Interaction of the Frontal Eye Field and Superior Colliculus for
... maintain the same eye position. After this delay, the fixation spot reappeared, requiring the monkey to maintain fixation on the central spot for another 500 ms. A liquid reward was then given. The fixation-blink task served only as a control to keep the monkey fixating in the absence of a visual st ...
... maintain the same eye position. After this delay, the fixation spot reappeared, requiring the monkey to maintain fixation on the central spot for another 500 ms. A liquid reward was then given. The fixation-blink task served only as a control to keep the monkey fixating in the absence of a visual st ...
Cumming BG, Parker AJ.
... It would have been possible to manipulate the relative disparity between the foreground and background of the RDS simply by changing the disparity of the background region. However, in such an experiment, the absence of an effect of relative disparity would be hard to interpret. It is always possibl ...
... It would have been possible to manipulate the relative disparity between the foreground and background of the RDS simply by changing the disparity of the background region. However, in such an experiment, the absence of an effect of relative disparity would be hard to interpret. It is always possibl ...
Muscimol-Induced Inactivation of Monkey Frontal Eye Field: Effects
... Dias, Elisa C. and Mark A. Segraves. Muscimol-induced inactivation of the monkey frontal eye field: effects on visually and memoryguided saccades. J. Neurophysiol. 81: 2191–2214, 1999. Although neurophysiological, anatomic, and imaging evidence suggest that the frontal eye field (FEF) participates i ...
... Dias, Elisa C. and Mark A. Segraves. Muscimol-induced inactivation of the monkey frontal eye field: effects on visually and memoryguided saccades. J. Neurophysiol. 81: 2191–2214, 1999. Although neurophysiological, anatomic, and imaging evidence suggest that the frontal eye field (FEF) participates i ...
Histamine in the Nervous System
... with brief descriptions of invertebrate and peripheral mammalian systems. In consideration of several recent authoritative reviews, the pharmacology of histamine receptors is not treated extensively. Information in this review is largely derived from peer-reviewed literature and references indexed i ...
... with brief descriptions of invertebrate and peripheral mammalian systems. In consideration of several recent authoritative reviews, the pharmacology of histamine receptors is not treated extensively. Information in this review is largely derived from peer-reviewed literature and references indexed i ...
Anatomy & Physiology I
... know something has landed. If the pen remains still, they will stop firing almost right away. The Merkel’s and Ruffini endings will continue to fire to let you know that something is still there. ...
... know something has landed. If the pen remains still, they will stop firing almost right away. The Merkel’s and Ruffini endings will continue to fire to let you know that something is still there. ...
Emotional experiences of tension and suspense: psychological
... similar fMRI study investigating neural correlates of suspense evoked by a literary text found suspenseful text segments to be associated with activity in medial prefrontal, inferior frontal, as well as posterior temporal and temporo-parietal brain areas, suggesting an involvement of processes of th ...
... similar fMRI study investigating neural correlates of suspense evoked by a literary text found suspenseful text segments to be associated with activity in medial prefrontal, inferior frontal, as well as posterior temporal and temporo-parietal brain areas, suggesting an involvement of processes of th ...
Plastic Synaptic Networks of the Amygdala for the Acquisition
... allowed the identification of key neuronal circuits, neurochemical components, and synaptic events underlying fear memory formation. As a result, the amygdala has been identified as a key region for the processing of aversive signals and fear learning in various species including humans (for reviews ...
... allowed the identification of key neuronal circuits, neurochemical components, and synaptic events underlying fear memory formation. As a result, the amygdala has been identified as a key region for the processing of aversive signals and fear learning in various species including humans (for reviews ...
Print - Physiological Reviews
... allowed the identification of key neuronal circuits, neurochemical components, and synaptic events underlying fear memory formation. As a result, the amygdala has been identified as a key region for the processing of aversive signals and fear learning in various species including humans (for reviews ...
... allowed the identification of key neuronal circuits, neurochemical components, and synaptic events underlying fear memory formation. As a result, the amygdala has been identified as a key region for the processing of aversive signals and fear learning in various species including humans (for reviews ...
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... allowed the identification of key neuronal circuits, neurochemical components, and synaptic events underlying fear memory formation. As a result, the amygdala has been identified as a key region for the processing of aversive signals and fear learning in various species including humans (for reviews ...
... allowed the identification of key neuronal circuits, neurochemical components, and synaptic events underlying fear memory formation. As a result, the amygdala has been identified as a key region for the processing of aversive signals and fear learning in various species including humans (for reviews ...
Plastic Synaptic Networks of the Amygdala for the Acquisition
... (239). Of particular advantage is the possibility to use this model in various species, including humans (369). Furthermore, learning on this task is rapid, robust, and readily quantified and allows for a precise control of major fear memory-modulating parameters, such as stimulus specificity and pr ...
... (239). Of particular advantage is the possibility to use this model in various species, including humans (369). Furthermore, learning on this task is rapid, robust, and readily quantified and allows for a precise control of major fear memory-modulating parameters, such as stimulus specificity and pr ...
Theta Modulation in the Medial and the Lateral Entorhinal Cortices
... doi:10.1152/jn.01141.2009. Hippocampal neurons show a strong modulation by theta frequency oscillations. This modulation is thought to be important not only for temporal encoding and decoding of information in the hippocampal system, but also for temporal ordering of neuronal activities on timescale ...
... doi:10.1152/jn.01141.2009. Hippocampal neurons show a strong modulation by theta frequency oscillations. This modulation is thought to be important not only for temporal encoding and decoding of information in the hippocampal system, but also for temporal ordering of neuronal activities on timescale ...
Selective stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus in Parkinson`s
... Thus the classical concept is changed; there are two main input structures of the basal ganglia: striatum and STN. Several anatomical and electrophysiological studies have been performed on the monosynaptic cortico-subthalamic (‘hyperdirect’) pathway, but its functional role within the cortico-basal ...
... Thus the classical concept is changed; there are two main input structures of the basal ganglia: striatum and STN. Several anatomical and electrophysiological studies have been performed on the monosynaptic cortico-subthalamic (‘hyperdirect’) pathway, but its functional role within the cortico-basal ...
A network of topographic numerosity maps in human
... cortical surface. These sensory maps are hierarchically organized. For example, visual field maps contain neurons that represent increasing large parts of visual space with increasingly complex responses1. Some visual neurons respond to stimuli with a particular numerosity, the number of objects in ...
... cortical surface. These sensory maps are hierarchically organized. For example, visual field maps contain neurons that represent increasing large parts of visual space with increasingly complex responses1. Some visual neurons respond to stimuli with a particular numerosity, the number of objects in ...
Understanding the process of multisensory integration
... Chapter 3 describes the most recent work, in which the focus has been on how this process develops. Neurons in the brain do not integrate cues "by default"; rather, multisensory integration capabilities must be developed postnatally. This development is contingent on experience with cross-modal cues ...
... Chapter 3 describes the most recent work, in which the focus has been on how this process develops. Neurons in the brain do not integrate cues "by default"; rather, multisensory integration capabilities must be developed postnatally. This development is contingent on experience with cross-modal cues ...
Cholinergic Cells and Pathways
... with projection and augmenting activity as they pointed out that ACh-sensitive cortical cells respond to thalamic or peripheral sensory stimulation with repetitive after-discharges and changes in the EEG. These notions were supported by the finding of Frank (Hank) MacIntosh and Paul Oborin (1953) of ...
... with projection and augmenting activity as they pointed out that ACh-sensitive cortical cells respond to thalamic or peripheral sensory stimulation with repetitive after-discharges and changes in the EEG. These notions were supported by the finding of Frank (Hank) MacIntosh and Paul Oborin (1953) of ...
Test Bank 1
... the outside and negative ions concentrate on the inside, is known as ________. a. resting potential Correct: The resting state of the neuron is a polarized state caused by having more negative than positive ions on the inside of the cell membrane. b. flux c. depolarization d. action potential Incorr ...
... the outside and negative ions concentrate on the inside, is known as ________. a. resting potential Correct: The resting state of the neuron is a polarized state caused by having more negative than positive ions on the inside of the cell membrane. b. flux c. depolarization d. action potential Incorr ...
MODELING THE MIRROR: GRASP LEARNING AND ACTION
... me are Nese Yalabik, Gokturk Ucoluk and Sinan Neftci. I would like to present my gratitude to Tosun Terzioglu, Albert Ekip, Turgut Onder and Semih Koray who were professors of the Mathematics Department at the Middle East Technical University. They taught me how to think ‘right’ and exposed the beau ...
... me are Nese Yalabik, Gokturk Ucoluk and Sinan Neftci. I would like to present my gratitude to Tosun Terzioglu, Albert Ekip, Turgut Onder and Semih Koray who were professors of the Mathematics Department at the Middle East Technical University. They taught me how to think ‘right’ and exposed the beau ...
Behavioural Brain Research Ventral pallidum roles in reward and
... connectivity, and histochemical and neuronal makeup (e.g. high levels of substance P, enkephalins, and iron; heterogeneous cell types including cholinergic and GABAergic projection neurons; basal firing rates that are generally slower than dorsal pallidal but faster than striatal projection neurons), ...
... connectivity, and histochemical and neuronal makeup (e.g. high levels of substance P, enkephalins, and iron; heterogeneous cell types including cholinergic and GABAergic projection neurons; basal firing rates that are generally slower than dorsal pallidal but faster than striatal projection neurons), ...
Neuro-Opthalmology (Developments in Ophthalmology, Vol. 40)
... the implementation of 3-D eye movements, and that a pure central neuronal implementation for eye movements is probably not sufficient [see the chapter by Demer]. (3) Specifically for cortical structures, it has been shown that one area can be involved in the control of several types of eye movement ...
... the implementation of 3-D eye movements, and that a pure central neuronal implementation for eye movements is probably not sufficient [see the chapter by Demer]. (3) Specifically for cortical structures, it has been shown that one area can be involved in the control of several types of eye movement ...
Neocortical Very Fast Oscillations (Ripples, 80–200 Hz) During
... general anesthesia, essentially consisting of a slow oscillation (0.5–1 Hz), which is similar under ketamine-xylazine anesthesia (Contreras and Steriade 1995) and during natural slow-wave sleep in chronically implanted animals (Steriade et al. 1996, 2001). Supplementary doses of anesthetics were adm ...
... general anesthesia, essentially consisting of a slow oscillation (0.5–1 Hz), which is similar under ketamine-xylazine anesthesia (Contreras and Steriade 1995) and during natural slow-wave sleep in chronically implanted animals (Steriade et al. 1996, 2001). Supplementary doses of anesthetics were adm ...
Orexin/Hypocretin: A Neuropeptide at the Interface of Sleep, Energy
... II. Orexin and orexin receptors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A. Identification of orexin (Hypocretin) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B. Orex ...
... II. Orexin and orexin receptors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A. Identification of orexin (Hypocretin) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B. Orex ...
MARCKS modulates radial progenitor placement
... between these structural domains allows for the regulated localization of MARCKS to the plasma membrane. Membrane-localized MARCKS can serve as a docking station for calmodulin and several multivalent lipids, including phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) and phosphatidylserine (PS), as well ...
... between these structural domains allows for the regulated localization of MARCKS to the plasma membrane. Membrane-localized MARCKS can serve as a docking station for calmodulin and several multivalent lipids, including phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) and phosphatidylserine (PS), as well ...
Might the olfactory bulb be an origin of olfactory auras in focal
... occasionally co-exist with other sensory auras; mainly gustatory but also occasionally auditory, visual, and abdominal visceral (Penfield and Jasper, 1954; Palmini and Gloor, 1992; Fried et al., 1995; West and Doty, 1995; Acharya et al., 1998). It is suggested that the olfactory system may modulate, ...
... occasionally co-exist with other sensory auras; mainly gustatory but also occasionally auditory, visual, and abdominal visceral (Penfield and Jasper, 1954; Palmini and Gloor, 1992; Fried et al., 1995; West and Doty, 1995; Acharya et al., 1998). It is suggested that the olfactory system may modulate, ...
the Report - The Lasker Foundation
... in varying degrees of monocular, or occasionally binocular, vision impairment, mainly in children; if not successfully treated, it can lead to permanent vision impairment for life. Its etiology and a precise definition have long defied science’s best efforts, but we do know that risk factors for amb ...
... in varying degrees of monocular, or occasionally binocular, vision impairment, mainly in children; if not successfully treated, it can lead to permanent vision impairment for life. Its etiology and a precise definition have long defied science’s best efforts, but we do know that risk factors for amb ...
neuronal reward and decision signals: from theories to data
... I. INTRODUCTION Rewards are the most crucial objects for life. Their function is to make us eat, drink, and mate. Species with brains that allow them to get better rewards will win in evolution. This is what our brain does, acquire rewards, and do it in the best possible way. It may well be the reas ...
... I. INTRODUCTION Rewards are the most crucial objects for life. Their function is to make us eat, drink, and mate. Species with brains that allow them to get better rewards will win in evolution. This is what our brain does, acquire rewards, and do it in the best possible way. It may well be the reas ...
Neural correlates of consciousness
The neural correlates of consciousness (NCC) constitute the minimal set of neuronal events and mechanisms sufficient for a specific conscious percept. Neuroscientists use empirical approaches to discover neural correlates of subjective phenomena. The set should be minimal because, under the assumption that the brain is sufficient to give rise to any given conscious experience, the question is which of its components is necessary to produce it.