Number and Laminar Distribution of Neurons in a
... previously estimated by extrapolations based on measurements of neuron density (sampled using Sterio’s disector method; Sterio 1984). However, the estimates for neuron density in rat somatosensory cortex varied by almost a factor of 2: between 48 000 per cubic millimeter (Beaulieu 1993) and 77 000 p ...
... previously estimated by extrapolations based on measurements of neuron density (sampled using Sterio’s disector method; Sterio 1984). However, the estimates for neuron density in rat somatosensory cortex varied by almost a factor of 2: between 48 000 per cubic millimeter (Beaulieu 1993) and 77 000 p ...
Horizontal Synaptic Connections in Monkey Prefrontal Cortex: An In
... projections were well preserved in PFC slices cut in the coronal plane. Postsynaptic currents were evoked by low-intensity electrical extracellular stimulation applied successively to 20–30 discrete sites located up to 2200 µm lateral to the recorded cell. Several criteria were applied to discrimina ...
... projections were well preserved in PFC slices cut in the coronal plane. Postsynaptic currents were evoked by low-intensity electrical extracellular stimulation applied successively to 20–30 discrete sites located up to 2200 µm lateral to the recorded cell. Several criteria were applied to discrimina ...
Attention maps in the brain - Site BU
... Our fMRI attention experiments began with the question of how visual cortical processing of a moving stimulus is influenced by attention.36 These experiments depended critically on the ability to distinguish the visual cortical representations of different parts of the visual field. The cortical rep ...
... Our fMRI attention experiments began with the question of how visual cortical processing of a moving stimulus is influenced by attention.36 These experiments depended critically on the ability to distinguish the visual cortical representations of different parts of the visual field. The cortical rep ...
Neuroanatomical correlates of the near response: voluntary
... FIG. 1. (A) Human dioptric focusing system and efferent pathways from the autonomic nervous system (ANS) to the ciliary muscle. The major innervation to the ciliary muscle is parasympathetic and follows the pathway shown by the thick solid lines. The parasympathetic pathway originates in the Edinger ...
... FIG. 1. (A) Human dioptric focusing system and efferent pathways from the autonomic nervous system (ANS) to the ciliary muscle. The major innervation to the ciliary muscle is parasympathetic and follows the pathway shown by the thick solid lines. The parasympathetic pathway originates in the Edinger ...
Neural representation of object orientation: A dissociation between
... ordered blocks of object images (different from those used in the main experiment) and 8 blocks of scrambled images (Park et al., 2007; Grill-Spector et al., 1999). Scrambled images were created by dividing the object images into a 16 × 16 square grid and randomly shuffling the squares based on eccen ...
... ordered blocks of object images (different from those used in the main experiment) and 8 blocks of scrambled images (Park et al., 2007; Grill-Spector et al., 1999). Scrambled images were created by dividing the object images into a 16 × 16 square grid and randomly shuffling the squares based on eccen ...
Short frontal lobe connections of the human brain
... Through long-range projection and association fibres the frontal lobes receive sensory information from subcortical nuclei (e.g., thalamus) and sensory cortices (i.e., visual, auditory, somatosensory, gustatory and olfactory) and respond to environmental stimuli. These connections are also used to e ...
... Through long-range projection and association fibres the frontal lobes receive sensory information from subcortical nuclei (e.g., thalamus) and sensory cortices (i.e., visual, auditory, somatosensory, gustatory and olfactory) and respond to environmental stimuli. These connections are also used to e ...
Modulation of Behavior by Expected Reward Magnitude Depends
... how the pDMS modulates reward-seeking responses that are guided by visual cues. In particular, we were interested how dopamine (DA) influences these processes. There is substantial evidence that DA signals carry information about the reward predicted by distinct cues (Schultz 2007; Tobler et al. 200 ...
... how the pDMS modulates reward-seeking responses that are guided by visual cues. In particular, we were interested how dopamine (DA) influences these processes. There is substantial evidence that DA signals carry information about the reward predicted by distinct cues (Schultz 2007; Tobler et al. 200 ...
Visuomotor Functions in the Frontal Lobe
... project to visual area V4 and the medial temporal area (MT), and those projecting to V4 receive input from area 46v, whereas those projecting to MT receive input from both area 46v and the supplementary eye field (SEF) (Ninomiya et al. 2012). Findings such as these contradict the hoary dictum that “ ...
... project to visual area V4 and the medial temporal area (MT), and those projecting to V4 receive input from area 46v, whereas those projecting to MT receive input from both area 46v and the supplementary eye field (SEF) (Ninomiya et al. 2012). Findings such as these contradict the hoary dictum that “ ...
62 Cranial Nerve VII: The Facial Nerve And Taste
... The intermediate nerve joins the motor segment at the point where it exits from the pons . The intermediate nerve is composed of contributions from three areas : 1 . The superior salivary nucleus in the pons supplies secretory fibers . They go to (a) the lacrimal, nasal, and palatine glands (via the ...
... The intermediate nerve joins the motor segment at the point where it exits from the pons . The intermediate nerve is composed of contributions from three areas : 1 . The superior salivary nucleus in the pons supplies secretory fibers . They go to (a) the lacrimal, nasal, and palatine glands (via the ...
View PDF - MRC Brain Network Dynamics Unit
... running Spike2 acquisition and analysis software (version 4; Cambridge Electronic Design, Cambridge, UK). Data from the recording session were first scrutinized for ECG and respiration artifacts. LFP data contaminated with ECG artifact were rejected. The occasional influence of a respiration artifac ...
... running Spike2 acquisition and analysis software (version 4; Cambridge Electronic Design, Cambridge, UK). Data from the recording session were first scrutinized for ECG and respiration artifacts. LFP data contaminated with ECG artifact were rejected. The occasional influence of a respiration artifac ...
Revised_BJP_MS_
... 2006), and it is possible that this endocannabinoid may play a protective role in these conditions, all of which have a neuroinflammatory/neuroimmune component. Indeed, evidence from in vitro studies indicates that 2-AG induces suppressive effects on immune function by reducing inflammatory cytokine ...
... 2006), and it is possible that this endocannabinoid may play a protective role in these conditions, all of which have a neuroinflammatory/neuroimmune component. Indeed, evidence from in vitro studies indicates that 2-AG induces suppressive effects on immune function by reducing inflammatory cytokine ...
Sources of the Scalp-Recorded Amplitude
... Despite the AMFR's growing reputation as an objective method for hearing evaluation, we know little about its neural generators . Scalprecorded AMFRs to SAM tones in humans (Kuwada et al, 1986) and in gerbils (Dolphin and Mountain, 1992) appear to reflect the activity of multiple generators . Differ ...
... Despite the AMFR's growing reputation as an objective method for hearing evaluation, we know little about its neural generators . Scalprecorded AMFRs to SAM tones in humans (Kuwada et al, 1986) and in gerbils (Dolphin and Mountain, 1992) appear to reflect the activity of multiple generators . Differ ...
Hunger Modulates the Responses to Gustatory Stimuli
... 1. In order to determine whether the responsiveness of neurons in the caudolateral orbitofrontal cortex (a secondary cortical gustatory area) is influenced by hunger, the activity evoked by prototypical taste stimuli (glucose, NaCI, HCI, and quinine hydrochloride) and fruit juice was recorded in sin ...
... 1. In order to determine whether the responsiveness of neurons in the caudolateral orbitofrontal cortex (a secondary cortical gustatory area) is influenced by hunger, the activity evoked by prototypical taste stimuli (glucose, NaCI, HCI, and quinine hydrochloride) and fruit juice was recorded in sin ...
Imitation: is cognitive neuroscience solving the correspondence
... that learning of this kind can occur whenever we look down and watch our own actions. However, it points out that self-observation of an opaque movement will normally give rise to a ‘nonmatching vertical association’, i.e. to a visuo-motor link that cannot support imitation because the visual compon ...
... that learning of this kind can occur whenever we look down and watch our own actions. However, it points out that self-observation of an opaque movement will normally give rise to a ‘nonmatching vertical association’, i.e. to a visuo-motor link that cannot support imitation because the visual compon ...
Brain Stimulation for Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders
... According to the classic model of the direct and indirect pathways of the basal ganglia thalamocortical system (DeLong, 1990), depletion of DA in the substantial nigra exerts dual effects on its projection area, the striatum. DA depletion can produce disinhibition via D2 receptors and inhibition via ...
... According to the classic model of the direct and indirect pathways of the basal ganglia thalamocortical system (DeLong, 1990), depletion of DA in the substantial nigra exerts dual effects on its projection area, the striatum. DA depletion can produce disinhibition via D2 receptors and inhibition via ...
Experience-dependent corticofugal adjustment
... observed in the central nucleus of the IC by Yan and Suga (11), we delivered ASr in the same way as in that research. The BFs of single or multiple IC neurons were measured before and after 30-min delivery of ASr. (Step 2) To examine whether auditory experience based on associative learning evokes a ...
... observed in the central nucleus of the IC by Yan and Suga (11), we delivered ASr in the same way as in that research. The BFs of single or multiple IC neurons were measured before and after 30-min delivery of ASr. (Step 2) To examine whether auditory experience based on associative learning evokes a ...
Amo, Neuron, 2014
... neuron before, during and after conditioning. Pink and red shadows indicate the period of CS (0–5.5 s) and US (5–5.5 s), respectively. The insets show the timelapse histograms of the first trial in the Cd1 session. (F and G) The averages of activity increase from the base line activity (4.5 s to 2 s ...
... neuron before, during and after conditioning. Pink and red shadows indicate the period of CS (0–5.5 s) and US (5–5.5 s), respectively. The insets show the timelapse histograms of the first trial in the Cd1 session. (F and G) The averages of activity increase from the base line activity (4.5 s to 2 s ...
Alzheimer-like neurodegeneration in aged antinerve growth factor
... S. C., A.C., E. Di Daniel, J. Franzot, S. Gonfloni, G. Rossi, N. B. & A. C. (2000) J. Neurosci., 20, 2589 –2601]. In this paper, we analyze the phenotype of aged anti-NGF transgenic mice and demonstrate that these mice acquire an age-dependent neurodegenerative pathology including amyloid plaques, i ...
... S. C., A.C., E. Di Daniel, J. Franzot, S. Gonfloni, G. Rossi, N. B. & A. C. (2000) J. Neurosci., 20, 2589 –2601]. In this paper, we analyze the phenotype of aged anti-NGF transgenic mice and demonstrate that these mice acquire an age-dependent neurodegenerative pathology including amyloid plaques, i ...
Receptive fields and suppressive fields in the
... et al., 1999). Moreover, experiments with sums of gratings (test and mask, Figure 3B,C) have allowed one to measure suppression independently of stimulation (Bonin et al., 2002; Bonin et al., 2003a; Bonin et al., 2003b). We will see shortly that these experiments allow the development of a quantitat ...
... et al., 1999). Moreover, experiments with sums of gratings (test and mask, Figure 3B,C) have allowed one to measure suppression independently of stimulation (Bonin et al., 2002; Bonin et al., 2003a; Bonin et al., 2003b). We will see shortly that these experiments allow the development of a quantitat ...
the distribution of the cells of origin of callosal projections in cat
... defined cortical areas. Exposing the severed ends of the corpus callosum to HRP resulted in the labeling of neurons in all retinotopically defined cortical areas (Figs. 2 and 3). The density of labeling varied, but there were relatively few regions of the cortex where labeling was absent. HRP-labele ...
... defined cortical areas. Exposing the severed ends of the corpus callosum to HRP resulted in the labeling of neurons in all retinotopically defined cortical areas (Figs. 2 and 3). The density of labeling varied, but there were relatively few regions of the cortex where labeling was absent. HRP-labele ...
Distribution of neurons in functional areas of the mouse cerebral
... used mouse brain atlas, in which the cerebral cortex has been segmented by careful comparison of cytoarchitectonic, connectivity, and functional data (Franklin and Paxinos, 2007). The availability of these cortical subdivision maps, together with the small brain size, makes the mouse cerebral cortex ...
... used mouse brain atlas, in which the cerebral cortex has been segmented by careful comparison of cytoarchitectonic, connectivity, and functional data (Franklin and Paxinos, 2007). The availability of these cortical subdivision maps, together with the small brain size, makes the mouse cerebral cortex ...
The occipitoparietal pathway of the macaque monkey: comparison
... the fundus of the superior temporal area (FST). Although these observations could be interpreted as supporting the anatomicalhierarchical model, the evidence is still inconclusive, mainly because comparisons have been made between areas belonging to the occipitoparietal and occipitotemporal pathways ...
... the fundus of the superior temporal area (FST). Although these observations could be interpreted as supporting the anatomicalhierarchical model, the evidence is still inconclusive, mainly because comparisons have been made between areas belonging to the occipitoparietal and occipitotemporal pathways ...
Chapter 2
... the central nucleus. Because IC subdivisions must be related to the constituent neurons and their inputs, the first part of this chapter discusses how the central nucleus and surrounding structures differ in this regard. One way to address the possible functional differences is through the study of ...
... the central nucleus. Because IC subdivisions must be related to the constituent neurons and their inputs, the first part of this chapter discusses how the central nucleus and surrounding structures differ in this regard. One way to address the possible functional differences is through the study of ...
Neuronal mechanisms of executive control by the prefrontal cortex
... observations, Stuss and Benson (1986) indicated that frontal patients exhibit a lack of insight and foresight, diminished capacity for planning, and decreased initiative. Similar impairments have also been reported in animals with prefrontal lesions (see reviews by Goldman-Rakic, 1987; Petrides, 199 ...
... observations, Stuss and Benson (1986) indicated that frontal patients exhibit a lack of insight and foresight, diminished capacity for planning, and decreased initiative. Similar impairments have also been reported in animals with prefrontal lesions (see reviews by Goldman-Rakic, 1987; Petrides, 199 ...
Interactions between amygdala central nucleus and the ventral
... enhancement is mediated by the influence of CeA on nigrostriatal systems. Specifically, CeA neurons project to dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc; Gonzales & Chesselet, 1990; Lee et al., 2005), which in turn innervate the dorsolateral striatum (DLS). Elevated activity in t ...
... enhancement is mediated by the influence of CeA on nigrostriatal systems. Specifically, CeA neurons project to dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc; Gonzales & Chesselet, 1990; Lee et al., 2005), which in turn innervate the dorsolateral striatum (DLS). Elevated activity in t ...