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Set Cornell Notes on pg. 29.2upNeurons 47 •Topic: 29.2 Nervous System and Neurons Nervous 2.129.2 Atoms, Ions, System and Neurons and Molecules •Essential Question(s): 1. Draw and label a neuron on pg. 46 in picture bubble map format. KEY CONCEPT The nervous system is composed of highly specialized cells. 29.2 Neurons KEY CONCEPT The nervous system is composed of highly specialized cells. 29.2 Neurons Neurons (aka nerve cells)are cells that can store information and send and receive messages within the nervous system. • Make up an information network (Like the internet) Cell body axon Dendrites neurotransmitter 29.2 Neurons Neurons are highly specialized cells. • A neuron has three parts. 1. cell body has nucleus and organelles 1 Cell body 29.2 Neurons Neurons are highly specialized cells. • A neuron has three parts. 1. cell body has nucleus and organelles 2. dendrites receive messages from neighboring cells 2 dendrites 29.2 Neurons Neurons are highly specialized cells. • A neuron has three parts. 1. cell body has nucleus and organelles 2. dendrites receive messages from neighboring cells 3. axon carries messages to other cells Specialized support cells- such as the myelin sheathinsulate neurons’ axons and helps them send messages 3 axon 29.2 Neurons Synapse: Gaps between neurons Synapse 29.2 Neurons Neurotransmitters: Chemical signals released by neurons. Carry information from neuron to neuron. Neurotransmitters 29.2 Neurons Action Potential: Electrical impulse that carries messages Dendrites receive action potential 29.2 Neurons NEURON 29.2 Neurons NEURON 29.2 Neurons NEURON 29.2 Neurons NEURON 29.2 Neurons NEURON 29.2 Neurons NEURON 29.2 Neurons NEURON 29.2 Neurons NEURON 29.2 Neurons NEURON Dendrites of next neuron 29.2 Neurons Axon terminal: releases neurotransmitters (chemical signals) Synapse Axon terminal (gap) Dendrites of next neuron 29.2 Neurons Draw and label this neuron on p. 46: Neurotransmitters NEURON Synapse Cell body axon Myelin sheath Dendrites Action potential Axon terminal 29.2 Neurons • Neurons transmit information in the form of electrical and chemical impulses – When a neuron is stimulated, it produces an electrical signal (action potential) within that neuron – Before it can move to the next cell it changes into a chemical signal (neurotransmitter) – You react 29.2 Neurons – Electrical Impulse reaches terminal. terminal impulse 29.2 Neurons – Electrical Impulse reaches terminal. impulse 29.2 Neurons – Electrical Impulse reaches terminal. – Neurotransmitters (chemicals) release into synapse. synapse impulse neurotransmitte vesicles receptor 29.2 Neurons – Electrical Impulse reaches terminal. – Neurotransmitters (chemicals) release into synapse. – Neurotransmitters stimulate next cell. synapse impulse neurotransmitter vesicles receptor 29.2 Neurons How does the structure of a neuron make it effective in carrying out the functions of the nervous system? 29.2 Neurons How does the structure of a neuron make it effective in carrying out the functions of the nervous system? Neurons have long extensions called axons, which allow messages to be carried long distances without having to pass the signal to another cell. 29.2 NeuronsTypes of Neurons Picture Tree Map Sensory Neurons Interneurons Motor Neurons • Function • Location • Function • Location • Function • Location 28 29.2 Neurons There are 3 types of neurons: 1) Sensory neurons 2) Interneurons 3) Motor neurons 29.2 Neurons 1. Sensory Neurons: • The dendrites of these neurons act as sensory receptors • Function: They gather information and carry impulses into the brain and spinal cord •Located in PNS Outside: Light & Sound Intensities Inside: Temperature Oxygen Levels pH Levels 30 29.2 Neurons 2)Interneurons: • Receive signals from sensory neurons and relay them within the brain and spinal cord • Function: Process and interpret messages in the CNS • Located in CNS 31 29.2 Neurons 3)Motor neurons: • Pass messages from the central nervous system to the other tissues in the body, such as muscles • Function: Carry nerve impulses out of the brain or spinal cord to effectors •Effectors: muscles and glands • Located in the PNS. 32 29.2 Neurons Key: Motor Neurons Interneurons Effectors Receptors Sensory Neurons 1._______________ 2. ________________ 3. ______________ 4. _____________ 5._____________ 33 29.2 Neurons 1. Receptors 2. Sensory Neurons 3. Interneurons 4. Motor Neurons 5. Effectors 34 29.2 Neurons In a nutshell…. • The nervous system can: • Detect changes in the body • Make decisions based on the info received • Stimulate muscles and/or glands to respond • Counteract changes to maintain homeostasis 35 29.2 Neurons Neurons (nerve cells) are cells that can store information and send and receive messages. In a paragraph, hypothesize how drug or alcohol use might affect neurons?