the human entorhinal cortex
... The major findings of these studies were: 1A) The distribution of calcium-binding proteins largely followed the cytoarchitectonic borders of the eight subfields of the entorhinal cortex. Parvalbumin neurons were morphologically interneurons. Although calretinin and calbindin were localized in non-py ...
... The major findings of these studies were: 1A) The distribution of calcium-binding proteins largely followed the cytoarchitectonic borders of the eight subfields of the entorhinal cortex. Parvalbumin neurons were morphologically interneurons. Although calretinin and calbindin were localized in non-py ...
Can the negative deflections found with EEG on frontocentral
... In this chapter we will introduce how the different negativities on the frontocentral electrode were found and argue why we could assume they are the same negativities produced by an underlying process. The Negative Deflections One of the most studied ERP-component may be the P300 and is supposed to ...
... In this chapter we will introduce how the different negativities on the frontocentral electrode were found and argue why we could assume they are the same negativities produced by an underlying process. The Negative Deflections One of the most studied ERP-component may be the P300 and is supposed to ...
the functional properties of the light
... what are called associative functions, the neural mechanisms of those associations are still unclear. The second general concept is that the inferior parietal lobule is a higher order processing area of the visual system, for it is known to receive convergent inputs from both the geniculostriate and ...
... what are called associative functions, the neural mechanisms of those associations are still unclear. The second general concept is that the inferior parietal lobule is a higher order processing area of the visual system, for it is known to receive convergent inputs from both the geniculostriate and ...
Stereoscopic Mechanisms in Monkey Visual Cortex: Binocular
... rewarded with a drop of water. Criteria of 90% correct detections or better were reached by successive approximations, and trained animals performed 1000-l 300 trials during a recording session of 4-6 hr. Stereoscopic and monocular test stimuli were delivered during the periods of maintained eye fix ...
... rewarded with a drop of water. Criteria of 90% correct detections or better were reached by successive approximations, and trained animals performed 1000-l 300 trials during a recording session of 4-6 hr. Stereoscopic and monocular test stimuli were delivered during the periods of maintained eye fix ...
A forward genetic screen with a thalamocortical emx2
... concert by growing in opposite directions along the same pathway [1]. Some disorders such as epilepsy or schizophrenia may involve defects in the architecture of ...
... concert by growing in opposite directions along the same pathway [1]. Some disorders such as epilepsy or schizophrenia may involve defects in the architecture of ...
Modulation of Sympathetic and Somatomotor Function by the
... Strong lines of evidence also implicate RP in the descending control of thermoregulatory cold defense. Bicuculline microinjection into RP elicits nonshivering thermogenesis in the interscapular brown adipose tissue (BAT) (Morrison et al. 1999), whereas muscimol microinjection into RP blocks the BAT ...
... Strong lines of evidence also implicate RP in the descending control of thermoregulatory cold defense. Bicuculline microinjection into RP elicits nonshivering thermogenesis in the interscapular brown adipose tissue (BAT) (Morrison et al. 1999), whereas muscimol microinjection into RP blocks the BAT ...
Neural networks underlying parietal lobe seizures: A
... parietal lobe were explored. The schematic position of electrodes and the terminology used in our group is indicated in the Fig. 1. However the electrode map may be different from one patient to the other. The explored structures in each patient are indicated in supplemental table*. Signals were rec ...
... parietal lobe were explored. The schematic position of electrodes and the terminology used in our group is indicated in the Fig. 1. However the electrode map may be different from one patient to the other. The explored structures in each patient are indicated in supplemental table*. Signals were rec ...
ANALYSIS OF THE ACTIVITY OF THE CHAINS
... (1, 2, 9, 10, 11) having direct connections with the motoneurons there are pathways (3,4,5,7,8,12) that end in the reticular formation without direct connections with the motoneurons. Therefore the impulses which they carry can reach the motoneurons only after having crossed through an additional in ...
... (1, 2, 9, 10, 11) having direct connections with the motoneurons there are pathways (3,4,5,7,8,12) that end in the reticular formation without direct connections with the motoneurons. Therefore the impulses which they carry can reach the motoneurons only after having crossed through an additional in ...
the effects of microstimulation and microlesions in the ventral and
... elicited by microstimulation were readily observed on slow sweep speed traces. The data also were displayed at faster sweep speeds with the oscilloscope triggered by the recorded stimulus pulses. Whenever a short latency response to stimulation was observed in a single trial in any of the recorded s ...
... elicited by microstimulation were readily observed on slow sweep speed traces. The data also were displayed at faster sweep speeds with the oscilloscope triggered by the recorded stimulus pulses. Whenever a short latency response to stimulation was observed in a single trial in any of the recorded s ...
- CUNY Academic Works
... primary rewards acquire the ability to act as conditioned stimuli (CSs), which can elicit conditioned approach behaviors similar to the primary rewards with which they are associated. Involved in this type of learning is the brain’s reward system, the mesocorticolimbic dopamine (DA) system, which or ...
... primary rewards acquire the ability to act as conditioned stimuli (CSs), which can elicit conditioned approach behaviors similar to the primary rewards with which they are associated. Involved in this type of learning is the brain’s reward system, the mesocorticolimbic dopamine (DA) system, which or ...
Functional Properties of Neurons in Middle Temporal Visual Area of
... great majority of MT neurons (16, 6 1). Although this suggests that MT may somehow be involved in the analysis of motion, it does not resolve the nature of the processing actually occurring within MT nor does it identify which specific aspects of motion analysis might be served. Motion analysis is a ...
... great majority of MT neurons (16, 6 1). Although this suggests that MT may somehow be involved in the analysis of motion, it does not resolve the nature of the processing actually occurring within MT nor does it identify which specific aspects of motion analysis might be served. Motion analysis is a ...
Response Suppression in V1 Agrees with Psychophysics of
... consisting of a 750 msec stimulus display, followed by a 1050 msec response period. For one observer (BZL), the response period was reduced to 750 msec, and each block, thus, contained six instead of five trials. The surround contrast was the same in all trials of any given scan, but the pedestal co ...
... consisting of a 750 msec stimulus display, followed by a 1050 msec response period. For one observer (BZL), the response period was reduced to 750 msec, and each block, thus, contained six instead of five trials. The surround contrast was the same in all trials of any given scan, but the pedestal co ...
The cortical connections of area V6: an occipito
... made with a specially devised recording syringe in order to inject neuronal tracers into different parts of V6 (see Fig. 1). The recording syringe was a 1-mL Hamilton syringe with an Elgiloy microelectrode (Suzuki & Azuma, 1976) attached to the needle. The electrode tip protruded about 300 mm with r ...
... made with a specially devised recording syringe in order to inject neuronal tracers into different parts of V6 (see Fig. 1). The recording syringe was a 1-mL Hamilton syringe with an Elgiloy microelectrode (Suzuki & Azuma, 1976) attached to the needle. The electrode tip protruded about 300 mm with r ...
Layer III Neurons Control Synchronized Waves in the Immature
... and spatially filtered with a 3 ⫻ 3-pixel Gaussian kernel. The images were further smoothed through a 100 ms window hamming filter. Wide-field images were analyzed using custom-made Matlab routines with the image processing toolbox. Time periods during which the slice did not show activity were manu ...
... and spatially filtered with a 3 ⫻ 3-pixel Gaussian kernel. The images were further smoothed through a 100 ms window hamming filter. Wide-field images were analyzed using custom-made Matlab routines with the image processing toolbox. Time periods during which the slice did not show activity were manu ...
Response Differences in Monkey TE and Perirhinal Cortex: Stimulus
... Liu, Zheng and Barry J. Richmond. Response differences in monkey TE and perirhinal cortex: stimulus association related to reward schedules. J. Neurophysiol. 83: 1677–1692, 2000. Anatomic and behavioral evidence shows that TE and perirhinal cortices are two directly connected but distinct inferior t ...
... Liu, Zheng and Barry J. Richmond. Response differences in monkey TE and perirhinal cortex: stimulus association related to reward schedules. J. Neurophysiol. 83: 1677–1692, 2000. Anatomic and behavioral evidence shows that TE and perirhinal cortices are two directly connected but distinct inferior t ...
Expression of NADPH-d in the vagal nuclei of the
... Conclusion: The increased nitric oxide expressions in the dorsal vagal nucleus and nucleus tractus solitarius are most probably due to adaptive changes to disturbed esophageal motility and mucosal damage. Key words: Esophagitis, lower esophageal sphincter, nitric oxide, dorsal motor nucleus, nucleus ...
... Conclusion: The increased nitric oxide expressions in the dorsal vagal nucleus and nucleus tractus solitarius are most probably due to adaptive changes to disturbed esophageal motility and mucosal damage. Key words: Esophagitis, lower esophageal sphincter, nitric oxide, dorsal motor nucleus, nucleus ...
an integrative theory of prefrontal cortex function
... them. They provide bias signals throughout much of the rest of the brain, affecting not only visual processes but also other sensory modalities, as well as systems responsible for response execution, memory retrieval, emotional evaluation, etc. The aggregate effect of these bias signals is to guide ...
... them. They provide bias signals throughout much of the rest of the brain, affecting not only visual processes but also other sensory modalities, as well as systems responsible for response execution, memory retrieval, emotional evaluation, etc. The aggregate effect of these bias signals is to guide ...
Movement Disorders Following Cerebrovascular Lesion in the Basal
... four deep nuclei: 1) The putamen, which is the source of input to the basal ganglia, receives input from fibers emanating from the motor cortex. 2) The internal segment of the globus pallidus, also referred to as the globus pallidus interna (GPi), and the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr) are t ...
... four deep nuclei: 1) The putamen, which is the source of input to the basal ganglia, receives input from fibers emanating from the motor cortex. 2) The internal segment of the globus pallidus, also referred to as the globus pallidus interna (GPi), and the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr) are t ...
PDF - Folia Biologica
... Cajal who recognized that they are particularly abundant in the cortex of higher primates and in human neocortex, and therefore were likely to be responsible for higher brain functions (Ramón y Cajal, 1911). The specific functions of cortical GABAergic interneurons are accomplished through a remarkab ...
... Cajal who recognized that they are particularly abundant in the cortex of higher primates and in human neocortex, and therefore were likely to be responsible for higher brain functions (Ramón y Cajal, 1911). The specific functions of cortical GABAergic interneurons are accomplished through a remarkab ...
Long lnterfascicular Axon Growth from Embryonic Neurons
... (2) A small transplant of hippocampal cells (taken from the series in Davies et al., 1993) lay farther back and laterally at the level of the hippocampal flexure. This transplant straddled the boundary between the fimbria and stria terminalis, with some donor cells in both tracts. The transplanted c ...
... (2) A small transplant of hippocampal cells (taken from the series in Davies et al., 1993) lay farther back and laterally at the level of the hippocampal flexure. This transplant straddled the boundary between the fimbria and stria terminalis, with some donor cells in both tracts. The transplanted c ...
Anatomical origins of ocular dominance in mouse primary visual cortex
... Retina—Areas for regions of binocular correspondence were defined as previously described (Dräger and Olsen, 1980). The vertical meridian (which corresponds to the line of decussation, see Figure 1A) was easily identifiable because the ventrotemporal crescent (VTC) (i.e. the ipsilaterally projecting ...
... Retina—Areas for regions of binocular correspondence were defined as previously described (Dräger and Olsen, 1980). The vertical meridian (which corresponds to the line of decussation, see Figure 1A) was easily identifiable because the ventrotemporal crescent (VTC) (i.e. the ipsilaterally projecting ...
Olfactory pathway
... the temporal lobe (uncus). Then to olfactory association cortex (anterior part of parahippocampal gyrus or entorinal area). The primary olfactory area and olfactory association cortex are referred to as the pyriform cortex. It is responsible for the appreciation of olfactory stimuli. ...
... the temporal lobe (uncus). Then to olfactory association cortex (anterior part of parahippocampal gyrus or entorinal area). The primary olfactory area and olfactory association cortex are referred to as the pyriform cortex. It is responsible for the appreciation of olfactory stimuli. ...
Coordinated Optimization of Visual Cortical Maps
... perturbative treatment, however, gives no information on the speed with which singularities will crystallize into highly ordered arrays. It is conceivable that this process may occur on very long timescales. If this was the case, developmental optimization may lead to long-lived spatially irregular ...
... perturbative treatment, however, gives no information on the speed with which singularities will crystallize into highly ordered arrays. It is conceivable that this process may occur on very long timescales. If this was the case, developmental optimization may lead to long-lived spatially irregular ...
Mapping From Motor Cortex to Biceps and Triceps Altered By Elbow
... complex movements. These movements were reliable and could even be evoked under anesthesia. Two general observations emerged from this stimulation study. First, stimulation of each site caused the relevant joints to move in a goal-directed fashion into a specific final posture regardless of the init ...
... complex movements. These movements were reliable and could even be evoked under anesthesia. Two general observations emerged from this stimulation study. First, stimulation of each site caused the relevant joints to move in a goal-directed fashion into a specific final posture regardless of the init ...
THE VISUAL CLAUSTRUM OF THE CAT I. Structure and Connections`
... preparations, is of large, angular, and densely staining somata. Near the edges of the claustrum, these tend to be elongated parallel to the edge, but elsewhere, there is no orderly alignment of cells like that characteristic of cerebral cortex. In Golgi preparations, two common cell types and a thi ...
... preparations, is of large, angular, and densely staining somata. Near the edges of the claustrum, these tend to be elongated parallel to the edge, but elsewhere, there is no orderly alignment of cells like that characteristic of cerebral cortex. In Golgi preparations, two common cell types and a thi ...