Repetition suppression - Philosophical Transactions of the Royal
... neuroscience. Over the last few decades, large-scale electrophysiological recordings in animal models have allowed for descriptions of neural activity at high spatio-temporal resolution. This has provided important insight into some of the underlying principles and mechanisms of neural coding, allow ...
... neuroscience. Over the last few decades, large-scale electrophysiological recordings in animal models have allowed for descriptions of neural activity at high spatio-temporal resolution. This has provided important insight into some of the underlying principles and mechanisms of neural coding, allow ...
Lesion of the perforant path triggers a biphasic neurogenic response
... occurs in areas d istant to a lesion site, astrocytes hypertrophy but rem ain tiled (Figure 2B; Wilhelm sson et al., 2006). In such cases, tissue reorganization is m inim al, and reactive astrogliosis resolves w ithin a few w eeks. H ow ever, follow ing m ore severe CN S insults such as m ajor trau ...
... occurs in areas d istant to a lesion site, astrocytes hypertrophy but rem ain tiled (Figure 2B; Wilhelm sson et al., 2006). In such cases, tissue reorganization is m inim al, and reactive astrogliosis resolves w ithin a few w eeks. H ow ever, follow ing m ore severe CN S insults such as m ajor trau ...
cortical input to the basal forebrain
... asymmetric synaptic contacts with neurons that were immunonegative for choline acetyltransferase, including spines and small dendrites (87%) or dendritic shafts (13%). Unequivocal evidence for synaptic interactions between tracer labeled terminals and cholinergic profiles could not be obtained in th ...
... asymmetric synaptic contacts with neurons that were immunonegative for choline acetyltransferase, including spines and small dendrites (87%) or dendritic shafts (13%). Unequivocal evidence for synaptic interactions between tracer labeled terminals and cholinergic profiles could not be obtained in th ...
associations
... presented with a partial description or distorted (noisy) version of the original pattern stored in it, and the task is to retrieve (recall) that particular pattern. •Hetero-association: In this task we want to pair an arbitrary set of input patterns to an arbitrary set of ...
... presented with a partial description or distorted (noisy) version of the original pattern stored in it, and the task is to retrieve (recall) that particular pattern. •Hetero-association: In this task we want to pair an arbitrary set of input patterns to an arbitrary set of ...
Do superior colliculus projection zones in the inferior pulvinar
... Twelve to 24 h after perfusion, the cortex and brainstem (including the thalamus) were cut into 40–50-µm sections on a freezing microtome. A block of flattened cortex containing the MT and other visual areas was cut parallel to the surface, and divided into three series of sections. One series was m ...
... Twelve to 24 h after perfusion, the cortex and brainstem (including the thalamus) were cut into 40–50-µm sections on a freezing microtome. A block of flattened cortex containing the MT and other visual areas was cut parallel to the surface, and divided into three series of sections. One series was m ...
Neural constraints on learning
... neurons to generate new activity patterns. As some behaviours are easier to learn than others1,2, we asked if some neural activity patterns are easier to generate than others. Here we investigate whether an existing network constrains the patterns that a subset of its neurons is capable of exhibitin ...
... neurons to generate new activity patterns. As some behaviours are easier to learn than others1,2, we asked if some neural activity patterns are easier to generate than others. Here we investigate whether an existing network constrains the patterns that a subset of its neurons is capable of exhibitin ...
What is the function of the claustrum? - Christof Koch
... nuclei. Many of the neurons in these areas code for local aspects of any one scene, such as the orientation of an edge, or the colour and depth of a surface patch. Much of this information is ambiguous and is compatible with many different interpretations of the overall scene. In mathematical terms, ...
... nuclei. Many of the neurons in these areas code for local aspects of any one scene, such as the orientation of an edge, or the colour and depth of a surface patch. Much of this information is ambiguous and is compatible with many different interpretations of the overall scene. In mathematical terms, ...
Eye fields in the frontal lobes of primates
... that allowed investigators to accurately measure eye movements; Ž3. the introduction of behavioral methods that made it possible to train animals to move their eyes in response to sensory stimuli in predictable, reproducible ways; Ž4. the development of techniques that allowed for making focal brain ...
... that allowed investigators to accurately measure eye movements; Ž3. the introduction of behavioral methods that made it possible to train animals to move their eyes in response to sensory stimuli in predictable, reproducible ways; Ž4. the development of techniques that allowed for making focal brain ...
Representation of Sounds in Auditory Cortex of Awake
... The brain is the most complex computational device known to Man. Not only does it mediate our orientation in both external (physical) and internal worlds, but—even more astonishingly—the brain enables study of itself. Yet, this amazing device is composed of only a limited set of neurons and their co ...
... The brain is the most complex computational device known to Man. Not only does it mediate our orientation in both external (physical) and internal worlds, but—even more astonishingly—the brain enables study of itself. Yet, this amazing device is composed of only a limited set of neurons and their co ...
Attention induces synchronization-based response gain in steady
... coherence of neural population responses might provide a mechanism that is especially effective for increasing the salience of high-contrast stimuli. This would complement the attentional modulations of neuronal spike rates, which may be potentially limited by response saturation at high contrast. O ...
... coherence of neural population responses might provide a mechanism that is especially effective for increasing the salience of high-contrast stimuli. This would complement the attentional modulations of neuronal spike rates, which may be potentially limited by response saturation at high contrast. O ...
Free recall and recognition in a network model of the... simulating effects of scopolamine on human memory function
... human memory function, we have developed a model of hippocampal episodic memory function which can be used to link these effects to specific parameters of cholinergic physiology. Modeling the hippocampus is appropriate because of the neuropsychological data showing that lesions of the hippocampus se ...
... human memory function, we have developed a model of hippocampal episodic memory function which can be used to link these effects to specific parameters of cholinergic physiology. Modeling the hippocampus is appropriate because of the neuropsychological data showing that lesions of the hippocampus se ...
Color responses of the human lateral geniculate nucleus: selective
... relation to the RG and Ach responses. We find that this effect generalizes across different stimulus contrasts and spatial stimuli (1-d and 2-d patterns), but is selective for temporal frequency, as it is not found for stimuli at 8 Hz. While the mechanism of this cortical enhancement of BY color vis ...
... relation to the RG and Ach responses. We find that this effect generalizes across different stimulus contrasts and spatial stimuli (1-d and 2-d patterns), but is selective for temporal frequency, as it is not found for stimuli at 8 Hz. While the mechanism of this cortical enhancement of BY color vis ...
1№S€EN1>IMÎ PATHWAYS FROM ТИК BRAIN STEM ТО ТИК
... from a Hamilton syringe in portions of 0.1-0.2yul over a period of 10-20 minutes. 3) lesions in the brain stem: following a midline skin incision and spreading of the temporal muscles a hole was drilled in the skull. After having incised the meninges, a lesion was made either by a surgical approach ...
... from a Hamilton syringe in portions of 0.1-0.2yul over a period of 10-20 minutes. 3) lesions in the brain stem: following a midline skin incision and spreading of the temporal muscles a hole was drilled in the skull. After having incised the meninges, a lesion was made either by a surgical approach ...
Odorant Category Profile Selectivity of Olfactory Cortex Neurons
... column shows (from top to bottom) the name of the category, abbreviation, molecular structure, component odorants in the present study. For individual neurons, responses to each mixture (3–7 odorants) used for the stimulation with each category, and the perceptual quality. B, Ventrolateral view of t ...
... column shows (from top to bottom) the name of the category, abbreviation, molecular structure, component odorants in the present study. For individual neurons, responses to each mixture (3–7 odorants) used for the stimulation with each category, and the perceptual quality. B, Ventrolateral view of t ...
The Effect of Slow Electrical Stimuli to Achieve Learning in Cultured
... Learning, or more generally, plasticity may be studied using cultured networks of rat cortical neurons on multi electrode arrays. Several protocols have been proposed to affect connectivity in such networks. One of these protocols, proposed by Shahaf and Marom, aimed to train the input-output relati ...
... Learning, or more generally, plasticity may be studied using cultured networks of rat cortical neurons on multi electrode arrays. Several protocols have been proposed to affect connectivity in such networks. One of these protocols, proposed by Shahaf and Marom, aimed to train the input-output relati ...
Relationship of Prefrontal Connections to Inhibitory Systems in Superior Temporal
... evidence in both human and non-human primates that all prefrontal cortices have a role in inhibitory control, albeit within the domain of their specialization (for reviews see Shimamura, 1995; Roberts and Wallis, 2000). The phenomenon of inhibitory control is exemplified at the functional level in th ...
... evidence in both human and non-human primates that all prefrontal cortices have a role in inhibitory control, albeit within the domain of their specialization (for reviews see Shimamura, 1995; Roberts and Wallis, 2000). The phenomenon of inhibitory control is exemplified at the functional level in th ...
Time Course and Time–Distance Relationships for Surround
... (triangle at left) is suppressed by an inhibitory neuron (black circle) that is driven by similarly tuned neurons displaced laterally in the cortex (triangles at right). We examined two aspects of timing for this circuit. First, we compared the timing of response onsets and offsets for CRF stimuli w ...
... (triangle at left) is suppressed by an inhibitory neuron (black circle) that is driven by similarly tuned neurons displaced laterally in the cortex (triangles at right). We examined two aspects of timing for this circuit. First, we compared the timing of response onsets and offsets for CRF stimuli w ...
Basal Ganglia - Adaptive Behaviour Research Group
... a group of highly interconnected brain structures with a critical influence over movement and cognition. The importance of these nuclei for a cluster of human brain disorders including Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and schizophrenia, has produced a century or more of strong clinical int ...
... a group of highly interconnected brain structures with a critical influence over movement and cognition. The importance of these nuclei for a cluster of human brain disorders including Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and schizophrenia, has produced a century or more of strong clinical int ...
KIDS, Inc. - School Neuropsych
... • Other thalamic nuclei are relay pathways for vision, hearing, and taste. • Other areas are relay nuclei for limbic structures. • Motor nuclei receive input from the cerebellum and the basal ganglia and project to the motor association cortex. • As the termination site for the RAS, it plays an ...
... • Other thalamic nuclei are relay pathways for vision, hearing, and taste. • Other areas are relay nuclei for limbic structures. • Motor nuclei receive input from the cerebellum and the basal ganglia and project to the motor association cortex. • As the termination site for the RAS, it plays an ...
LFP Power Spectra in V1 Cortex: The Graded Effect of Stimulus
... contents of the LFP are actually modulated by stimulus conditions. We studied the neural activity recorded in V1 of anesthetized and paralyzed monkeys to a series of grating patterns of ascending stimulus contrasts. The simultaneously sampled LFP and spike responses from these recordings were analyz ...
... contents of the LFP are actually modulated by stimulus conditions. We studied the neural activity recorded in V1 of anesthetized and paralyzed monkeys to a series of grating patterns of ascending stimulus contrasts. The simultaneously sampled LFP and spike responses from these recordings were analyz ...
Inan et al., 2006
... layer IV) on a vibratome (VT1000S; Leica) into 50-m-thick tangential sections. Sections were then mounted and dried for 1 d on a slide warmer at 37°C. Slides were dehydrated and rehydrated in graded alcohol, then fixed in 10% formalin (Sigma, St. Louis, MO) and stained with 0.2% cresyl violet solut ...
... layer IV) on a vibratome (VT1000S; Leica) into 50-m-thick tangential sections. Sections were then mounted and dried for 1 d on a slide warmer at 37°C. Slides were dehydrated and rehydrated in graded alcohol, then fixed in 10% formalin (Sigma, St. Louis, MO) and stained with 0.2% cresyl violet solut ...
Neurobiology of Economic Choice: A Good
... which to make a comparison. From this perspective, understanding the neural mechanisms of economic choice amounts to describing how values are computed and compared in the brain. Much research in recent years thus focused on the neural representation of economic value. As detailed in this review, a ...
... which to make a comparison. From this perspective, understanding the neural mechanisms of economic choice amounts to describing how values are computed and compared in the brain. Much research in recent years thus focused on the neural representation of economic value. As detailed in this review, a ...
SPHS 4050, Neurological Bases, PP 09a
... sense organs or muscles of head and neck with which they are associated – Relatively unprotected (susceptible to damage) – All twelve relevant to speech, language, communication hearing, &/or swallowing – When cranial nerves or their associated nuclei are damaged, this can be one of the causes of: • ...
... sense organs or muscles of head and neck with which they are associated – Relatively unprotected (susceptible to damage) – All twelve relevant to speech, language, communication hearing, &/or swallowing – When cranial nerves or their associated nuclei are damaged, this can be one of the causes of: • ...
Playing the electric light orchestra—how electrical stimulation of
... such as amblyopia, blindness and visual hallucinations. Prominent methods currently used to investigate the function of visual cortex are often correlational and include neuroimaging, such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and electrophysiological techniques, such as single cell neuro ...
... such as amblyopia, blindness and visual hallucinations. Prominent methods currently used to investigate the function of visual cortex are often correlational and include neuroimaging, such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and electrophysiological techniques, such as single cell neuro ...
Title Modulation of Conditioned Fear, Fear
... suffering from persistent pain often report with co-morbid anxiety disorders 1, and evidence suggests altered pain processing in patients suffering from anxiety disorders such as posttraumatic stress disorder 17. Thus, studies investigating neuronal mechanisms in brain regions commonly implicated in ...
... suffering from persistent pain often report with co-morbid anxiety disorders 1, and evidence suggests altered pain processing in patients suffering from anxiety disorders such as posttraumatic stress disorder 17. Thus, studies investigating neuronal mechanisms in brain regions commonly implicated in ...