findings have implicated the orbitofrontal cortex in impulsive action [20], whereas, to date, damage to this brain area was mainly found to produce or alter delay aversion [21– 24] and not impulsive action [25]. In addition, a role for limbic regions such as the habenula and hippocampus in impulsive ...
Caudal Topographic Nucleus Isthmi and the Rostra1
... dense terminals in the present material. Thus, tectal injections permitted analyses of both the dendritic and axonal arbors of Imc neurons. Large control injections of HRP into the medial or lateral half of the pontine tegmentum left Imc as a label-freeisland surrounded by densely labeled reticular ...
... dense terminals in the present material. Thus, tectal injections permitted analyses of both the dendritic and axonal arbors of Imc neurons. Large control injections of HRP into the medial or lateral half of the pontine tegmentum left Imc as a label-freeisland surrounded by densely labeled reticular ...
Kaczkurkin_umn_0130E_14221
... account, the CR creates an internal state of fear that functions as the US, thereby impeding extinction. Specifically, Eysenck suggests that anxious individuals experience the CR as significantly more “nocive” or unpleasant than non-anxious individuals. This arousal is suggested to be substantial en ...
... account, the CR creates an internal state of fear that functions as the US, thereby impeding extinction. Specifically, Eysenck suggests that anxious individuals experience the CR as significantly more “nocive” or unpleasant than non-anxious individuals. This arousal is suggested to be substantial en ...
Efficient Recruitment of Layer 2/3 Interneurons by Layer 4 Input in
... terminals of L4 spiny neurons depends on the identity of the postsynaptic interneuron, and (3) how L4-to-L2/3 interneuron connections compare with L4-to-L2/3 pyramidal neuron connections. We recorded from pairs of L4 spiny neurons and L2/3 interneurons in acute slices of rat barrel cortex of postnat ...
... terminals of L4 spiny neurons depends on the identity of the postsynaptic interneuron, and (3) how L4-to-L2/3 interneuron connections compare with L4-to-L2/3 pyramidal neuron connections. We recorded from pairs of L4 spiny neurons and L2/3 interneurons in acute slices of rat barrel cortex of postnat ...
Limbic structures, emotion, and memory
... Historical Background to the Concept of a Limbic System The use of the term “limbic” has changed over time, and although the concept of a limbic system is still in use (Mesulam, 2000; Catani et al., 2013), the concept is being replaced by the concept that there are different limbic structures, with ...
... Historical Background to the Concept of a Limbic System The use of the term “limbic” has changed over time, and although the concept of a limbic system is still in use (Mesulam, 2000; Catani et al., 2013), the concept is being replaced by the concept that there are different limbic structures, with ...
Neuronal Correlates of Sensorimotor Association in Stimulus
... direction in separate blocks of trials. Changes in neuronal activity, time locked to either target displacement or forearm movement, were found in the primary motor (MI) and PM cortices during the foreperiod and movement execution. Although Alexander and Crutcher mentioned that a significant proport ...
... direction in separate blocks of trials. Changes in neuronal activity, time locked to either target displacement or forearm movement, were found in the primary motor (MI) and PM cortices during the foreperiod and movement execution. Although Alexander and Crutcher mentioned that a significant proport ...
Cortical Parcellations of the Macaque Monkey
... 1991; Kaas 2005). The macaque monkey is the most intensively studied nonhuman primate, yet despite a century’s effort, an accurate, consensus cortical parcellation is lacking for most of macaque cortex. A primary reason is that differences between neighboring areas are often subtle when assessed by ...
... 1991; Kaas 2005). The macaque monkey is the most intensively studied nonhuman primate, yet despite a century’s effort, an accurate, consensus cortical parcellation is lacking for most of macaque cortex. A primary reason is that differences between neighboring areas are often subtle when assessed by ...
The Olfactory–Limbic System and Multiple Chemical
... After interneuron modulation the axons of the mitral and tufted cells bunch together to form the olfactory tract and project their axons to several higher olfactory centers in the brain (though, the projection sites of the mitral cells differ from those of the tufted cells). These higher olfactory c ...
... After interneuron modulation the axons of the mitral and tufted cells bunch together to form the olfactory tract and project their axons to several higher olfactory centers in the brain (though, the projection sites of the mitral cells differ from those of the tufted cells). These higher olfactory c ...
REWARD LEARNING: Reinforcement
... between a neuron carrying "stimulus" to a neuron generating "response." Complicate this circuit further with millions of additional neurons, as reallife brains certainly do, there still appeared no need for more than the three basic functions. For example, many of the basic features of stimulusrespo ...
... between a neuron carrying "stimulus" to a neuron generating "response." Complicate this circuit further with millions of additional neurons, as reallife brains certainly do, there still appeared no need for more than the three basic functions. For example, many of the basic features of stimulusrespo ...
NK1 receptor-expressing spinoparabrachial neurons trigger diffuse
... of 5% NaCl and pontamine sky blue. The brainstem was explored 2.4–3.0 mm lateral to the midline and between the frontal planes AP 1.1 and AP 2.6 mm from the interaural line [49]. Single unit activities were amplified and displayed on oscilloscopes, and were also led into a window discriminator conn ...
... of 5% NaCl and pontamine sky blue. The brainstem was explored 2.4–3.0 mm lateral to the midline and between the frontal planes AP 1.1 and AP 2.6 mm from the interaural line [49]. Single unit activities were amplified and displayed on oscilloscopes, and were also led into a window discriminator conn ...
Inhibitory Plasticity Balances Excitation and Inhibition in Sensory
... between excitatory and inhibitory synaptic inputs, the balance deteriorated when the delay between excitation and inhibition increased to values larger than the autocorrelation time of the input signals and the coincidence time of the Hebbian learning rule, but global balance still persisted (fig. S ...
... between excitatory and inhibitory synaptic inputs, the balance deteriorated when the delay between excitation and inhibition increased to values larger than the autocorrelation time of the input signals and the coincidence time of the Hebbian learning rule, but global balance still persisted (fig. S ...
The impact of continuity editing in narrative film on event segmentation
... and matches on action results in a stimulus that may not be too different from what the viewer would experience during a saccade. However, in addition to continuity edits, there are edits in which the filmmakers do not attempt to maintain continuity of space, time, or action. These edits occur most ...
... and matches on action results in a stimulus that may not be too different from what the viewer would experience during a saccade. However, in addition to continuity edits, there are edits in which the filmmakers do not attempt to maintain continuity of space, time, or action. These edits occur most ...
Epileptiform Activity Can Be Initiated in Various Neocortical Layers
... tion and treatment of the disease but also because the study of neuronal interactions during this process would reveal important features of the functional neuronal organization in the cortex. Pyramidal neurons in layer V of the neocortex have been thought to be responsible for initiation because py ...
... tion and treatment of the disease but also because the study of neuronal interactions during this process would reveal important features of the functional neuronal organization in the cortex. Pyramidal neurons in layer V of the neocortex have been thought to be responsible for initiation because py ...
Visual detection deficits following inactivation of the superior colliculus in the cat
... et al., 1982; Overton & Dean, 1988; Lomber et al., 2001). Unfortunately, the interpretation of these studies is limited because of one or more of the following considerations: (1) Most of these experiments used permanent ablation of the SC rather than reversible inactivation. SC ablation initially p ...
... et al., 1982; Overton & Dean, 1988; Lomber et al., 2001). Unfortunately, the interpretation of these studies is limited because of one or more of the following considerations: (1) Most of these experiments used permanent ablation of the SC rather than reversible inactivation. SC ablation initially p ...
Background - Harvard University
... of stimulus-response links that do not require mental processes such as intention, representation of goal, or consciousness. Although the explicit antimental stance reduced the impact of his concept, the purely behaviorist approach to studying reward function allowed scientists to acquire a huge bod ...
... of stimulus-response links that do not require mental processes such as intention, representation of goal, or consciousness. Although the explicit antimental stance reduced the impact of his concept, the purely behaviorist approach to studying reward function allowed scientists to acquire a huge bod ...