By ON THE ROLE OF THE SUPERIOR COLLICULUS IN THE CONTROL... VISUALLY-GUIDED SACCADES
... of simulating saccadic sensory to motor transformations. This model was designed to predict how the spatial interactions between neural signals related to visual processing and saccadic preparation interact within the SC to influence saccadic reaction time. I concluded that saccade latency was stron ...
... of simulating saccadic sensory to motor transformations. This model was designed to predict how the spatial interactions between neural signals related to visual processing and saccadic preparation interact within the SC to influence saccadic reaction time. I concluded that saccade latency was stron ...
Comprehensive Review of Golgi Staining Methods for Nervous Tissue
... other methods. Golgi–Cox staining comprises the following three steps: specimen impregnation, tissue protection, and color development. The Golgi–Cox method is considered to be one of the most reliable techniques for demonstrating dendritic arborization, with a low interference level from background ...
... other methods. Golgi–Cox staining comprises the following three steps: specimen impregnation, tissue protection, and color development. The Golgi–Cox method is considered to be one of the most reliable techniques for demonstrating dendritic arborization, with a low interference level from background ...
Neural mechanisms of stimulus generalization in auditory fear
... behavioral paradigm, the amygdala has been identified has a key neural substrate for associative fear learning, and the site where unconditioned stimuli (US) and conditioned (CS) auditory stimuli come to be associated. Auditory information may reach the amygdala either directly from the auditory tha ...
... behavioral paradigm, the amygdala has been identified has a key neural substrate for associative fear learning, and the site where unconditioned stimuli (US) and conditioned (CS) auditory stimuli come to be associated. Auditory information may reach the amygdala either directly from the auditory tha ...
Apparent Loss and Hypertrophy of Interneurons in a Mouse Model
... objective, counting only neurons with a clearly identifiable nucleus. This value was expressed as the number of detectable neurons per section and corrected by the method of Abercrombie (1946). The same sections were examined under a 1003 objective, and measurements of cross-sectional area were made ...
... objective, counting only neurons with a clearly identifiable nucleus. This value was expressed as the number of detectable neurons per section and corrected by the method of Abercrombie (1946). The same sections were examined under a 1003 objective, and measurements of cross-sectional area were made ...
The Basal Forebrain Cholinergic Projection
... in these functions, as well as the processing characteristics of these disease states, lies in the anatomical complexity of this region. The basal forebrain contains a heterogeneous mixture of cell types that differ in transmitter content, morphology, and projection pattern. One of the most prominen ...
... in these functions, as well as the processing characteristics of these disease states, lies in the anatomical complexity of this region. The basal forebrain contains a heterogeneous mixture of cell types that differ in transmitter content, morphology, and projection pattern. One of the most prominen ...
The basal forebrain cholinergic projection system in mice. In
... in these functions, as well as the processing characteristics of these disease states, lies in the anatomical complexity of this region. The basal forebrain contains a heterogeneous mixture of cell types that differ in transmitter content, morphology, and projection pattern. One of the most prominen ...
... in these functions, as well as the processing characteristics of these disease states, lies in the anatomical complexity of this region. The basal forebrain contains a heterogeneous mixture of cell types that differ in transmitter content, morphology, and projection pattern. One of the most prominen ...
Bischoff_Thesis_notes
... internally generated sequences pre-SMA receives connections from prefrontal cortex, area 46 area F5 and anterior cingulate cortex externally generated sequences o Prefrontal learning of new sequences she says that in the DAJ model, prefrontal activity increased as the sequences were lear ...
... internally generated sequences pre-SMA receives connections from prefrontal cortex, area 46 area F5 and anterior cingulate cortex externally generated sequences o Prefrontal learning of new sequences she says that in the DAJ model, prefrontal activity increased as the sequences were lear ...
The Emerging Neuroscience of Intrinsic Motivation: A New Frontier
... body of research within SDT has examined the situational factors (e.g., types of rewards, feedback, communication styles) that undermine or facilitate the expression of intrinsic motivation (Ryan and Deci, 2017). These studies have made it clear that although intrinsic motivation is a lifelong psych ...
... body of research within SDT has examined the situational factors (e.g., types of rewards, feedback, communication styles) that undermine or facilitate the expression of intrinsic motivation (Ryan and Deci, 2017). These studies have made it clear that although intrinsic motivation is a lifelong psych ...
The amygdala: securing pleasure and avoiding pain
... the amygdala, nor the impact that processing in this structure has on the motivational limbic corticostriatal circuitry of which it is an important structure. Here we discuss the interactions between different amygdala nuclei with cortical and striatal regions involved in motivation; interconnection ...
... the amygdala, nor the impact that processing in this structure has on the motivational limbic corticostriatal circuitry of which it is an important structure. Here we discuss the interactions between different amygdala nuclei with cortical and striatal regions involved in motivation; interconnection ...
Mammalian Sleep
... results in other reptilian species. Pending such evidence, these data suggest that REM sleep may not have existed in reptilian species but may have evolved rapidly with endothermy. A striking finding of the study in turtles was that most brainstem neuronal activity in the observed portions of the mi ...
... results in other reptilian species. Pending such evidence, these data suggest that REM sleep may not have existed in reptilian species but may have evolved rapidly with endothermy. A striking finding of the study in turtles was that most brainstem neuronal activity in the observed portions of the mi ...
Propofol Inhibits Neuronal Firing Activities in the Caudal
... no significant interaction between cats and dose ( p = 0.640). Dose had a significant effect on the response ( p < 0.001). The Bonferroni multiple comparison indicated that the control firing rate was 17.9 Ų8.6 Hz which was depressed to 15.8Ų8.5 Hz at 2 min after the first dose of 1 mgąkg - 1 propof ...
... no significant interaction between cats and dose ( p = 0.640). Dose had a significant effect on the response ( p < 0.001). The Bonferroni multiple comparison indicated that the control firing rate was 17.9 Ų8.6 Hz which was depressed to 15.8Ų8.5 Hz at 2 min after the first dose of 1 mgąkg - 1 propof ...
Spatial distribution and characterization of non
... basal locations but maintain an apical contact during mitoses [7,11,14]. These subapical progenitors are mainly characterized by undergoing multiple and fast rounds of division. The non-apical progenitor populations have been widely studied in the mammalian brain, and there is some evidence that the ...
... basal locations but maintain an apical contact during mitoses [7,11,14]. These subapical progenitors are mainly characterized by undergoing multiple and fast rounds of division. The non-apical progenitor populations have been widely studied in the mammalian brain, and there is some evidence that the ...
- TestbankU
... 10. Which of the following uses X-rays to detect various abnormalities of the brain including injury sites, tumors, and evidence of recent strokes? a) intracranial EEG b) magnetic resonance imaging c) computerized axial tomography d) electroencephalogram Answer: c Skill Level: Factual Difficulty: E ...
... 10. Which of the following uses X-rays to detect various abnormalities of the brain including injury sites, tumors, and evidence of recent strokes? a) intracranial EEG b) magnetic resonance imaging c) computerized axial tomography d) electroencephalogram Answer: c Skill Level: Factual Difficulty: E ...
Sensors for impossible stimuli may solve the stereo correspondence
... peak of this sinusoid. If the sinusoid peaks for cells tuned to a phase disparity of Dfpref, then the stimulus disparity is lDfpref/2p ± nl, where l is the period of the spatial-frequency channel under consideration, and n is any integer. Thus, a narrow-band population can correctly identify stimulu ...
... peak of this sinusoid. If the sinusoid peaks for cells tuned to a phase disparity of Dfpref, then the stimulus disparity is lDfpref/2p ± nl, where l is the period of the spatial-frequency channel under consideration, and n is any integer. Thus, a narrow-band population can correctly identify stimulu ...
- Journal of Vestibular Research
... "intrinsic mechanism hypothesis," a new hypothesis of vestibular compensation, the behavioral recovery that follows unilateral deafferentation of the vestibular labyrinth (UVD). The most salient characteristic of vestibular compensation is the decrease in the severity of the static ocular motor and ...
... "intrinsic mechanism hypothesis," a new hypothesis of vestibular compensation, the behavioral recovery that follows unilateral deafferentation of the vestibular labyrinth (UVD). The most salient characteristic of vestibular compensation is the decrease in the severity of the static ocular motor and ...
The role of the basal ganglia in reinforcement learning
... concentrations in the striatum, beyond firing rate and pattern. Thus, the difference between the response properties of the basal ganglia subsystems suggests distinct function of these populations where the modulators provide a scalar signal to the main axis of the basal ganglia network. The neural- ...
... concentrations in the striatum, beyond firing rate and pattern. Thus, the difference between the response properties of the basal ganglia subsystems suggests distinct function of these populations where the modulators provide a scalar signal to the main axis of the basal ganglia network. The neural- ...
Relating normalization to neuronal populations across cortical areas
... the same brain area under identical conditions exhibit a range of normalization, ranging from suppression by nonpreferred stimuli (strong normalization) to additive responses to combinations of stimuli (no normalization; for examples, see Lee and Maunsell, 2009; Busse et al., 2009). Normalization ha ...
... the same brain area under identical conditions exhibit a range of normalization, ranging from suppression by nonpreferred stimuli (strong normalization) to additive responses to combinations of stimuli (no normalization; for examples, see Lee and Maunsell, 2009; Busse et al., 2009). Normalization ha ...
frontal functions, connectivity and neural efficiency underpinning
... mistakes in performance were being detected but went uncorrected. But an electrophysiological change did accompany the impaired performance, and this involved the ensuing positive wave that follows error-related negativity. This ‘error-related positivity’, which is associated with error evaluation p ...
... mistakes in performance were being detected but went uncorrected. But an electrophysiological change did accompany the impaired performance, and this involved the ensuing positive wave that follows error-related negativity. This ‘error-related positivity’, which is associated with error evaluation p ...
What clinical disorders tell us about the neural
... during behaviour in monkeys, has revealed a great deal about saccadic performance, anatomy, and physiology. Clinical studies of patients with saccadic disorders, and studies of the effects on saccades of brain lesions in animals, have led to the development of quantitative hypotheses (models) of the ...
... during behaviour in monkeys, has revealed a great deal about saccadic performance, anatomy, and physiology. Clinical studies of patients with saccadic disorders, and studies of the effects on saccades of brain lesions in animals, have led to the development of quantitative hypotheses (models) of the ...
... three different anatomic neuroimaging approaches. A secondary aim is to analyze whether these brain differences are related with the diagnosis of ADHD in childhood or whether it is associated with the persistence of the diagnosis in adulthood. The results of the present dissertation are two-fold. Fi ...
- CUNY Academic Works
... primary rewards acquire the ability to act as conditioned stimuli (CSs), which can elicit conditioned approach behaviors similar to the primary rewards with which they are associated. Involved in this type of learning is the brain’s reward system, the mesocorticolimbic dopamine (DA) system, which or ...
... primary rewards acquire the ability to act as conditioned stimuli (CSs), which can elicit conditioned approach behaviors similar to the primary rewards with which they are associated. Involved in this type of learning is the brain’s reward system, the mesocorticolimbic dopamine (DA) system, which or ...
Serotonin in Affective Control
... the effects of the neuromodulators can be exerted very speedily, via quick-acting receptors, but can also be very prolonged, particularly through influences over long-term synaptic plasticity. This diversity of actions complicates the representational issues for neuromodulators in terms of the seman ...
... the effects of the neuromodulators can be exerted very speedily, via quick-acting receptors, but can also be very prolonged, particularly through influences over long-term synaptic plasticity. This diversity of actions complicates the representational issues for neuromodulators in terms of the seman ...
A role for sleep in brain plasticity
... remodelling elicited by MD. Another study has shown that non-REM sleep electrical activity itself underwent changes as a consequence of waking experience during a late critical period (P30–60) in cats and mice [59]: dark-rearing induced during sleep a huge and reversible decrement of delta activity ...
... remodelling elicited by MD. Another study has shown that non-REM sleep electrical activity itself underwent changes as a consequence of waking experience during a late critical period (P30–60) in cats and mice [59]: dark-rearing induced during sleep a huge and reversible decrement of delta activity ...
Early Sensory Pathways for Detection of Fearful Conditioned Stimuli
... Meredith, 1993). Thus, it is an early hub for sensorimotor integration that appears well suited to mediate active avoidance behaviors. The thalamus and the superior colliculus form two major targets of ascending somatosensory information from the trigeminal complex. An obvious question is which of t ...
... Meredith, 1993). Thus, it is an early hub for sensorimotor integration that appears well suited to mediate active avoidance behaviors. The thalamus and the superior colliculus form two major targets of ascending somatosensory information from the trigeminal complex. An obvious question is which of t ...
FLRT proteins act as guidance cues for migrating cortical interneurons
... 5.1 Effects of FLRT2 and FLRT3 ablation in the cortical interneurons migration through the SP stream ...................................................................................... 148 5.2 Regulation of the interneurons migration through the SP stream .............. 152 5.3 Late developomenta ...
... 5.1 Effects of FLRT2 and FLRT3 ablation in the cortical interneurons migration through the SP stream ...................................................................................... 148 5.2 Regulation of the interneurons migration through the SP stream .............. 152 5.3 Late developomenta ...
Neural correlates of consciousness
The neural correlates of consciousness (NCC) constitute the minimal set of neuronal events and mechanisms sufficient for a specific conscious percept. Neuroscientists use empirical approaches to discover neural correlates of subjective phenomena. The set should be minimal because, under the assumption that the brain is sufficient to give rise to any given conscious experience, the question is which of its components is necessary to produce it.