Effects of Residual Inhibition Phenomenon on Early Auditory Evoked
... the patients are important factors that may be involved in this reaction. Thus, this neurophysiological process may not be detected by an evaluation of the cerebral function in tinnitus subjects (Mirz et al., 1999). Tinnitus is not a single pathology, but rather a multiform symptom (Guitton, 2006). ...
... the patients are important factors that may be involved in this reaction. Thus, this neurophysiological process may not be detected by an evaluation of the cerebral function in tinnitus subjects (Mirz et al., 1999). Tinnitus is not a single pathology, but rather a multiform symptom (Guitton, 2006). ...
THE SUBFORNICAL ORGAN AND AREA POSTREMA MEDIATE
... using whole cell current clamp electrophysiology, reveal that leptin influences the excitability of individual SFO neurons, causing both excitatory and inhibitory responses. Furthermore, we find that leptin activates the same SFO neurons activated by amylin. Given the association between obesity and ...
... using whole cell current clamp electrophysiology, reveal that leptin influences the excitability of individual SFO neurons, causing both excitatory and inhibitory responses. Furthermore, we find that leptin activates the same SFO neurons activated by amylin. Given the association between obesity and ...
Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Reelin Signaling in the Adult
... intact brain and further emphasize that extracellular proteolysis of Reelin by tPA and other yet-to-be identified proteases is important to consider when trying to understand how altered Reelin processing and/or expression contribute to cognitive impairments associated with disease states. In Chapte ...
... intact brain and further emphasize that extracellular proteolysis of Reelin by tPA and other yet-to-be identified proteases is important to consider when trying to understand how altered Reelin processing and/or expression contribute to cognitive impairments associated with disease states. In Chapte ...
Neurophysiology - American Physiological Society
... NEU 30. Describe the local factors affecting brain blood flow and contrast their effectiveness with that of autonomic regulation of cerebral blood flow. Understand the role of blood flow in relation to fMRI. NEU 31. Describe cerebrovascular disorders (stroke, hemorrhage, aneurysm, migraine headache) ...
... NEU 30. Describe the local factors affecting brain blood flow and contrast their effectiveness with that of autonomic regulation of cerebral blood flow. Understand the role of blood flow in relation to fMRI. NEU 31. Describe cerebrovascular disorders (stroke, hemorrhage, aneurysm, migraine headache) ...
Orexin/Hypocretin: A Neuropeptide at the Interface of Sleep, Energy
... II. Orexin and orexin receptors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A. Identification of orexin (Hypocretin) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B. Orex ...
... II. Orexin and orexin receptors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A. Identification of orexin (Hypocretin) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B. Orex ...
Leptin Signaling in the Nucleus Tractus Solitarii
... (NTS). We demonstrated previously that arcuate injection of leptin increases sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) to brown adipose tissue and kidney. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that leptin signaling in the NTS affects sympathetic neural outflow. Using a stereotaxic device in anesthetized ra ...
... (NTS). We demonstrated previously that arcuate injection of leptin increases sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) to brown adipose tissue and kidney. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that leptin signaling in the NTS affects sympathetic neural outflow. Using a stereotaxic device in anesthetized ra ...
thesis - ETDA
... dystonia, which results in larger cortical representation areas of the affected body parts and that may affect inhibition (Hallett M, 1998). While many theories are currently being discussed in the literature, very few are consistently supported by findings in dystonic patients. This could mean that ...
... dystonia, which results in larger cortical representation areas of the affected body parts and that may affect inhibition (Hallett M, 1998). While many theories are currently being discussed in the literature, very few are consistently supported by findings in dystonic patients. This could mean that ...
Previous results from our laboratory have shown that administration
... regions (Giedd et al., 2009; Shaw et al., 2008). While gray-matter volume decreases, white matter volume increases linearly with age through the first 25 years of life (Giedd et al., 1999; Giedd et al., 2009). The maturation of frontal lobe gray and white matter accelerates during adolescence (Sowe ...
... regions (Giedd et al., 2009; Shaw et al., 2008). While gray-matter volume decreases, white matter volume increases linearly with age through the first 25 years of life (Giedd et al., 1999; Giedd et al., 2009). The maturation of frontal lobe gray and white matter accelerates during adolescence (Sowe ...
the Report - The Lasker Foundation
... exact definition used (Hendler, Mehravaran, Lu et al., 2016). While this may seem uncommon, amblyopia has been described as the number one cause of monocular visual impairment in children and young adults (NIH Facts About Amblyopia). The risk of amblyopia increases with prematurity, developmental de ...
... exact definition used (Hendler, Mehravaran, Lu et al., 2016). While this may seem uncommon, amblyopia has been described as the number one cause of monocular visual impairment in children and young adults (NIH Facts About Amblyopia). The risk of amblyopia increases with prematurity, developmental de ...
The Locus Ceruleus Responds to Signaling Molecules Obtained
... of ⬃1550 chick embryos of both sexes were used. All experimental procedures were approved by the local animal care committee and were conducted in compliance with the Policy on the Use of Animals in Neuroscience Research (Society for Neuroscience). Materials. Murine NGF was from Alomone Labs or Prom ...
... of ⬃1550 chick embryos of both sexes were used. All experimental procedures were approved by the local animal care committee and were conducted in compliance with the Policy on the Use of Animals in Neuroscience Research (Society for Neuroscience). Materials. Murine NGF was from Alomone Labs or Prom ...
Organization of brainstem nuclei
... zone (vestibular nuclei) dorsolaterally and terminating in a general motor efferent zone ventromedially (hypoglossal). Intervening in a dorsal-to-ventral sequence are the somatic afferent column (spinal nucleus of the trigeminal), the visceral afferent column (solitary nucleus and the dorsolateral s ...
... zone (vestibular nuclei) dorsolaterally and terminating in a general motor efferent zone ventromedially (hypoglossal). Intervening in a dorsal-to-ventral sequence are the somatic afferent column (spinal nucleus of the trigeminal), the visceral afferent column (solitary nucleus and the dorsolateral s ...
NEURAL MECHANISMS SUPPORTING THE LEARNING
... associative learning processes and conscious UCS expectancies modulate the expression of UCRs. Few brain imaging studies have used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate the neural substrates that support conditioned UCR diminution. In this previous research, UCR diminution has ...
... associative learning processes and conscious UCS expectancies modulate the expression of UCRs. Few brain imaging studies have used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate the neural substrates that support conditioned UCR diminution. In this previous research, UCR diminution has ...
REM Sleep - Test Page
... mammalian lines. We reexamined this question, looking at brainstem neuronal activity in addition to the EEG for signs of REM sleep. Although we confirmed Allison and colleagues' observation of no low-voltage EEG during sleep, we found that brainstem neurons exhibited the phasic pattern of activation ...
... mammalian lines. We reexamined this question, looking at brainstem neuronal activity in addition to the EEG for signs of REM sleep. Although we confirmed Allison and colleagues' observation of no low-voltage EEG during sleep, we found that brainstem neurons exhibited the phasic pattern of activation ...
Memantine is a clinically well tolerated N-methyl-D
... neurones indicate that the potency of memantine is identical in the absence and presence of spermine (with spermine 100 mM at − 70 mV IC50 of 2.1 9 0.1 mM, without spermine IC50 of 2.39 0.3 mM; Parsons et al. unpublished). It seems more likely that any changes in the displacement of [3H](+ )MK-801 b ...
... neurones indicate that the potency of memantine is identical in the absence and presence of spermine (with spermine 100 mM at − 70 mV IC50 of 2.1 9 0.1 mM, without spermine IC50 of 2.39 0.3 mM; Parsons et al. unpublished). It seems more likely that any changes in the displacement of [3H](+ )MK-801 b ...
The dynamic cytoskeleton: backbone of dendritic spine plasticity
... was whether microtubules polymerized into spines from the dendrite shaft or were locally nucleated within the spine and then polymerized into the dendritic shaft, as suggested by others [50]. To address this issue by direct observation within living neurons, another group used time-lapse total inter ...
... was whether microtubules polymerized into spines from the dendrite shaft or were locally nucleated within the spine and then polymerized into the dendritic shaft, as suggested by others [50]. To address this issue by direct observation within living neurons, another group used time-lapse total inter ...
Structure and dynamics of the corticothalamic driver pathway in the
... along the processing chain, the stimulus specificity of responses as well as the input-output transformations at each station. An interesting model system for investigating these dynamical processes is the rodent whisker system. Rodents can solve highly complicated tasks with their whiskers alone, d ...
... along the processing chain, the stimulus specificity of responses as well as the input-output transformations at each station. An interesting model system for investigating these dynamical processes is the rodent whisker system. Rodents can solve highly complicated tasks with their whiskers alone, d ...
Why We Sleep: The Temporal Organization of
... to homeostasis but can be suspended in rare cases for a substantial portion of life. In contrast to circadian biology, where the selective advantage of predicting daylight and seasonal occurrence is obvious [18], sleep is dangerous in the presence of predators. Accordingly, in mammals, REM sleep amo ...
... to homeostasis but can be suspended in rare cases for a substantial portion of life. In contrast to circadian biology, where the selective advantage of predicting daylight and seasonal occurrence is obvious [18], sleep is dangerous in the presence of predators. Accordingly, in mammals, REM sleep amo ...
Propagation of tau pathology in Alzheimer`s disease
... neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In AD, tau becomes abnormally phosphorylated and forms inclusions throughout the brain, starting in the entorhinal cortex and progressively affecting additional brain regions as the disease progresses. Formation of these inclusions is tho ...
... neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In AD, tau becomes abnormally phosphorylated and forms inclusions throughout the brain, starting in the entorhinal cortex and progressively affecting additional brain regions as the disease progresses. Formation of these inclusions is tho ...
ORAL UPF/ TESI DOCT Nicotine addiction phenotypes in a BAC transgenic mouse
... nicotine addiction. Specifically, we focus on the cluster CHRNA5/A3/B4 of human chromosome 15, which human genetic studies have identified as a strong candidate for nicotine dependence and smoking-related behaviours. This cluster codifies for the alpha5, alpha3 and beta4 subunits of the nicotinic ac ...
... nicotine addiction. Specifically, we focus on the cluster CHRNA5/A3/B4 of human chromosome 15, which human genetic studies have identified as a strong candidate for nicotine dependence and smoking-related behaviours. This cluster codifies for the alpha5, alpha3 and beta4 subunits of the nicotinic ac ...
Interaction of the Frontal Eye Field and Superior Colliculus for
... functional interactions between these areas. One of the systems that is close to meeting these demanding criteria is that for the visual guidance of rapid or saccadic eye movements, a system that extends from cerebral cortex through the superior colliculus (SC) to the midbrain and pons (for reviews ...
... functional interactions between these areas. One of the systems that is close to meeting these demanding criteria is that for the visual guidance of rapid or saccadic eye movements, a system that extends from cerebral cortex through the superior colliculus (SC) to the midbrain and pons (for reviews ...
neuronal reward and decision signals: from theories to data
... mediated by neuronal reward prediction error signals which implement basic constructs of reinforcement learning theory. These signals are found in dopamine neurons, which emit a global reward signal to striatum and frontal cortex, and in specific neurons in striatum, amygdala, and frontal cortex pro ...
... mediated by neuronal reward prediction error signals which implement basic constructs of reinforcement learning theory. These signals are found in dopamine neurons, which emit a global reward signal to striatum and frontal cortex, and in specific neurons in striatum, amygdala, and frontal cortex pro ...
Psychopharmacology of conditioned reward
... stimuli and reward processes interact in a highly specific manner; analyses of this phenomenon may provide valuable insight into the processes that underlie reward-related learning. The effects of dopaminergic agents with different mechanisms of action in this paradigm have revealed several interest ...
... stimuli and reward processes interact in a highly specific manner; analyses of this phenomenon may provide valuable insight into the processes that underlie reward-related learning. The effects of dopaminergic agents with different mechanisms of action in this paradigm have revealed several interest ...
Role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in Huntington`s disease
... endogenous trophic support may contribute to disease onset and/or progression. This hypothesis has aroused interest in BDNF and/or BDNF mimetics as potential therapeutic agents, and this has been intensified by reports of reduced BDNF levels in the cerebral cortex and striatum of people with HD (Zuc ...
... endogenous trophic support may contribute to disease onset and/or progression. This hypothesis has aroused interest in BDNF and/or BDNF mimetics as potential therapeutic agents, and this has been intensified by reports of reduced BDNF levels in the cerebral cortex and striatum of people with HD (Zuc ...