Sleep Spindles as Facilitators of Memory Formation and Learning
... experimental evidence of the role of spindles in synaptic plasticity will be discussed. Sejnowski and Destexhe [40] hypothesized that sleep spindles may contribute to learning by triggering calcium influx into pyramidal cells of neocortex that then induces the relevant plasticity processes. Indeed, ...
... experimental evidence of the role of spindles in synaptic plasticity will be discussed. Sejnowski and Destexhe [40] hypothesized that sleep spindles may contribute to learning by triggering calcium influx into pyramidal cells of neocortex that then induces the relevant plasticity processes. Indeed, ...
Changes of Synaptic Density in the Primary Visual Cortex of the
... In the past two decades, the primate visual cortex has come to be associated with a remarkable capacity for functional and anatomical plasticity during pre- and postnatal developmental periods (e.g., Rakic, 1976, 1977b; Hubel et al., 1977; Blakemore et al., 1978, 198 1). It is generally agreed that ...
... In the past two decades, the primate visual cortex has come to be associated with a remarkable capacity for functional and anatomical plasticity during pre- and postnatal developmental periods (e.g., Rakic, 1976, 1977b; Hubel et al., 1977; Blakemore et al., 1978, 198 1). It is generally agreed that ...
Pontine Gustatory Activity Is Altered by Electrical Stimulation in the
... For 10 s before and for longer after stimulus offset, a separate outflow nozzle delivered deionized-distilled water to the same locus on the tongue. During the rinse period, the stimulus delivery line and nozzle were flushed with water. Gustatory neurons were tested for responsiveness to 0.3 M sucro ...
... For 10 s before and for longer after stimulus offset, a separate outflow nozzle delivered deionized-distilled water to the same locus on the tongue. During the rinse period, the stimulus delivery line and nozzle were flushed with water. Gustatory neurons were tested for responsiveness to 0.3 M sucro ...
Olfactory Learning in Drosophila: Learning from Models
... It is worth making a distinction between UR and CR, as they are not necessarily identical. Classical condition became famous by Ivan Pavlov’s seminal work around the turn of the 20th century ([1], therefore known as Pavlovian conditioning). In his experiments Pavlov trained dogs to associate the pre ...
... It is worth making a distinction between UR and CR, as they are not necessarily identical. Classical condition became famous by Ivan Pavlov’s seminal work around the turn of the 20th century ([1], therefore known as Pavlovian conditioning). In his experiments Pavlov trained dogs to associate the pre ...
Central mechanisms regulating coordinated cardiovascular and
... activity, and respiratory activity. Furthermore, c-Fos expression occurs only after sustained stimulation of neurons and so this method cannot be used to identify cell populations activated by brief alerting stimuli. Nevertheless, even though many questions remain unanswered, recent studies have pro ...
... activity, and respiratory activity. Furthermore, c-Fos expression occurs only after sustained stimulation of neurons and so this method cannot be used to identify cell populations activated by brief alerting stimuli. Nevertheless, even though many questions remain unanswered, recent studies have pro ...
The Effects of Short-term and Long-term Learning on the Responses
... mainly used for stimulus and unit selection. We will briefly report some results from these tasks, but our focus here will be on the main task, an active shape–saccade association task (see below). Location selectivity mapping task. In the location selectivity mapping task, a yellow fixation square ...
... mainly used for stimulus and unit selection. We will briefly report some results from these tasks, but our focus here will be on the main task, an active shape–saccade association task (see below). Location selectivity mapping task. In the location selectivity mapping task, a yellow fixation square ...
Manuscript_text
... effects of intraperitoneal injection of harmane (2.5 and 10 mg/kg) on fear-conditioned (FC) behaviour, hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis activity, and monoaminergic activity within specific fear-associated areas of the rat brain. Harmane had no significant effect on the duration of contextually ind ...
... effects of intraperitoneal injection of harmane (2.5 and 10 mg/kg) on fear-conditioned (FC) behaviour, hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis activity, and monoaminergic activity within specific fear-associated areas of the rat brain. Harmane had no significant effect on the duration of contextually ind ...
- Hayden Lab
... see Experimental Procedures). To match the criteria used above, these analyses do not include trials with safe options; however, if we repeat the analysis but include the safe offer trials as well, we still find an anticorrelation (r = 0.162, p = 0.044). We have shown that neurons encode the value o ...
... see Experimental Procedures). To match the criteria used above, these analyses do not include trials with safe options; however, if we repeat the analysis but include the safe offer trials as well, we still find an anticorrelation (r = 0.162, p = 0.044). We have shown that neurons encode the value o ...
Propagation of cortical synfire activity: survival probability in single
... If all neurons in the ®rst group are activated synchronously, they will cause the neurons of the second group to ®re synchronously and so on. Thus, each activated group will pass a spike volley on to the next group. This process will continue, until either the chain comes to an end, or other (e.g. i ...
... If all neurons in the ®rst group are activated synchronously, they will cause the neurons of the second group to ®re synchronously and so on. Thus, each activated group will pass a spike volley on to the next group. This process will continue, until either the chain comes to an end, or other (e.g. i ...
Neural circuits underlying the generation of theta oscillations
... In the behaving rat, hippocampal theta oscillations are accompanied by high cholinergic tone (Jasper and Tessier, 1971; Zhang et al., 2010). In order to tune the network state into theta regime, the hippocampal activity diverges from a resting state characterized by sharp-wave-ripple complexes (Csic ...
... In the behaving rat, hippocampal theta oscillations are accompanied by high cholinergic tone (Jasper and Tessier, 1971; Zhang et al., 2010). In order to tune the network state into theta regime, the hippocampal activity diverges from a resting state characterized by sharp-wave-ripple complexes (Csic ...
The W cell pathway to cat primary visual cortex
... Terminals originating from the C laminae. We sampled a total of 231 synaptic boutons from layers 1, 2/3, and 5 (95 from layer 1, 69 from layer 2/3, and 67 from layer 5) in two cats. Almost half (118 boutons) were sectioned serially and completely reconstructed. The remainder (113) were less complete ...
... Terminals originating from the C laminae. We sampled a total of 231 synaptic boutons from layers 1, 2/3, and 5 (95 from layer 1, 69 from layer 2/3, and 67 from layer 5) in two cats. Almost half (118 boutons) were sectioned serially and completely reconstructed. The remainder (113) were less complete ...
Axo-axonic synapses formed by somatostatin
... terminals lack PV and express corticotropin releasing factor or calbindin (DeFelipe et al., 1985; Lewis and Lund, 1990; Peters and Harriman, 1990; Del Rio and DeFelipe, 1997), raising the possibility that in addition to inputs from PV neurons axon initial segments may be innervated by other cell typ ...
... terminals lack PV and express corticotropin releasing factor or calbindin (DeFelipe et al., 1985; Lewis and Lund, 1990; Peters and Harriman, 1990; Del Rio and DeFelipe, 1997), raising the possibility that in addition to inputs from PV neurons axon initial segments may be innervated by other cell typ ...
Forebrain Origins and Terminations of the Medial Forebrain Bundle
... the anterior ventral tegmentum (C. Bielajew and P. Shizgal, manuscript submitted for publication; Gallistel et al., 1981). The detailed quantitative information from these new behavioral methods makes it reasonable to use microelectrode recording methods in a search for the somata of axons that cour ...
... the anterior ventral tegmentum (C. Bielajew and P. Shizgal, manuscript submitted for publication; Gallistel et al., 1981). The detailed quantitative information from these new behavioral methods makes it reasonable to use microelectrode recording methods in a search for the somata of axons that cour ...
What in the brain tells us that this is pain - HAL
... subserve nociception, and which are necessary and sufficient to trigger in normal humans the complex and multifocal experience we call “pain”. We shall first delineate the features that a cortical area should exhibit to aspire to a specific role in nociception, and show that the only region in human ...
... subserve nociception, and which are necessary and sufficient to trigger in normal humans the complex and multifocal experience we call “pain”. We shall first delineate the features that a cortical area should exhibit to aspire to a specific role in nociception, and show that the only region in human ...
Heterogeneity of the Population of Command Neurons in the Lamprey
... The influences could be seen in the ventral root branches both ipsilateral and contralateral to an RS neuron. The amplitude of the response, that is, a deviation of the summated M N activity from the level observed before the arrival of the RS spike, and the response duration varied considerably. Fo ...
... The influences could be seen in the ventral root branches both ipsilateral and contralateral to an RS neuron. The amplitude of the response, that is, a deviation of the summated M N activity from the level observed before the arrival of the RS spike, and the response duration varied considerably. Fo ...
HTM Cortical Learning Algorithms
... required discovering the temporal statistics, i.e. predicting where the user would click next by recognizing typical user patterns. The temporal learning algorithms in HTMs are ideal for such problems. ...
... required discovering the temporal statistics, i.e. predicting where the user would click next by recognizing typical user patterns. The temporal learning algorithms in HTMs are ideal for such problems. ...
Human frequency-following response: representation of pitch
... to the fundamental are present in the responses of auditory nerve ¢bers (Young and Sachs, 1979; Rose, 1980; Delgutte, 1980; Voigt et al., 1982; Evans, 1983; Miller and Sachs, 1984; Greenberg, 1986; Palmer et al., 1986). The predominant interval hypothesis holds that the perceived pitch corresponds t ...
... to the fundamental are present in the responses of auditory nerve ¢bers (Young and Sachs, 1979; Rose, 1980; Delgutte, 1980; Voigt et al., 1982; Evans, 1983; Miller and Sachs, 1984; Greenberg, 1986; Palmer et al., 1986). The predominant interval hypothesis holds that the perceived pitch corresponds t ...
ATLAS OF FUNCTIONAL NEUROANATOMY
... color coding is included after the list of illustrations.) Much of the subject matter’s difficulty is terminology — complex, difficult to spell, sometimes inconsistent, with a Latin base, and sometimes with names of individuals (used often by neurologists, neurosurgeons, and neuroradiologists). A gl ...
... color coding is included after the list of illustrations.) Much of the subject matter’s difficulty is terminology — complex, difficult to spell, sometimes inconsistent, with a Latin base, and sometimes with names of individuals (used often by neurologists, neurosurgeons, and neuroradiologists). A gl ...
Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) expression and inhibitory
... AC. In a behavioral go-no-go task, the VIP neurons are strongly activated by reward and punishment, i.e. reinforcement signals. Another study looked in the somatosensory cortex (barrel cortex) and found that whisking behavior recruited VIP activity, which preferentially inhibits SST cells (Lee, Krug ...
... AC. In a behavioral go-no-go task, the VIP neurons are strongly activated by reward and punishment, i.e. reinforcement signals. Another study looked in the somatosensory cortex (barrel cortex) and found that whisking behavior recruited VIP activity, which preferentially inhibits SST cells (Lee, Krug ...
Physiological Patterns in the Hippocampo
... difficulty in the entorhinal cortex is the lack of objective and reliable criteria for cell classification and unit separation methods, as well as the more complex cortical connectivity compared to the “simple” hippocampal regions. These methodological difficulties need to be worked out before any m ...
... difficulty in the entorhinal cortex is the lack of objective and reliable criteria for cell classification and unit separation methods, as well as the more complex cortical connectivity compared to the “simple” hippocampal regions. These methodological difficulties need to be worked out before any m ...
Physiological patterns in the hippocampo
... difficulty in the entorhinal cortex is the lack of objective and reliable criteria for cell classification and unit separation methods, as well as the more complex cortical connectivity compared to the “simple” hippocampal regions. These methodological difficulties need to be worked out before any m ...
... difficulty in the entorhinal cortex is the lack of objective and reliable criteria for cell classification and unit separation methods, as well as the more complex cortical connectivity compared to the “simple” hippocampal regions. These methodological difficulties need to be worked out before any m ...
Electrolytic lesion of globus pallidus ameliorates the behavioral and
... these measures were compared between the striatal and combined Žstriatal and pallidal. groups. No difference in dorsal striatal size was found, suggesting no differential shrinkage or swelling of the brain as a result of lesion or fixation. The striatal lesions were located in the medial half of the ...
... these measures were compared between the striatal and combined Žstriatal and pallidal. groups. No difference in dorsal striatal size was found, suggesting no differential shrinkage or swelling of the brain as a result of lesion or fixation. The striatal lesions were located in the medial half of the ...
A Simple Biophysically Plausible Model for Long Time
... the first presentation and then decays, information about the first presentation is lost. Even if the neuron responds to both presentations in an additive fashion, this is still not sufficient to code for the history. Consider the interval after presentation of the first stimulus. Let us denote the ...
... the first presentation and then decays, information about the first presentation is lost. Even if the neuron responds to both presentations in an additive fashion, this is still not sufficient to code for the history. Consider the interval after presentation of the first stimulus. Let us denote the ...
Move to the rhythm: oscillations in the subthalamic nucleus–external
... basal ganglia output nuclei, the STN and GPe are in a position to influence powerfully the communication of the basal ganglia with the rest of the brain (Fig. 1). An important model of basal ganglia dysfunction, commonly used to explain the motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease (PD), implies that th ...
... basal ganglia output nuclei, the STN and GPe are in a position to influence powerfully the communication of the basal ganglia with the rest of the brain (Fig. 1). An important model of basal ganglia dysfunction, commonly used to explain the motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease (PD), implies that th ...
The Cytoarchitectonic Map of Constantin von Economo and Georg N
... Abstract In 1925 Constantin von Economo (1876–1931) and Georg N. Koskinas (1885–1975), working in the Psychiatric Clinic of Julius Wagner-Jauregg (1857–1940) at the University of Vienna, published their monumental Atlas and Textbook of Cytoarchitectonics of the Adult Human Cerebral Cortex, following ...
... Abstract In 1925 Constantin von Economo (1876–1931) and Georg N. Koskinas (1885–1975), working in the Psychiatric Clinic of Julius Wagner-Jauregg (1857–1940) at the University of Vienna, published their monumental Atlas and Textbook of Cytoarchitectonics of the Adult Human Cerebral Cortex, following ...